1美元能买什么?

<正>美国新墨西哥州摄影师JonathanBlaustein原来是一名厨师,两种职业经历让他能够更多层次地思考问题。在经济低潮时期,他看到一间餐馆的菜单上1美元能比在另外一家餐馆中多买到一个芝士汉堡,这给了他创作"1     

你的唯“1”之选?

众所周知,尼康的J1,以及之后推出的J2和J3都受到了广大用户的欢迎.它们凭借小巧的身材和多种色彩赢得了很多微单用户的青睐.不过与它们形成鲜明对比的是V1的境遇——这是一台总给人高不成低不就感觉的相机.它的价格会让初学者难以接受,但是摄影师和发烧友又嫌它不够专业.不过现在尼康推出了全新的V2,它和V1相比改进了不少. 很显然,尼康在推出V2的时候,对它的定位有所调整,其功能和价位也有所改动.目前我们认为V2主要针对要求较高的摄影发烧友,它的操控和性能可以满足苛刻的要求.同时,1系列的镜头群也逐渐丰富起来,可以给使用者更多的选择余地.     

Proteins Binding to the Carbohydrate HNK-1: Common Origins?

The human natural killer (HNK-1) carbohydrate plays important roles during nervous system development, regeneration after trauma and synaptic plasticity. Four proteins have been identified as receptors for HNK-1: the laminin adhesion molecule, high-mobility group box 1 and 2 (also called amphoterin) and cadherin 2 (also called N-cadherin). Because of HNK-1′s importance, we asked whether additional receptors for HNK-1 exist and whether the four identified proteins share any similarity in their primary structures. A set of 40,000 sequences homologous to the known HNK-1 receptors was selected and used for large-scale sequence alignments and motif searches. Although there are conserved regions and highly conserved sites within each of these protein families, there was no sequence similarity or conserved sequence motifs found to be shared by all families. Since HNK-1 receptors have not been compared regarding binding constants and since it is not known whether the sulfated or non-sulfated part of HKN-1 represents the structurally crucial ligand, the receptors are more heterogeneous in primary structure than anticipated, possibly involving different receptor or ligand regions. We thus conclude that the primary protein structure may not be the sole determinant for a bona fide HNK-1 receptor, rendering receptor structure more complex than originally assumed.     

Netrin-1 in Glioblastoma Neovascularization: The New Partner in Crime?

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common primary tumor of the central nervous system. It is characterized by having an infiltrating growth and by the presence of an excessive and aberrant vasculature. Some of the mechanisms that promote this neovascularization are angiogenesis and the transdifferentiation of tumor cells into endothelial cells or pericytes. In all these processes, the release of extracellular microvesicles by tumor cells plays an important role. Tumor cell-derived extracellular microvesicles contain pro-angiogenic molecules such as VEGF, which promote the formation of blood vessels and the recruitment of pericytes that reinforce these structures. The present study summarizes and discusses recent data from different investigations suggesting that Netrin-1, a highly versatile protein recently postulated as a non-canonical angiogenic ligand, could participate in the promotion of neovascularization processes in GBM. The relevance of determining the angiogenic signaling pathways associated with the interaction of Netrin-1 with its receptors is posed. Furthermore, we speculate that this molecule could form part of the microvesicles that favor abnormal tumor vasculature. Based on the studies presented, this review proposes Netrin-1 as a novel biomarker for GBM progression and vascularization.     

The effect of magnetic field on the impurity binding energy of shallow donor impurities in a Ga1?xInxNyAs1?y/GaAs quantum well

Using a variational approach, we have investigated the effects of the magnetic field, the impurity position, and the nitrogen and indium concentrations on impurity binding energy in a Ga_1−xIn_xN_yAs_1−y/GaAs quantum well. Our calculations have revealed the dependence of impurity binding on the applied magnetic field, the impurity position, and the nitrogen and indium concentrations.     

Natural Dibenzo-α-Pyrones: Friends or Foes?

Natural dibenzo-α-pyrones (DAPs) can be viewed from two opposite angles. From one angle, the gastrointestinal metabolites urolithins are regarded as beneficial, while from the other, the emerging mycotoxin alternariol and related fungal metabolites are evaluated critically with regards to potential hazardous effects. Thus, the important question is: can the structural characteristics of DAP subgroups be held responsible for distinct bioactivity patterns? If not, certain toxicological and/or pharmacological aspects of natural DAPs might yet await elucidation. Thus, this review focuses on comparing published data on the two groups of natural DAPs regarding both adverse and beneficial effects on human health. Literature on genotoxic, estrogenic, endocrine-disruptive effects, as well as on the induction of the cellular anti-oxidative defense system, anti-inflammatory properties, the inhibition of kinases, the activation of mitophagy and the induction of autophagy, is gathered and critically reviewed. Indeed, comparing published data suggests similar bioactivity profiles of alternariol and urolithin A. Thus, the current stratification into hazardous Alternaria toxins and healthy urolithins seems debatable. An extrapolation of bioactivities to the other DAP sub-class could serve as a promising base for further research. Conclusively, urolithins should be further evaluated toward high-dose toxicity, while alternariol derivatives could be promising chemicals for the development of therapeutics.     

Preparation of CuxCe1?xO2?x/SBA-15 catalysts and the catalytic properties of CO oxidation

Cu_xCe_1?xO_2?x/SBA-15 (x?=?0?C1) catalysts were prepared using the mesoporous silica material SBA-15 as the support. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ adsorption?Cdesorption, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction. The catalytic activity of the catalysts for the oxidation of CO was evaluated and the activation energies were obtained by avoiding internal and external diffusions. The results indicated that highly dispersed CuO was formed in the obtained catalysts when the Cu content was low. Co-impregnation with Cu and Ce salt solutions does not destroy the SBA-15 mesoporous structure. Both Cu²⁺ and Cu⁺ existed on the surface of the obtained catalysts, while the Ce⁴⁺ was the main Ce species. All the obtained catalysts showed excellent activities for the combustion of CO. CO could be totally oxidized at 187?°C at the space velocity of 48,000?mL/(g?h).     

The dimerization domain of LFB1/HNF1 related transcription factors: a hidden four helix bundle?

LFB1/HNF1 and LFB3/HNF1ß bind DNA as dimers and formheterodimers together in vivo and in vitro. The dimerizationdomain has been located in both proteins in the 32 N-terminalresidues. In previous papers we have described the conformationalstability as determined by CD and the secondary structure byNMR studies of a peptide with the amino acid sequence of thedimerization domain of LFB1/ HNF1. This study presents a morecomplete characterization of similar synthetic peptides spanningthe LFB3/HNF1ß dimerization domain and the /ßheterodimer. The HNF1 peptides represent an example of structureswhich cannot be determined by NOE data alone because they arenot sufficient to define one unique solution. An approach ispresented which combines NMR data, the protein structure databaseand structural analyses according to known principles of proteinstructure. On this basis we are able to determine possible solutionsand to identify a four helix bundle as the structure most consistentwith the experimental evidence.     

创意? 市场?

在创意集市内有位年轻人,二十六七的样子,从陶院毕业没几年,走上了陶艺创作的道路。他平时戴着鸭舌帽,黑框眼镜,很有文艺范。我第一次见他,正赶上他的新作品出炉,他很兴奋地向我介绍这批作品,不断勾勒着自己设想的未来。这是一批类似于日本清酒具的陶瓷作品。厚重的瓷胎,表面施以珍珠釉,有着很特别的质感,釉面上画着一条蓝色的渐变粗线条,颇     

转行?转型?

改革开放以来,依靠廉价的劳动力资源,陶瓷业实现了跨越式的发展.然而,受国外反倾销、国内楼市调控、通胀、卖场涨租、原材料涨价、人工成本增加等因素的影响,陶瓷产品的利润越来越小,企业生存压力越来越大,不少企业老板、经销商表示要转行. 企业压力大 流行转行 楼市低迷直接影响到其下游陶瓷产业.目前,陶瓷企业和经销商的日子越来越难过,大部分陶瓷企业承受着来自上游原材料供应商和下游客户的双重挤压.越来越多的陶瓷企业主、经销商有转行的想法.据调查,在广大二、三线城市,一半建材经销商表示生意难做,想另寻出路.一些中小企业主表示,与起早贪黑、满负荷运作却还要如履薄冰的陶瓷业相比,投资地产、矿产、股票、餐饮等产业不仅轻松,而且回报率更加可观,"这才是真正的赚钱!" 随着楼市继续走低,遮一现象将不会在短时间内得到改观.     

SOAT1: A Suitable Target for Therapy in High-Grade Astrocytic Glioma?

Targeting molecular alterations as an effective treatment for isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) patients has not yet been established. Sterol-O-Acyl Transferase 1 (SOAT1), a key enzyme in the conversion of endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol to esters for storage in lipid droplets (LD), serves as a target for the orphan drug mitotane to treat adrenocortical carcinoma. Inhibition of SOAT1 also suppresses GBM growth. Here, we refined SOAT1-expression in GBM and IDH-mutant astrocytoma, CNS WHO grade 4 (HGA), and assessed the distribution of LD in these tumors. Twenty-seven GBM and three HGA specimens were evaluated by multiple GFAP, Iba1, IDH1 R132H, and SOAT1 immunofluorescence labeling as well as Oil Red O staining. To a small extent SOAT1 was expressed by tumor cells in both tumor entities. In contrast, strong expression was observed in glioma-associated macrophages. Triple immunofluorescence labeling revealed, for the first time, evidence for SOAT1 colocalization with Iba1 and IDH1 R132H, respectively. Furthermore, a notable difference in the amount of LD between GBM and HGA was observed. Therefore, SOAT1 suppression might be a therapeutic option to target GBM and HGA growth and invasiveness. In addition, the high expression in cells related to neuroinflammation could be beneficial for a concomitant suppression of protumoral microglia/macrophages.     

TRPA1 Role in Inflammatory Disorders: What Is Known So Far?

The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a member of the TRP superfamily of channels, is primarily localized in a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons of the trigeminal, vagal, and dorsal root ganglia, where its activation mediates neurogenic inflammatory responses. TRPA1 expression in resident tissue cells, inflammatory, and immune cells, through the indirect modulation of a large series of intracellular pathways, orchestrates a range of cellular processes, such as cytokine production, cell differentiation, and cytotoxicity. Therefore, the TRPA1 pathway has been proposed as a protective mechanism to detect and respond to harmful agents in various pathological conditions, including several inflammatory diseases. Specific attention has been paid to TRPA1 contribution to the transition of inflammation and immune responses from an early defensive response to a chronic pathological condition. In this view, TRPA1 antagonists may be regarded as beneficial tools for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.     

Nucleobindin-2/Nesfatin-1—A New Cancer Related Molecule?

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and even tumors with similar clinicopathological characteristics show different biology, behavior, and treatment responses. As a result, there is an urgent need to define new prognostic and predictive markers to make treatment options more personalized. According to the latest findings, nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 (NUCB2/NESF-1) is an important factor in cancer development and progression. Nucleobindin-2 is a precursor protein of nesfatin-1. As NUCB2 and nesfatin-1 are colocalized in each tissue, their expression is often analyzed together as NUCB2. The metabolic function of NUCB2/NESF-1 is related to food intake, glucose metabolism, and the regulation of immune, cardiovascular and endocrine systems. Recently, it has been demonstrated that high expression of NUCB2/NESF-1 is associated with poor outcomes and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in, e.g., breast, colon, prostate, endometrial, thyroid, bladder cancers, or glioblastoma. Interestingly, nesfatin-1 is also considered an inhibitor of the proliferation of human adrenocortical carcinoma and ovarian epithelial carcinoma cells. These conflicting results make NUCB2/NESF-1 an interesting target of study in the context of cancer progression. The present review is the first to describe NUCB2/NESF-1 as a new prognostic and predictive marker in cancers.     

技术乎?艺术乎?

爱因斯坦讲过:"想象力比知识更重要.因为知识是有限的,而想象力则概括了世界上的一切,它不仅推动着社会的进步,而且也是知识进化的源泉".     

Catalyst-free direct vapor-phase growth of Zn1?xCuxO micro-cross structures and their optical properties

We report a simple catalyst-free vapor-phase method to fabricate Zn_1−xCu_xO micro-cross structures. Through a series of controlled experiments by changing the location of the substrate and reaction time, we have realized the continuous evolution of product morphology from nanorods into brush-like structures and micro-cross structures at different positions, together with the epitaxial growth of branched nanorods from the central stem with the time extended. The growth mechanism of the Zn_1−xCu_xO micro-cross structures has been proposed to involve the synthesis of Cu/Zn square-like core, surface oxidation, and the secondary growth of nanorod arrays. By the detailed structural analysis of the yielded Zn_1−xCu_xO samples at different locations, we have shown that the CuO phases were gradually formed in Zn_1−xCu_xO, which is significant to induce the usual ZnO hexagonal structures changing into four-folded symmetrical hierarchical micro-cross structures. Furthermore, the visible luminescence can be greatly enhanced by the introduction of Cu, and the observed inhomogeneous cathode luminescence in an individual micro-cross structure is caused by the different distributions of Cu.