放电等离子烧结温度对热压/热变形NdFeB纳米晶永磁体磁性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了热压/热变形NdFeB磁体。研究了不同烧结温度对热压磁体、热变形磁体微观结构及磁性能的影响。结果表明,随烧结温度的升高,磁体密度上升,680℃时已达理论密度的99.7%;另一方面,晶粒则随温度的增加发生长大。剩磁和最大磁能积受密度和晶粒大小的交互作用,在650℃时达最大:(BH)m=129kJ/m3,Br=0.87T,Hci=914kA/m。热变形后,磁体主相晶粒的c轴逐渐转向与压力平行的方向,形成磁晶各向异性,使磁体的剩磁和最大磁能积大幅增加。热压烧结温度对热变形磁体的磁性能有着极大影响,其剩磁和最大磁能积随热压温度的升高先升高后降低,620℃热压后,热变形磁体磁性能达最大:(BH)m=339kJ/m3,Br=1.49T,Hci=576kA/m。     

高温稀土永磁体Sm(CobalFe0.09Cu0.09Zr0.03)7.69磁性能的研究

采用粉末冶金法制备Sm(CobalFe0.09Cu0.09Zr0.03)7.69稀土永磁体,研究了烧结温度对磁体的磁性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度的提高,剩磁Br、内禀矫顽力Hcj及最大磁能积(BH)max都先增加后降低。磁体的综合磁性能在烧结温度为1230℃时最优,室温下Br、Hcj和(BH)max分别达到10.40kGs、25.16kOe和25.88MGOe,且1230℃烧结磁体的温度稳定性较好,有望应用在500℃的工作环境中。     

烧结温度对(Nd_(0.947)Dy_(0.053))_(15)(Fe_(0.83)Co_(0.17))77B_8永磁体剩磁的影响

本文用磁测量和差热分析等技术,研究了(Nd_(0.947)Dy_(0.053))_(15)(Fe_(0.83)Co_(0.17))_(77)B_8合金的剩磁(Br)和最大磁能积(BH)_(max)与烧结温度(T)的关系。合金的Br主要取决于烧结温度,而时效处理对Br的影响甚小。(BH)_(max)与Br~2成正比关系。对于所研究的磁体,最佳烧结温度为1100℃,最佳剩磁Br=1.250T,(BH)_(max)=286.1KJ/m~3。     

高温稀土永磁Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)17 的制备和性能

制备了高温稀土永磁材料Sm(Coba1Fe0．26Cu0．05Zr0．026)7．0，研究了磁性能与工艺条件的关系．结果表明：提高烧结温度可使材料的Br和(BH)max增大，但是使Hci降低；适当提高真空预烧温度，可使材料在较低烧结温度下致密化，具有较高的Hci和(BH)max和温度稳定性．真空预烧温度过高使性能的急剧降低，其主要原因是Sm的析出．在最佳工艺条件下材料的磁性能参数分别为：Br1．08T3Hci2286kA／m，Hcb932kA／m，(BH)max220．8kJ／m^3；β20-200℃为-0．19％／℃．     

Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁的制备和性能

用超声化学法制备纳米Fe颗粒包覆的Nd2Fe14B复合粉体,将其在Ar气保护下经放电等离子烧结(SPS),得到Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米晶复合磁体.Fe名义质量分数为5%的烧结磁体具有较高的磁性能:Br=0.86 T,Hci=683.8 kA/m,(BH)max=95.92 kJ/m3.烧结前对复合粉末进行适当的高能球磨,能促进显微组织进一步细化,增强软磁相与硬磁相之间的交换耦合,使相同Fe含量和烧结工艺的磁体Br和(BH)max分别提高到0.94 T和113.6 kJ/m3.     

热处理对放电等离子烧结NdFeB永磁材料的影响

采用放电等离子烧结技术(spark plasma sintering,简称SPS)制备了高性能新型NdFeB永磁材料.研究了热处理工艺对SPS NdFeB磁体的组织和性能影响,采用扫描电镜、B-H回线仪研究磁体的显微组织和磁性能.结果表明,不同烧结温度的SPS烧结体对不同温度的热处理表现出同样的规律性,最佳热处理温度为1050℃.SPS NdFeB磁体的热处理过程,富稀土相成分和结构发生改变.在优化工艺条件下制备出最佳性能为Br=1.351T,Hci=674.4kA·m-1,BHm=360.4 kJ·m-3的新型SPS NdFeB磁体.     

放电等离子烧结制备高性能热变形Nd-Fe-B磁体

使用放电等离子烧结(SPS)可在短时间内将非晶Nd13.5Fe80.5B6粉末晶化,且可获得接近于全致密的各向同性磁体,其剩磁、矫顽力、最大磁能积分别为Br=0.8T,Hci＝1346kA/m,(BH)m=108kJ/m3.热变形后,随变形量的增加,硬磁相晶粒的取向度增加,Br及(BH)m大幅增加,在65%时达最大:B...     

钇掺杂M型锶铁氧体的结构与磁性能研究

采用固相烧结法于1150℃保温烧结3h制备了钇掺杂的M型锶铁氧体SrYxFe(12-x)O19(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0)预烧料,再将预烧料在取向磁场下压制成型后于1295℃保温3h烧结成磁体。用X射线衍射仪对烧结磁体的相结构进行分析,用扫描电子显微镜对烧结磁体的表面形貌进行分析,用磁性能测试仪测试烧结磁体的磁性能。结果表明,随着钇掺杂量的增加,晶格常数a呈现非常微小的变化,c缓慢增大,a/c先增大后减小,晶体X射线密度dX-ray近似呈线性增加。SEM分析表明制备的磁体具备典型的六方晶系结构的形貌特征。磁性能研究表明随着钇掺杂量的增加,剩磁Br单调增加,内禀矫顽力Hcj、最大磁能积(BH)max与磁感矫顽力Hcb的变化规律均为先增大后减小;当x=1.0时,剩磁Br达到最大值420.7mT,但内禀矫顽力Hcj随之变为最小值;当x=0.75时Hcj达到最大值323.7kA·m-1,同时剩磁Br达到了410.4mT。     

快淬速度对(Nd,Pr)10.5(FeCoZr)83.5B6显微结构和磁性能的影响

采用部分过快淬加后续晶化退火处理工艺,研究了快淬速度对低稀土含量双相复合(Nd,Pr)10.5(FeCoZr)83.5B6合金显微结构和粘结磁体磁性能的影响.合金快淬转轮线速度为24,26,28和30 m·s-1,退火温度655～715℃,退火时间5～20min.快淬速度直接影响条带的显微结构和磁体磁性能.以26m·s-1速度快淬出的条带,快淬态由非晶和微晶混合组成,在700℃经10min晶化处理,可获得平均晶粒尺寸约30nm的均匀、细小显微组织,磁性能也最佳.用3.25wt%环氧树脂粘结的磁体磁性能为Br=0.703T,Hci=544 kA·m-1,Hcb=351 kA·m-1,(BH)m=70 KJ·m-3.     

2:17型Sm-Co整体辐向永磁环烧结工艺的研究

针对2:17型Sm-Co整体辐向永磁环在烧结过程中出现的问题进行了研究,并通过SEM、EDS等分析了真空预烧和烧结温度对磁体性能的影响原因.结果表明:调整合适的烧结工艺过程能有效地减少永磁环的开裂和变形;在1190℃进行真空预烧,明显改善了永磁体的性能,预烧时间在20min时,磁性能最好.烧结温度对永磁体性能有着非常重要的影响,合适的烧结温度为1220℃,烧结时间为70min.永磁体的磁性能:Br=1.08T,Hcj＞2100kA/m,(BH)max=212kJ/m3.     

Quasi-sheet multipole permanent magnets

A Rare-Earth Permanent Magnet design system with which a desired pure multipole field can be achieved by accurately deploying REPM blocks around a working region so as to generate magnetic sheet currents which follow the profile of a magnetically soft yoke is presented here. In addition to the general Quasi-Sheet Multipole model, examples of two small operating QSM quadrupoles together with a large QSM dipole are also described.     

ThMn12-Type Alloys for Permanent Magnets

Iron-rich compounds with the tetragonal ThMn₁₂-type structure have the potential to meet current demands for rare-earth-lean permanent magnets with high energy density and operating temperatures of 150–200 °C. However, while it is normal for magnet technology to lag behind the development of underlying magnetic material, this gap has always been unusually large for ThMn₁₂-type magnets. The gap has widened further in recent years, as excellent combinations of intrinsic magnetic properties have been obtained in compounds synthesized with a smaller amount of structure-stabilizing elements (e.g., SmFe₁₁V or Sm_0.8Zr_0.2Fe_9.2Co_2.3Ti_0.5) or with no such elements (i.e., SmFe_9.6Co_2.4 thin films). The search for promising compounds continues—with increasing help coming from theoretical calculations. Unfortunately, progress in the development of magnets beyond polymer-bonded interstitially modified powders remains marginal. The introduction of lanthanum (La) was found to stabilize low-melting-temperature minority phases in Sm(Fe,Ti)₁₂ alloys, thus allowing for liquid-phase sintering for the first time. The high reactivity of La, however, has apparently undermined the development of coercivity (H_c). A controlled crystallization of the initially suppressed ThMn₁₂-type phase makes “bulk” magnetic hardening possible, not only in Sm–Fe–V alloys (in which it has been known since the 1990s), but also is in La-added (Ce,Sm)(Fe,Ti)₁₂ alloys. The properties of the bulk-hardened alloys, however, remain unsatisfactory. Mechanochemically synthesized (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Si)₁₂ and (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Co,Ti)₁₂ powders may become suitable for sintering into powerful fully dense magnets, although not before a higher degree of anisotropy in both alloys and a higher H_c in the latter alloy have been developed.     

The effects of the air gap between pancake windings on the central magnetic field in a high temperature superconducting magnet

In an HTS magnet consisting of pancake windings, an air gap between the pancake windings can be used to increase the central magnetic field because the air gap increases the critical current of pancake windings. The effects of an air gap on the central magnetic field of an HTS magnet are discussed in this paper according to the various number of turns and also to the number of pancake windings. Results of calculation show the air gap could increase the central magnetic field and the field uniformity simultaneously. The optimum air gap which maximized the central magnetic field was about 4 mm at eight pancake windings and 50 turns per pancake winding. The central magnetic field increased 6.2% from 0.225 T (no air gap) to 0.239 T (4 mm air gap) at that case.     

中国NdFeB磁体产业的10周年

中国NdFeB磁体的研制始于1983年,此后全国如此众多的大学和研究所均介入NdFeB磁体的研究与开发。与此同时,NdFeB磁体的生产也迅速增长。今天中国NdFeB磁体的产量仅次于日本,位居世界第二。本文评述中国NdFeB磁体产业的发展现状和前景,以作为我国NdFeB磁体产业10年历程的纪念。     

Matrix effect in soft metal-bonded samarium-cobalt (SmCo5) permanent magnets

This paper discusses the preparation of samarium-cobalt (SmCo₅) alloy powders by reduction-diffusion process. These powders were blended with equal weight percentages of soft metal/alloy powders, such as indium, tin and solder alloy (Pb-17Sn), to prepare bonded magnets. Important magnetic properties such as remanence, coercivity and energy product of these magnets were measured. Effect of matrix metal/alloy on the magnetic properties of processed magnets is outlined.     

Research in High Magnetic Fields: The Installation at the University of Nijmegen

For research in the highest continuous and pulsed magnetic fields large, complex and powerful installations are needed. This paper describes the new 20 MW installation for continuous high magnetic fields that has been built at the University of Nijmegen. The ultra-low ripple power converter provides the capability to perform experiments up to 33 T with resistive magnets (up to 40 T with the hybrid magnet system under construction) and will be of great value for investigations in physics, chemistry and biology at the forefront of fundamental and applied research. Typically during experiments, the magnetic field is slowly varied or held constant for a period lasting from a few minutes to an hour. The cooling installation is designed to allow uninterrupted operation at maximum power for 3 hours, and when the magnetic field is being swept between zero and full field the cooling plant does not pose limits to the operation. When much higher fields are required, there is the option to go to pulsed magnetic fields with duration in the tens of milliseconds.     

高性能各向异性Sm2Fe17Nx磁粉的制备

本文研究了高性能各向异性Ｓｍ２Ｆｅ１７Ｎｘ磁粉的制备工艺路线与工艺参数。优化了制备与工艺参数。已制备出磁性能达到：Ｂｒ＝１．３９Ｔ，Ｈｃｉ＝８５０ＫＡ／ｍ和（ＢＨ）ｍ＝２３６ＫＪ／ｍ＾３的各向异性Ｓｍ２Ｆｅ１７Ｎ２．８８磁粉，该磁粉的各向异性场ＨＡ达到２０Ｔ。     

Preparation of rare earth-cobalt magnet alloy by reduction-diffusion process

Preparation of rare earth-cobalt alloys by reduction-diffusion (R-D) process is described. The process essentially involves mixing of the rare earth oxide and cobalt/cobalt oxide powders in proper proportion and high temperature reduction of the charge in hydrogen atmosphere, followed by aqueous leaching of the reduced mass to yield the alloy powder. Comparison is made of the magnetic properties of the R-D powder with those of the powder prepared by the direct melting (DM) route and it is observed from the reported values for SmCo₅ that the energy product of the R-D powder (∼ 22 MGOe) is only marginally lower than that of the Directly Melted alloy (∼ 25 MGOe). The paper also includes the results of studies carried out at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre on the preparation of misch metal-cobalt alloy by the R-D process.     

稀土类永磁材料的发展及研究动向

介绍了稀土类永磁材料R-Co系、R-Fe-B系和R-Fe-N系3个发展阶段的研究及应用现状,并讨论了通过交换耦合机制改善稀土永磁材料性能的最新研究动向.