可擦除式相变光盘研究

本文综述了作者和各国研究人员对可擦除式相变光盘的研究成果。对如何提高可擦除式相变光盘记录材料在擦除速度、室温稳定性和写/擦循环次数等方面的性能提出了一系列看法。文中指出,在选择可擦除式相变光盘材料时,为了提高擦除速度,可引入T_q/T_m小的元素如Sb,Ag,Cu,Co,Pb等;为了提高室温稳定性,可引入T_g/Tm值小,T_g值高的元素,如Cu,Co等,为了提高写/擦循环次数,可在记录膜上加镀SiO_2界面膜和ZnS SiO_2混合保护膜。文中还列举了一些性能优良的可擦除式相变光6盘记录材料和保护膜,可供有关人员参考。     

Transverse recording using thin film recording heads

This paper presents the results of an investigation of a high density magnetic recording technique utilizing a thin film recording head and a transverse mode of recording on thin media. The significant results of this investigation are as follows. 1) Densities as high as 18 500 transitions per inch were experimentally written in a 300-Å thick FeCr medium having an Hcof 70 oersteds. 2) These densities were written with a thin film, vapor-deposited, recording head having a MATED-FILM® structure with a 0.4-mil etched gap. 3) Track widths of 1-mil on 2-mil centers were experimentally achieved. 4) Optical readout of a 0.2-mil wide transition (width of beam) region corresponding to 5000 transitions per inch was achieved using a laser beam and a linear motion transport system under ideal experimental conditions. 5) The magnetic field from the Néel wall separating recording domains was detected using a MATED-FILM Etched Gap head making this a possible readout method. Maximum achieved linear bit densities as a function of recording media coercivities are given.     

Signal processing and a groove baseband recording method to achieve a high-density optical disc

We propose a method for recording a multilevel signal onto optical read-only-memory discs. In this method we use signal processing to generate a multilevel recording signal that satisfies the zero-intersymbol interference condition and the zero-dc condition. The resultant multilevel signal is emboss recorded as the position displacement of groove walls. To play back a disc, push-pull detection and an adaptive equalizer are used. We also introduce feedback to reduce the nonlinear characteristics existing in the recording and playback systems. An experimental disc with 0.6-mum track pitch and 0.28-mum/bit density is made. When a digital versatile disc equivalent optical pickup is used to play back this disc, we confirm that a two-dimensional eye pattern of 16 levels is clearly observed.     

Photochromic diarylethene for two-photon 3D optical storage

We had accomplished recording and readout of bit patterns by two-photon 3D optical storage technology using a new photochromic diarylethene, 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-methylene-n-butylamido-thien-3-yl) perfluorocyclopentene (BMMBTP), as memory medium. The photochromic reaction, both in solution and in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) amorphous film, and fluorescence property of BMMBTP were investigated.     

Dynamic optical limiting experiments on vanadium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide thin films irradiated by a laser beam

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films are irradiated by a near-infrared continuous-wave laser beam and the dynamic optical limiting performance is measured. The temperature varying with time of the films induced by a laser beam is also recorded by an IR thermal sensor. Under the irradiation of a laser beam with an intensity of 255 W/cm2 and a spot diameter of 2 mm, the laser beam transmittance of the VO2 film decreases from 47% before phase transition to 28% after phase transition, and the response time is approximately 200 ms; the laser beam transmittance of the V2O5 film decreases from 51% before phase transition to 24% after phase transition, and the response time is approximately 40 ms. The optical limiting is realized by this laser heating-induced phase transition.     

高三阶光学非线性Cd/CdS-SiO2复合薄膜的电化学–溶胶凝胶制备及表征

以硝酸镉、硫脲和正硅酸乙酯为前驱体, 采用电化学-溶胶凝胶法, 以ITO玻璃为基底制备了透明薄膜。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征表明薄膜为纳米束结构。X射线能谱(EDX)表征表明薄膜由Si、O、Cd、S元素组成, Cd/S(原子比)＞1。EDX表征结合循环伏安(CV)实验确定薄膜为Cd/CdS-SiO₂复合薄膜。Z扫描表征表明, 薄膜在1064 nm处表现出自散焦特性的非线性折射效应和饱和吸收特性的非线性吸收特性。薄膜的三阶非线性极化率(χ(3))较高, 达到了1.18×10^-14~1.39×10^-13 (m/V)², 表明薄膜具有优良的三阶光学非线性。分析认为薄膜中CdS的含量对薄膜的光学性非线性起主要作用。     

3 Gb/in2 recording demonstration with dual element headsand thin film disks

We have successfully demonstrated magnetic recording at an areal density of 3 Gb/in² with narrow track inductive-write MR-read dual element heads on low noise Co alloy thin film disks. In this demonstration, the write head is a ten turn thin film inductive head with thick and narrow P2 pole-tips. The read head is a shielded ~1 μm trackwidth MR sensor soft-film biased in the read region for linearization and exchange-biased at the tail regions for magnetic stabilization. During recording tests, the heads were flown over low noise Co-alloy media at a clearance similar to that in the previous 1 Gb/in² recording experiment. Results showed good writability from the narrow track write head in terms of overwrite and hard transition shift. Readback yields symmetrical signals as large as 600 μV (p-p) and rolloff measurements showed 50% densities as high as 5000 fc/mm. Track profile and microtrack profile measurements showed the write and read trackwidths to be ~1.4 μm and ~1.1 μm respectively, with tight side-writing and side-reading characteristics. An overall assessment of the parametric recording results suggested areal density feasibility up to as high as 3 Gb/in². This projection was confirmed by error rate performance testing using a PRML channel with a digital filter and write precompensation. At a data rate of 4-5 Mb/s and at very low ontrack error, a linear density as high as 185 Kbpi and an optimized track pitch as narrow as 1.5 μm were achieved, corresponding to an areal recording density of ~3.1 Gb/in²     

Terabyte recorded in two-photon 3D disk

1 Tbyte of data has been recorded in 200 layers inside the volume of one of our two-photon 3D disks. Each layer contains 5 Gb of data similar to the capacity of a single layer DVD. The results obtained with our high-performance 1.0 numerical aperture (NA) objective lens show a full disk recording of 1 Tbyte within a standard optical disk form factor 120 mm x 1.2 mm thick utilizing our very stable and efficient materials. Very high sensitivity materials are recorded with bit energies as low as 250 pJ/bit. Materials sensitive at 405 nm are experimentally tested by recording with a 405 nm Nichia laser diode. Results show that bit dimensions are further reduced, which enables future recordings of 5 Tbyte disk capacities by recording 25 Gb/layer, the equivalent of a Blu-ray disk capacity per layer.     

Time interval analysis errors in measuring recording mediatransition jitter

Media transition position jitter noise can be a dominant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) issue in magnetic recording systems with magnetoresistive (MR) heads and (0,k) PRML channels, since the high MR head “gain” emphasizes media jitter noise over electronic noise, and (0,k) codes are sensitive to dibit jitter. Time interval analyzer (TIA) instruments are useful for measuring transition jitter (write jitter), since they can separate write jitter from electronic noise (read jitter) with minimal synchronization and speed variation difficulties. This paper analyzes TIA errors due to read channel intersymbol interference (ISI), which occurs even though TIA measurements are made with periodic LF or HF bit patterns at equal bit intervals “T”, which should be unchanged by ISI. Theory and data show that TIA measurements underestimate jitter by as much as 40% at low channel bit density D_c≡P₅₀/T≈1.5-1.8, and overstate jitter at high density. Even though typical TIA jitter measurements are made between nonadjacent pattern pulses, these errors still occur due to ISI by unmeasured neighbor pulses. It is shown that similar errors occur with TIA electronic read jitter noise measurements. At channel densities above D_c≈2.6, channel amplification of transition jitter occurs, which may be a factor in PRML channel bit density limits     

一种基于聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯的新型全息存储材料

本文研究了一种基于聚乙烯醇/丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯的新型全息存储材料;研究了不同浓度的丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯对光聚物材料衍射效率的影响;在厚度为95μm的光聚物薄膜中当曝光能量为231mJ/cm2时获得了近75%的高衍射效率。应用Matlab软件以光化学漂白理论、角度响应曲线理论为拟合模型,进行了基于Levenberg-Marquardt算法的非线性曲线拟合;通过非线性曲线拟合研究了不同浓度的丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯对摩尔吸收系数、量子产率、折射率调制度、光聚物薄膜厚度等多个全息参数的影响;实验表明,丙烯酸-2-羟基乙酯的加入可有效增加光聚物薄膜的厚度并且改善光聚物薄膜的结构和性能,达到提升聚乙烯醇/丙烯酰胺光聚物初始材料的全息特性,改进光聚物材料全息光学数据存储容量的目地。     

Deposition of CeO2 films including areas with the different orientation and sharp border between them

Epitaxial films from one material, with sharp borders between contacting regions having different film orientation are grown on one surface of the substrate for the first time. The main reason for the deposition of thin ceria layers with mixed (001) and (111) orientations on a (1 02) sapphire substrate is determined. We suggest that this is related to the availability of surface defects which, in thin near-surface layers, deviate from stoichiometric composition. This in turn is connected with the loss of oxygen.

A technique for influencing CeO₂ film orientation is demonstrated. This involves specific preliminary processing of the substrate, and the selection of oxygen partial pressure during the deposition process.

High quality thin (30–50 nm) “protective” (001) CeO₂ epitaxial layers are prepared on (1 02) Al₂O₃. Structures comprising two epitaxial protective CeO₂ layers, orientations (001) and (111), are made on the base of (0001) and (1 02) sapphire substrates. The interface between the epitaxial layers is <1 000 nm.

Preliminary results using this method are described, and the possibility of creating a “bi-epitaxial” transition in thin YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x layers is explored.     

Laminated antiferromagnetically coupled media - optimization and extendibility

Lamination of multiple isolated magnetic layers has been shown to be an effective method to significantly increase signal-to-noise ratio in longitudinal media. These laminated media, however, are accompanied by low overwrite and wide magnetic pulse width, mainly as a result of poor writing of the bit transitions in the magnetic layer further away from the head and an offset in the transition position in the multiple magnetic layers resulting from head field spacing loss. We have demonstrated that the transition writing and transition alignment in the multiple magnetic layers of the laminated antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) media can be optimized by adjusting the magnetic anisotropy of the relevant magnetic layers to compensate for the reduction of the head field magnitude with spacing. Such optimization results in significant improvements in media recording performance, leading to successful application of this medium technology. In this paper, we will highlight some of these improvements and discuss our approaches to further improve the recording performance by reducing the thicknesses of the magnetic layers and the lamination spacer layer in the laminated AFC film stack and by introducing additional elements in the magnetic layer.     

Nonlinear signal-processing model for scalar diffraction in optical recording

A nonlinear signal-processing model is derived for the optical recording channel based on scalar diffraction theory. In this model, the signal waveform is written in closed form as an explicit function of the channel bits that are stored on an optical disk, thereby comprising both linear and nonlinear terms. Its explicit dependence on the channel bits makes this model well suited for signal-processing purposes. With the model it is also convenient to assess the importance of nonlinear contributions to the signal waveform. The model is applied for one-dimensional optical storage as well as for two-dimensional (2D) optical storage in which bits are arranged on a 2D hexagonal lattice. Signal folding is addressed as a typical nonlinear issue in 2D optical storage and can be eliminated by recording of pit marks of sizes considerably smaller than the size of the hexagonal bit cell. Further simplifications of the model with only a limited number of channel parameters are also derived.     

Phase-change optical recording: Past, present, future

We discuss specific features of Te-based compounds that made them the best materials for the phase-change data storage. It is demonstrated that the phase-change recording is due to a switch of Ge atoms between octahedral and tetrahedral symmetry positions within the Te face-centered cubic lattice. It is this nature of the transition that makes the Te-based media fast and stable. The driving force for this transition is also discussed. The chapter is concluded by introduction of a concept of the super-resolution near-field structure (super-RENS) disc that allows to reduce a bit size well below the diffraction limit and makes 100 GB/disc storage a reality.     

Possibilities of perpendicular magnetic recording

The potential of perpendicular magnetic recording using a single-pole head and a double-layered medium has been investigated theoretically by computer analysis and compared with that of longitudinal magnetic recording. In conventional longitudinal recording, a recording demagnetizing loss due to the change of magnetization mode from semicircular to circular shapes occurs with increasing recording level at high bit density. In perpendicular magnetic recording, the perpendicular magnetization mode is maintained regardless of recording level even at an extremely high bit density of 571 kFRPI. This indicates that the perpendicular recording medium has a very high recording resolution, where a single bit size approaches several diameters of the microcrystalline particles of the Co-Cr layer. An ultrahigh density at which the recording area for 1 bit will reach 1 μ² at present and 500 Å₂ in future should be possible     

Optical characterization of multilayer stacks used as phase-change media of optical disk data storage

We report results of measurements of the optical constants of the dielectric layer (ZnS-SiO2), reflecting layer (aluminum-chromium alloy), and phase-change layer (GeSbTe, AgInSbTe) used as the media of phase-change optical recording. The refractive index n and the absorption coefficient k of these materials vary to some extent with the film thickness and with the film deposition environment. We report the observed variations of optical constants among samples of differing structure and among samples fabricated in different laboratories.     

Effect of Geometry, Joule Heating, and Critical Current on the Responsivity of MOD Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors

By fabrication of several bolometric detectors on the YBCO film made of Metal-Organic Deposition (MOD) and the effect of pattering and film parameters on the optical responsivity of transition edge sensors is investigated. The low cost nonfluorine (MOD) method has been applied to fabricate YBCO thin films with different patterning parameters. The measurement results of the optical responsivity versus modulation frequency up to 100 KHz for these devices are reported.     

Thermo-magnetic recording on a Co/Pt perpendicular film by a sharp metallic probe

We studied a method of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). The recording medium is a strongly coupled Co/Pt multilayered thin film, suitable for perpendicular recording. Field emission current from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip is used as the heating source. Pulse voltages of 5?V were applied to the film. Experimental results show that an average mark size of 100-120?nm was achieved, with the minimum being 45?nm. Models of domain stability and dynamic domain formation are built to quantitatively explain the experimental results. They agree well with experiments. The models give us future directions for achieving small marks for ultra-high recording density.     

光致变色二芳烯材料的光子型光信息存储

本文合成了八种光致变色二芳烯化合物,研究了它们的光致变色性质,并综述了它们在光子型光信息存储技术中的应用.在光辐照下,这些化合物在溶液和PMMA膜中均具有良好的光致变色特性.使用这些化合物作为光存储介质,成功进行了系列高密度光子型光信息存储实验,包括全息光存储、双光子光存储和多波长光存储.结果表明:二芳烯材料是光子型全息、双光子和多波长光存储技术中可采用的最理想的存储介质之一.     

吲哚俘精酸酐实现三值偏振全息光学存储器

针对三值光计算机需要直接存储线偏振光束的问题,利用光致各向异性材料吲哚俘精酸酐对偏振态敏感的特性,提出了一种基于吲哚俘精酸酐/PMMA 薄膜的三值偏振全息数字存储方法,并建立了相应的光学存储器模型.该存储器系统采用He-Ne 激光器为记录和读出光源,以双层液晶和偏振器为核心的编码器作为三值数据的输入部件,以双CCD 为核心的解码器作为数据输出器件,采用傅里叶变换全息记录的方法,在吲哚俘精酸酐/PMMA薄膜上实现三值数字光学存储.该存储器系统可望实现直接并行存储用光束的正交线偏振态和无光态表示的三值数字信息,以及以页面为单位的并行寻址和读写操作.