阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的研制

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺是一种用途广泛的有机高分子聚合物,其分子量和阳离子度是决定其性能的重要指标。在氧化-还原引发体系中,以丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为单体共聚合成了阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺聚合物(CPAM),考察了反应温度、酸碱度、引发剂、单体及阳离子单体浓度等因素对CPAM分子量和阳离子度的影响。结果表明,较高分子量和阳离子度CPAM的最佳聚合条件为:聚合单体浓度为35%,阳离子单体的含量约15%,引发剂0.4%,反应体系温度35℃,pH值为6左右。     

反相乳液聚合制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微粒的研究

以丙烯酰胺（AM）和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DMC）为单体,通过反相乳液聚合法合成了P（DMC—AM）共聚物。在正交试验的基础上,考察了乳化剂质量分数、引发剂质量分数、单体质量分数、pH值、油水比以及反应时间等因素对产物特性黏数的影响。得到的较佳工艺条件为：乳化剂质量分数7．3％、引发剂质量分数200×10^-6、单体质量分数45％、pH值3．0、油水比1：2及反应时间4h,在上述条件下,所得产物的特性黏数可达7．617dL／g。采用FT—IR对产物结构进行了表征,并通过粒度分布仪对粒子粒径分布进行了分析,利用透射电镜观察了反相乳液粒子的形貌。     

反相乳液聚合制备阳离子型高分子絮凝剂P(DMC-AM)

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为共聚单体,石蜡为连续相,Span80和OP10为复合型乳化剂,通过反相乳液聚合制备高分子阳离子共聚物P(DMC-AM),研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂用量、单体质量分数、油水质量比以及聚合体系pH值等聚合条件对聚合物相对分子质量的影响.最佳工艺条件为:引发剂V-50用量为1.4‰、乳化剂用量为6%,EDTA-2Na用量为1.0‰、亲水亲油平衡值为6、单体质量分数为40%、单体配比为n(DMC):n(AM)=5:95,油水质量比为1.1:1.0,pH值为5、反应温度为50℃及反应时间为4 h.在上述条件下,所得产物的相对分子质量可达589×10~4.并通过FT-IR和DSC-TGA对产物结构和热稳定性进行表征.     

丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺氧化还原体系的反相乳液聚合

采用白油为连续相,以Span-80/OP-10为复合乳化剂,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂进行丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺反相乳液共聚,探讨了单体浓度、复合乳化剂配比及浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度对共聚反应的影响。结果表明：在反应单体AM：AA比为4：1,占乳液质量分数的20%,复合乳化剂Span-80与OP-10质量比为7：3、占乳液质量分数的6%,引发剂用量占乳液质量分数的0.25%,反应温度40℃,反应时间3h的条件下,单体的转化率较佳,可达92.7%。并对共聚物进行了IR、DTA分析和表征。     

丙烯酰胺氧化-还原引发体系反相乳液聚合

以过硫酸钾和亚硫酸钠为引发剂,Span-80和OP-10为乳化剂,进行了丙烯酰胺的反相乳液聚合研究;对合成产物进行了FT-IR、线粒径分布测试和表征;探讨了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量以及油相与水相体积比对转化率的影响。研究结果表明,反应温度30℃,反应时间4 h,油水体积比4∶1,引发剂[n(过硫酸钾)∶n(亚硫酸钠)=1∶1]用量为单体质量的0.5%(质量分数),乳化剂[m(OP-10)∶m(Span-80)=1∶1]用量为单体质量的8.0%(质量分数),在此工艺条件下,单体转化率达98.8%,乳胶体积平均粒径112μm。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺水处理剂

本文采用由氧化还原体系、偶氮化合物和辅助引发剂组成的复合引发体系,通过水溶液自由基共聚合,引发丙烯酰胺与阳离子单体反应得到阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,该产品可用于水处理絮凝剂。阳离子聚丙烯酰胺相对分子质量最高可达2.276×107,阳离子单体质量分数可在1%～100%范围内任意调控。考察了pH值,引发剂浓度、单体质量分数、引发温度和辅助引发剂等添加剂用量对聚合反应的影响。通过正交实验,确定了优化工艺参数;引发剂浓度,6×10-3%(对单体);单体质量分数,20%;pH值,8;引发温度,10℃;四甲基乙二胺浓度,6×10-2%;偶氮二异丁腈浓度,8×10-3%。     

反相乳液聚合制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺及其絮凝性能评价

研究了单体浓度、单体配比、反应温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量等因素对所制备的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺特性粘度、转化率、阳离子度的影响，对产品的污水絮凝性能进行了评价。较佳的制备条件为：单体浓度为45％，单体配比为7／3，引发剂用量为m（引发剂）／m（单体）=0．5／100，引发温度为45T：。用红外光谱对共聚物进行了结构表征。对共聚物进行了油田污水絮凝性能评价，研究表明单独使用时的浊度去除率为86．22％，COD去除率为87．95％，与聚合氯化铝复配使用时的浊度去除率为92．91％，COD去除率为92．68％。     

反相乳液聚合法合成淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺的工艺研究

研究以玉米淀粉为原料,反相乳液体系中淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚反应规律。考察引发剂浓度、乳化剂用量、丙烯酰胺单体与玉米淀粉质量比接枝共聚反应的影响。通过单因素实验,获得最佳工艺条件:引发剂浓度为6mmol/L,乳化剂用量5%,丙烯酰胺单体与玉米淀粉的质量比为1.5∶1。在此条件下,可制备得到单体转化率95.46%、接枝效率88.12%、特性粘度410 mL/g的接枝共聚物,该接枝物比相对分子质量500万的聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝性能更好,在用量为25 mg/L时,对高岭土水样的浊度去除率达到88.6%。     

微乳阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂研制

以SPNA+TWEEN为复合乳化剂,进行丙烯酰胺反相微乳液聚合,探讨了乳化剂浓度、反应温度、引发剂浓度对聚合物分子量的影响,在得到的微胶乳中探讨了聚丙烯酰胺的Mannich反应的工艺条件,研究了温度、原料配比对产物胺化度和稳定性的影响.得到了较大分子量、阳离子度和很好稳定性的聚合物,可代替干粉产品.     

光敏引发AM-DAC共聚物的合成研究

以丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）为原料,在紫外光照射和水溶性复合光敏引发剂作用下,通过水溶液自由基共聚法合成了阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺共聚物（CPAM）。探讨了光敏引发合成过程中复合光敏引发剂用量、单体质量分数、单体配比及乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA-2Na）用量等因素对聚合物相对分子质量、转化率、阳离子度、溶解时间等的影响。得出最佳反应条件为：单体质量分数20%,DAC与AM摩尔比为1∶9,复合光敏引发剂质量分数为0.05%,EDTA-2Na为单体质量的0.03%。运用红外光谱仪对聚合物的结构进行了分析表征。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997