沈阳城市防洪风险分析与管理系统建设

针对沈阳市防洪工程现状,介绍了浑河沈阳城市段河工模型试验研究工作,开展了城市防洪风险分析技术研究科研课题,编制了城市防洪预案,并建立了沈阳市城市防洪管理系统。     

长汀城市建设区洪水淹没风险研究

洪水淹没风险分析是进行城市防洪安全研究、合理布局城市建设用地的主要依据之一。本文基于GIS栅格数据空间分析技术,结合了传统淹没分析方法,使用长汀城市建设区地形和洪水水文数据资料,对研究区在10%、5%、2%三种频率下的洪水淹没风险进行了定量化分析,提出了城市建设用地控制原则,为城市规划中协调城市防洪安全与城市建设用地布局提供了有价值的参考。研究结果显示研究区洪水淹没风险总体上较高,城市已建设区洪水淹没风险高于其他区域。     

从1991年特大洪涝灾害谈城市防灾规划

作者从安徽省合肥等城镇在1991年特大洪涝灾害中的经验教训,分析了城市总体规划及防洪专业规划在城市防洪涝灾害中所起的作用。着重论述了不仅要有规划,而且应重视规划的科学性,这一点在防灾中具有重要意义。     

城市防洪排涝体系建设存在的问题与对策

城市防洪排涝体系建设存在着不少问题,这对于提升城市防洪排涝能力、降低灾情负面影响、保障生产生活正常进行十分不利,因此要积极探究防洪排涝体系建设问题并寻求解决对策,以改善建设管理工作现状。本文介绍了我国城市防洪排涝现状,分析了城市防洪排涝体系建设问题与对策,希望能为城市防洪排涝工作提供参考。     

比较视野下的我国城市防洪策略提升研究——对美国城市防洪经验的借鉴

近年来我国城市洪水灾害事件频发,如何快速有效地提升城市防洪抗洪能力成为当前我国城市防灾工作的重点与热点。研究以城市防洪策略为研究对象,采用对比分析的方法,通过对美国城市防洪策略与我国城市防洪体系建设现状的对比研究,总结出我国当前城市防洪策略在生态理念、智慧技术的应用与民众参与3个方面存在的不足,并由此提出我国城市防洪策略生态化、智慧化和社会化3项提升建议,以期对我国城市防洪建设作出一些理论探索与实践指导。     

浅谈城市防洪与排水技术

城市防洪排水是一项复杂的系统工程,关系着城市现代化发展。随着防洪排水技术的开发和利用,我国很多城市在防洪工程建设方面取得了可喜的发展,防洪能力逐步提高,城市化建设发展越来越快。本文以城市防洪和排水技术为研究出发点,介绍了城市防洪存在的主要问题以及城市防洪的重要性,重点分析了城市防洪技术以及排水技术。     

芜湖县城关防洪墙安全评价指标的研究与应用

本文基于质量检测的基础上结合城市防洪墙工程检测的内容对防洪墙普遍存在的问题进行了总结。通过对城市防洪墙存在的问题提出将城市防洪墙作为一个完整的系统工程去定位和思考:从收集资料入手、现场质量检测为手段、计算复核为依据,确定了城市防洪墙安全评价的主要内容。通过对城市防洪墙安全评价主要内容的分解和剖析得到城市防洪墙安全评价指标。     

城市防洪面临的问题及其对策

总结了目前我国城市防洪存在的问题 ,提出了今后城市防洪的发展对策。     

探讨城市河道整治与城市建设的融合

通过南京秦淮河整治工程成功案例,阐述了城市防洪体系与城市环境的关系。根据城市特定的河流情况和防洪特点,针对城市防洪体系与城市环境如何有效融合的问题进行了分析和探讨,以创造理想的人居环境。     

太原市城市道路积水情况分析

论述了太原市地势地貌特点及年均降雨量,结合太原市城市规划与城市管网现状,从七个方面分析了太原市城区排水系统存在的主要问题,提出了科学合理编制城市防洪排水规划,大力发展城市防洪排水设施建设的措施。     

防洪观念的变迁

洪水的防治,从来不是一个单纯的技术问题,而是与人们对待洪水的态度、观念以及时代精神紧密联系在一起的。从观念的角度.梳理了其类型与转变过程,以及欧洲在当下的实践与经验。西方发达国家的河流治理实践表明:以多目标协同发展为导向,基于全流域的生态化、自然化的主动管理模式,是从根本上解决洪水问题,实现人与自然和谐发展的必由之路。     

基坑注水设计方案实例

通过某工程注水工程实例,阐述了“水帘式注水井”设计理念应用实效,提出了粘性土地层为控制降水引起的不良后果所采取行之有效的新的注水方法,具有一定的参考价值。     

Assessment of the February 1990 Flooding in the River Tay and Subsequent Implementation of a Flood-Warning System

Between 4 and 7 February 1990, exceptionally high river flows on the River Tay resulted in widespread flooding of land and property. Roads and railway lines were rendered impassable, and villages and farms were isolated for a prolonged period. In the Tay Valley, 42 km of flood banks were overtopped and 34 km² of land were inundated.
This paper describes the extent and effects of the flooding and reviews the relevance of various factors in terms of their likely contribution to the magnitude of flooding. Flood-mitigation measures are discussed with particular attention being given to the implementation of a flood-warning system for the Tay Valley.     

对单井回灌纳入某建筑标准设计的质疑

单井回灌一个致命的缺陷是“短路”,即回灌水未充分与土壤进行热量交换就又被抽了回去。这样,随着运行过程的进行抽出的井水温度夏天逐渐升高,冬天逐渐降低,导致投资高、运行效率低、运行费用高,而且在严寒时有无法运行的可能。对于这样一个有严重缺陷的系统纳入某建筑设计标准是不妥的。     

Microbial risks associated with exposure to pathogens in contaminated urban flood water

Urban flood incidents induced by heavy rainfall in many cases entail flooding of combined sewer systems. These flood waters are likely to be contaminated and may pose potential health risks to citizens exposed to pathogens in these waters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial risk associated with sewer flooding incidents. Concentrations of Escherichia coli, intestinal enterococci and Campylobacter were measured in samples from 3 sewer flooding incidents. The results indicate faecal contamination: faecal indicator organism concentrations were similar to those found in crude sewage under high-flow conditions and Campylobacter was detected in all samples. Due to infrequent occurrence of such incidents only a small number of samples could be collected; additional data were collected from controlled flooding experiments and analyses of samples from combined sewers. The results were used for a screening-level quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). Calculated annual risks values vary from 5 × 10⁻⁶ for Cryptosporidium assuming a low exposure scenario to 0.03 for Giardia assuming a high exposure scenario. The results of this screening-level risk assessment justify further research and data collection to allow more reliable quantitative assessment of health risks related to contaminated urban flood waters.     

Decision making under deep uncertainty for adapting urban drainage systems to change

ABSTRACT

Urbanisation and climate change are augmenting the uncertainty surrounding the future state of the world’s water resource and are resulting in cities experiencing growing levels of risk of pluvial flooding. Drainage infrastructure is generally built using the paradigm of ‘predict and optimise’; however, this approach fails to account for erroneous predictions. This can result in drainage systems delivering insufficient levels of flood protection. Irrespective of these uncertainties new drainage systems must be built, and existing ones adapted in such a way that they remain reliable. This work presents a critical analysis of the drivers of change of urban pluvial flooding and the uncertainties surrounding urban flood planning; thereby highlighting the shortcomings of current planning methodologies. Different Decision Making Under Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) frameworks are then explored and it is shown that they offer an improved ability to design reliable urban flood systems regardless of highly uncertain future conditions.     

南昌市暴雨积涝仿真系统研究

在南昌市排水管网信息的基础上,研制了城市积涝的仿真模型。模型以平面二维非恒定流的基本方程和无结构不规划网格划分技术为骨架,结合一维非恒定流方程的算法,建立了南昌市城市内涝仿真模拟系统。以2003年6月一次特大暴雨过程的模拟,取得较好效果,模拟的积水网格中,误差基本在20cm以内,预报结果能满足市政排水部门的要求。     

Using legitimacy dialogues to explore responses to flooding issues in a UK catchment

A growing awareness of the potential impacts of climate change has led to the consideration of a variety of future outcomes by water supply companies, regulators and local authorities within England and Wales. These strategies recognise the possibility of episodes of flooding within catchments, with the Environment Agency's fourth Periodic Review requiring water companies to explore future demand and supply scenarios up to 2030. However, there is a gap in the literature concerning how those tasked to implement water policy, and those subject to it, view these change scenarios. This paper outlines a study undertaken within the River Nene catchment, exploring how water resource governance bodies and water users respond to flooding issues. In particular, the research focuses on the twin concepts of legitimacy and dialogue as a means to assess the boundaries of stakeholder engagement with these strategic change scenarios.     

Assessing the mitigation effect of deep tunnels on urban flooding: a case study in Guangzhou,China

ABSTRACT

There are growing demands of deep tunnels to mitigate the severe urban flooding by providing a large storage capacity for excess storm runoff. This study aims to assess the flooding mitigation effect of a deep tunnel system proposed in the old downtown of Guangzhou, China, and to quantify the flooding volume difference by two storm hyetographs, the Chicago curve and the Improved Huff curve. Results show that the flooding volume is significantly reduced by a minimum of 19% and a maximum of 42% under design storms of 10- and 0.5-year return periods, respectively, when the deep tunnel system is constructed. There is a distinct spatial pattern for the mitigation effect. The best mitigation is in the west and the immediate north of the main tunnel, whereas the east does not show significant mitigation. Moreover, the actual flooding risk is likely underestimated when the Chicago curve is employed to design the storms.     

垂直往返式冷凝器液阻速度计算与试验

分析了垂直往返式冷凝器存在的液阻现象,采用两流体模型对往返式冷凝器在垂直状态下的液阻进行研究,得出计算液阻速度的数学模型.将计算结果和试验结果进行比较,表明2种结果相近.