Coupling and cross-talk effects in 12-15 microm diameter single-mode fiber arrays for simultaneous transmission and photon collection from scattering media

We examine signal degradation effects in fiber arrays from fiber-to-fiber coupling and from cross talk attributable to backscatter from the sample medium originating from adjacent fibers in the array. An analysis of coupling and cross talk for single-mode fibers (SMFs) operating at 1310 nm with different core diameters, interaction lengths, core center spacing, and numerical apertures (NAs) is evaluated. The coupling was evaluated using beam propagation algorithms and cross talk was analyzed by using Monte Carlo methods. Several multimode fiber types that are currently used in fiber image guides were also evaluated for comparative purposes. The analysis shows that an optimum NA and core diameter can be found for a specific fiber center separation that maximizes the directly backscattered signal relative to the cross talk. The coupling between fibers can be kept less than -35 dB for interaction lengths less than 5 mm. The calculations were compared to an experimentally fabricated SMF array with 15 microm center spacing and showed good agreement. The experimental fiber array without a lens was also used in a coherent detection configuration to measure the position of a mirror. Accurate depth ranging up to a distance of 250 microm from the tip of the fiber was achieved, which was five times the Rayleigh range of the beam emitted from the fiber.     

Measurement and Modeling of Thermal Effects on Magnetic Hysteresis of Soft Ferrites

We present experimental measurement of thermal effects on magnetic hysteresis of soft ferrite cores commonly used in high-frequency inductors and transformers and propose a method to model the thermal effects. We measured the major hysteresis loops of soft ferrite core samples from various vendors at different temperatures, and found that the saturation points of the limiting hysteresis loops vary with the temperature substantially in a nonlinear manner, but within the normal operating temperature range, typically 20degC-100degC, this variation can be approximately regarded as linear with an acceptable error. We propose a simple method based on this approximation for determining the limiting hysteresis loop of a soft ferrite for a given temperature. This method is validated by the substantial agreement between the experimental measurement and simulation by the scalar Preisach hysteresis model of major hysteresis loops of the test samples at different temperatures. Since most manufacturers provide the limiting loops of their soft ferrite cores at two typical temperatures, the proposed method is very convenient for engineering applications.     

The Effect of Temperature on the Accuracy of Microwave Moisture Measurements on Sandstone Cores

Measurements have been made to determine the effect of temperature on the accuracy of moisture measurements in round berea sandstone cores using X-band microwaves. It is shown here that a temperature variation of a few degrees in the core may introduce inaccuracies of more than 5 percent in water-content measurements.     

Angle-multiplexed holographic data storage with minimum cross talk noise

The cross talk noise-to-signal ratio (NSR) of an angle-multiplexed holographic data storage system is studied, and we propose a method to determine the optimized multiplexing spacing with which the cross talk noise can be less than the conventional method. In our method, the optimization location at the image plane can be chosen arbitrarily, so the multiplexing of asymmetrical image patterns can be optimized. In particular, we investigate the 90° scheme and the transmission scheme angle multiplexing. For the 90° scheme, a holographic medium with a higher refractive index is recommended for cross talk-limited multiplexing. For the transmission scheme, a holographic medium with a lower refractive index is recommended for angular range-limited multiplexing. In addition, for the transmission scheme, a larger angle between the object arm and the reference arm results in less cross talk noise, whereas the highest storage density is achieved at a 45° angle.     

Multilayered optical memory with bits stored as refractive index change. III. Numerical results of a conventional multilayered optical memory

In terms of the electromagnetic theories described in Part I of our current investigations [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24, 1776 (2007)] and in [Opt. Express 16, 2797 (2008)], the characteristics of the cross talk and the modulation contrast and the variation of the power of the readout signals with the scanning position along the track are investigated in detail by computer simulations for a conventional multilayered optical memory (CMOM), where the two cases, i.e., the storage medium being homogenous and planar stratified homogenous, are considered. Results show that the feature sizes of bits, the distances between the two adjacent tracks, and the thickness of layers have significant effects on the cross talk and the modulation contrast. The polarization of the reading light also has significant effects on the cross talk, whereas it has only slight effects on the modulation contrast. Moreover, for a CMOM, the optimal polarization of the reading light is suggested.     

芯模参数对3A21矩形管绕弯截面变形的影响研究

为解决截面变形对铝合金薄壁矩形波导管通信信号传输质量的影响,基于ABAQUS/Explicit平台建立了3A21铝合金薄壁矩形管绕弯成形三维有限元模型,并试验验证了该模型的可靠性,在此基础上模拟研究了芯模参数对截面变形的影响规律.研究结果表明:增加芯头个数、增大芯头厚度以及芯头间间距,截面变化率减小,而增大芯头圆弧角度,截面变化率增大;当芯模支撑角度不变时,芯头个数和芯头厚度的改变仍会对截面变形产生很大影响,芯头厚度越大,管坯的截面变形程度越小.     

退火对玻璃包覆Fe_(69)Co_(10)Si_8B_(13)非晶微丝磁性能及力学性能的影响

研究了退火对玻璃包覆Fe69Co10Si8B13非晶合金微丝磁性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,退火温度为450℃时,矫顽力和剩磁比最小,轴向和径向矫顽力分别为1.8Oe和8.5Oe,比退火前降低了31%和36%,轴向和径向剩磁比分别为0.031和0.012,比退火前降低了74%和63%。当退火温度低于450℃时,芯丝抗拉强度基本保持不变,平均抗拉强度约2500MPa;当退火温度高于450℃时,芯丝抗拉强度迅速降低。未退火及退火温度低于450℃退火时,合金芯丝断口存在少量的脉状花样,且脉状花样及花样交叉的数量越多,所对应的芯丝抗拉强度越高;经500℃以上退火后,放射状撕裂区占芯丝断口大部分面积,芯丝表现出更大的脆性。在450℃20min条件下退火,微丝具有较低的矫顽力和较高的强度,综合性能优良。     

A gamma-level portable ring-core magnetometer

A four-transistor circuit is described for a battery operated magnetometer that has 0.1γ resolution using 1-in diameter 4-79 or 6-81 Mo-Permalloy tape cores of 20-40 Mx capacity. The center-tapped drive winding also serves as the sense winding, simplifying the sensor assembly. Some signal-to-noise results are presented to illustrate the fairly wide difference that may exist between cores of the same cross section and to demonstrate the advantage of reducing core area.     

新型光隔离器结构设计与实验性能测试

提出一种功能复用光隔离器设计方案。在传统光隔离器中加入了透镜对,两透镜间拥有一个相邻共焦面,具有空间光交叉功能,能实现功能复用光隔离器输入输出多尾纤之间的对应耦合;二者结合组成空间复用功能系统,使光隔离器具有功能复用的作用。该光隔离器的主要性能测量结果表明,所设计的1550nm双通道功能复用光隔离器两个通道的插入损耗分别为0.43dB和0.31dB,隔离度分别为43dB和40dB,两个功能隔离器之间的串扰都大于60dB,达到了隔离器需要满足的性能指标,在低插损、高隔离的基础上具有功能复用效用。     

基于谱元法的加筋双层板声透射分析

首先应用谱元法(SEM)建立简支加筋双层板结构在简谐平面声波激励下的振动响应分析模型,将所得结果与有限元法(FEM)计算结果对比,表明谱元法(SEM)在求解该类问题时具有精度高和求解速度快的优点。然后应用Rayleigh积分求解加筋双层板结构路径传声的透射声功率。在筋板截面面积不变的约束条件下,研究筋板倾角与面板间距在声波正入射情况下对透射侧面板辐射声功率的影响。结果表明:筋板倾角越大,加筋双层板的透射声功率越小;在倾角小于22o的情况下,隔声性能随着面板间距的减小而提高。分析结果对加筋双层板的结构设计与隔声优化具有一定的指导意义。     

CdSe/Cd1−x Zn x S core/shell quantum dots with tunable emission: growth and morphology evolution

We demonstrate an organic synthesis to fabricate hydrophobic core/shell CdSe/Cd_1?x Zn _x S quantum dots (QDs) with tunable photoluminescence (PL) between green and red at relatively low temperature using trioctylphosphine S reacted directly with cadmium and zinc acetate. A seeded growth strategy was used for preparing large CdSe cores. Large CdSe cores revealed a rod-like morphology while small one exhibited a spherical shape. Being coated with a Cd_1?x Zn _x S shell on spherical CdSe cores with an average size of 3.9 nm in diameter, core/shell QDs exhibited a cubic morphology (a length of 5 nm). In contrast, the core/shell QDs created using a small core (3.3 nm in diameter) show a spherical morphology. Namely, the anisotropic aggregation behavior of CdS monomers on CdSe cores occurs when the rod-like core is coated with a Cd_1?x Zn _x S shell. CdS interlayer plays an important role for such morphology evolution because all CdSe cores with a pure ZnS shell exhibited a spherical morphology. The PL properties of CdSe/Cd_1?x Zn _x S core/shell QDs depended strongly on the size and morphology of the cores. The QDs revealed a narrow and tunable PL spectrum. It is believed that this facile strategy can be extended to synthesize other core–shell QDs at low temperature.     

Cross-talk reduction by correcting the subpixel position in a multiview autostereoscopic three-dimensional display based on a lenticular sheet

A method is proposed to alleviate the cross talk in multiview autostereoscopic three-dimensional displays based on a lenticular sheet. We analyze the positional relationship between subpixels on the image panel and the lenticular sheet. According to this relationship, optimal synthetic images are synthesized to minimize cross talk by correcting the positions of subpixels on the image panel. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly reduces the cross talk of view images and improves the quality of stereoscopic images.     

Effects of indented interframe cross talk in charge-coupled device detection of discrete displays

By considering CCD detection as a spatiotemporal sampling process and considering electronically addressed liquid-crystal display's (LCD's) and cathode ray tube (CRT) display's as discrete displays, we investigate the frame-grabbing process for CCD detection of discrete displays by using CRT-CCD and LCD-CCD models. Because of the nature of the timing for pixel addressing in the CRT, line addressing in the LCD, and frame transfer in the CCD, it is found that CCD frames suffer from indented interframe cross talk of the displayed input frames. This indented cross talk occurs regardless of whether a synchronizing signal is utilized. Cross talk typically takes place between two or three input frames. Indented interframe cross talk does not affect CCD detection for frame refreshing. However, cross talk increases as the interframe difference between successive displayed input frames increases.     

Multilayered optical memory with bits stored as refractive index change. II. Numerical results of a waveguide multilayered optical memory

In terms of the electromagnetic theory described in Part I of our current investigations [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A24, 1776 (2007)], the numerical method for and results of numerical computations corresponding to the electromagnetic theory of a waveguide multilayered optical memory are presented. Here the characteristics of the cross talk and the modulation contrast, the power of readout signals, the variation of the power of the readout signals with the scanning position along the track, and the distribution of the light intensity at the detector are investigated in detail. Results show that the polarization of the reading light, the feature sizes of bits, and the distances between the two adjacent tracks and the two adjacent bits on the same track have significant effects on the distribution of the light intensity at the detector, the power of the readout signals, the cross talk, and the modulation contrast. In addition, the optimal polarization of the reading light is also suggested.     

Multiplexing of optical fiber gas sensors with a frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique

We report on the use of a frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique for multiplexing optical fiber gas sensors. The sensor network is of a ladder topology and is interrogated by a tunable laser. The system performance in terms of detection sensitivity and cross talk between sensors was investigated and found to be limited by coherent mixing between signals from different channels. The system performance can be improved significantly by use of appropriate wavelength modulation-scanning coupled with low-pass filtering. Computer simulation shows that an array of 37 acetylene sensors with a detection accuracy of 2000 parts in 10(6) for each sensor may be realized. A two-sensor acetylene detection system was experimentally demonstrated that had a detection sensitivity of 165 parts in 10(6) for 2.5-cm gas cells (or a minimum detectable absorbance of 2.1 x 10(-4)) and a cross talk of -25 dB.     

Organic-dye-coupled magnetic nanoparticles encaged inside thermoresponsive PNIPAM Microcapsules

We present a new approach for the fabrication of thermoresponsive polymer microcapsules with mobile magnetic cores that undergo a volume phase-transition upon changing the temperature and are collected under an external magnetic field. We have prepared organic/inorganic composite microspheres with a well-defined core-shell structure that are composed of a crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shell and silica cores dotted centrally by magnetite nanoparticles. Since the infiltration of template-decomposed products is dependent on the permeability of PNIPAM shells triggered by changes of exterior temperature, the silica layer sandwiched between the magnetic core and the PNIPAM shell was quantitatively removed to generate PNIPAM microcapsules with mobile magnetic cores by treatment with aqueous NaOH solution. For development of the desired multifunctional microcapsules, modification of the unetched silica surface interiors can be realized by treatment with a silane coupling agent containing functional groups that can easily bind to catalysts, enzymes, or labeling molecules. Herein, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), which is a common organic dye, is attached to the insides of the mobile magnetic cores to give PNIPAM microcapsules with FITC-labeled magnetic cores. In this system, it can be expected that an extension of the functionalization of the cavity properties of smart polymer microcapsules is to immobilize other target molecules onto the mobile cores in order to introduce other desired functions in the hollow cage.     

Fe-Si-Al复合磁粉芯制备工艺的研究

模压成型制备Fe-Si-Al复合磁粉芯,研究了热处理条件及绝缘包覆处理对复合磁粉芯磁性能的影响.实验结果表明:压制后的退火处理能够有效地提高Fe-Si-Al磁粉芯的磁性能;增加退火温度能够提高样品的有效磁导率,减少磁滞损耗;过高的退火温度(＞660℃) 能够恶化粒子间的绝缘层,降低磁特性;Fe-Si-Al磁粉芯的最佳退...     

Autostereoscopic three-dimensional display based on two parallax barriers

An autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display composed of a flat-panel display, two parallax barriers, and a backlight panel is proposed. Parallax barrier 1, located between the backlight panel and the flat-panel display, divides the lights to create the perception of stereoscopic images. Parallax barrier 2, located between the flat-panel display and the viewers, acts as the function of decreasing the cross talk of the stereoscopic images. The operation principle of the display and the calculation equations for the parallax barriers are described in detail. An autostereoscopic 3D display prototype is developed. The prototype presents high-quality stereoscopic images. At the optimal viewing distance, it presents stereoscopic images without cross talk. At other viewing distances, it has less cross talk than a conventional autostereoscopic 3D display based on one parallax.     

Design, fabrication, and evaluation of a multichannel diffractive optic rotary joint

A multichannel diffractive optic rotary joint was designed, fabricated by electron-beam lithography, and evaluated with regard to cross talk and to output signal power variations. High cross-talk margin (>25 dB) and low output signal power variations (<2 dB) were achieved. The sensitivity to input-light-beam wavelength uncertainty was investigated. Two design examples are presented. The first design eliminates cross talk due to unwanted diffraction orders and shows that for a ten-channel joint the wavelength uncertainty of an 850-nm emitting laser must be less than 8 nm. In the second design cross talk due to the second diffraction order is permitted, which results in a tolerance level that is three times better for wavelength uncertainty.     

Effect of magnetic pickups on the input transformers of measuring devices

Summary The asymmetry coefficient for all types of transformers depends on the core permeability, which in turn depends on the ratio ofl _av/s or D_av/s. In order to reduce core permeability, it is necessary to select toroidal cores with a small diameter and a large cross section, and provide laminas of O-shaped and shell-type cores with a shape to make these cores short and large in cross section.Under actual operating conditions, transformers with toroidal cores provide a higher immunity from noise. For the same designs, sizes, and relative parameter dispersions, the transformers with toroidal and O-shaped cores have a ratio of _max equal to 1.6. In shell-type transformers it is imperative to take into account the polarity of their windings on which the transformer's noise stability depends to a great extent.