Effect of CaO doping on corrosion resistance of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

The CaO-doped Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anodes were prepared by the cold isostatie pressing-sintering process, and their corrosion resistance to Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-Al203 melt was studied. The results show that the relative density of 5Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet sintered at 1 200 ℃ increases from 82.83% to 97.63% when 2% CaO （mass fraction） is added. During the electrolysis, the relative density of cermet inert anode descends owing to the chemical dissolution of additive CaO at ceramic grain boundary, which accelerates the penetration of electrolyte. Thus, the corrosion resistance to melts of Cu/（NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermet inert anode is reduced. To improve the corrosion resistance of the cermet inert anode, the content of CaO doped should be decreased and the technology of cleaning the ceramic grain boundary should be applied.     

Effect of CaO doping on mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics

The CaO doped 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics were prepared by the cold isostatic pressing-sintering process, and the effects of CaO content on the phase composition, mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics were studied. The results show that the samples mainly consist of NiO and NiFe2O4 when content of CaO is less than 4%（mass fraction）, bending strength increases obviously by CaO doping. Bending strength of the samples doped with 2% CaO is above 185 MPa, but that of the samples without CaO is only 60 MPa. Fracture toughness is improved obviously by CaO doping, the samples doped with 2% CaO have the maximum fracture toughness of 2.12 MPa·m^1/2, which is about two times of that of the undoped ceramics. CaO doping is bad to thermal shock resistance of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composite ceramics.     

Effect of metallic phase species on the corrosion resistance of 17M/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet inert anode of aluminum electrolysis

1 INTRODUCTIONThere are many disadvantages in the presentaluminumelectrolysis with carbon anode ,such assevere energy consumption,carbon wasting,envi-ronmental pollution and so on.Inert electrode sys-tem can overcome these disadvantages[1 3]. Re-cently ,the researches of the inert anode materialshave mainly been concentrated on alloys[4]and cer-met materials[5 ,6]. NiFe2O4based cermets , whichpossess not only high electrical conductivity ofmetal but also good corrosion resistance of cera…     

Effect of electrolysis superheat degree on anticorrosion performance of 5 Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet inert anode

5Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4) cermet inert anodes were prepared by cold-pressing and sintering process, and the effect of superheat degree of melting K3AlF6-Na3AlF6-AlF3 on their anticorrosion performance was studied under electrolysis conditions. The results show that, the fluctuation of cell becomes small with increasing of superheat degree, which is helpful to inhibit the formation of cathodic encrustation; the concentration of impurities from inert anode in bath goes up to certain degree, but it is far smaller than those in traditional high-temperature bath. Increasing the superheat degree of melting K3AlF6-Na3AlF6-AlF3 has unconspicuous effect on the contents of impurities in cathodic aluminum. The total mass fractions of Fe, Ni and Cu in aluminum are 15.38% and 15.09% respectively under superheat degree of 95 and 195 ℃. From micro-topography of anode used view, increasing the superheat degree can aggravate corrosion of metal Cu in inert anode, and has negative influence on electrical conductivity of electrode to some extent.     

Sintering of the NiFe2O4-10NiO/xNi Cermet

The sintering behavior of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/xNi cermet which was used as the most prospective inert anode materials for aluminum electrolysis was studied by examining the effects of raw powder particle size, sintering temperature, and the contents of Ni. The results show that fine particle size enables the powder to have high driving force for sintering. High temperature is beneficial to densification, but the ultra-high temperature does harm to the improvement of the density. The samples of NiFe2O4-10NiO/SNi has the highest relative density of 97.28 % when it is sintered at 1 350 ℃, but it decreases to 95.23 % when sintered at 1 400 ℃. Low addition of Ni has a great help to the sintering of NiFe2 O4-10NiO matrix. When the samples are sintered at 1 350 ℃ and the mass fraction of Ni is 5%, the highest relative density is gained, but the density decreases with the further increase of Ni contents. The low density of the sintered samples of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/17Ni is attributed to the high volume fraction of pores.     

银覆盖层对自旋阀三明治结构巨磁电阻的影响

采用射频磁控溅射方法，制备了NiFe/Cu/CoFe和CoFe/Cu/CoFe/NiO两种不同结构类型的自旋阀.当
使用Ag作为镜面覆盖层时，发现当Ag厚度大约在2.0～2.4 nm时，不同结构的自旋阀样品NiFe/Cu/CoFe和
CoFe/Cu/CoFe/NiO的巨磁电阻（GMR）都有较大幅度的提高.对Ag(tAg nm)/NiFe(6 nm)/Cu(2.2 nm)/CoFe
(4 nm)结构自旋阀，当tAg＝2 nm时，样品的GMR达到3.4 ％；对Ag(tAg nm)/CoFe(4 nm)/Cu(2.2 nm)/
CoFe(4 nm)/NiO(70 nm)结构自旋阀，当tAg＝2.4 nm时，样品的GMR从6.9 ％提高到8.3 ％.应用半经典理
论对银覆盖层的镜面反射作用进行了解释.     

Preparation and properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe_2O_4 cermet

1INTRODUCTION NiFe2O4cermets,whichareexpectedtobe usedastheinertanodesforaluminumelectrolysis, havelowcorrosionandoxidation,goodelectricalconductivityandhighthermalshockresistance[15]. Nickelferritespinelformsacorrosion resistant networkthatcontainstheelectricallyconductivecopper basedmetallicphase.Especially,Gregget al[6]foundacermetofNiFe2O4 18%NiO 17%Cu (massfraction),whichshowedfavorablecorrosion andconductivitypropertiesasinertanodesinsmalllaboratorycells.However,itwasalsoshowedth…     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Pb-0.3wt%Ag/Pb-WC composite inert anodes

We prepared Pb-0.3wt%Ag/Pb-WC(WC stands for tungsten carbide,the same below) composite inert anodes by double-pulse electrodeposition on the surface of Pb-0.3wt%Ag substrates,and investigated the electrochemical properties of the composite inert anodes,which were obtained under different forward pulse average current densities from 2 A/dm~2 to 5 A/dm~2 and WC concentrations from 0 g/L to 40 g/L in bath.The kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution,corrosion potential and corrosion current of the composite inert anodes were obtained in a synthetic zinc electrowinning electrolyte of 50 g/L Zn~(2+) and 150 g/L H_2SO_4 at 35 ℃,by measuring the anodic polarization curves,Tafel polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry curves.The results show that Pb-0.3wt% Ag/Pb-WC composite inert anodes obtained under forward pulse average current density of 3 A/dm~2 and WC concentration of 30 g/L in an original acid plating bath,possess higher electrocatalytic activity of oxygen evolution,lower overpotential of oxygen evolution,better reversibility of electrode reaction and corrosion resistance in [ZnSO_4+H_2SO_4] solution.The overpotential of oxygen evolution of the composite inert anode is 0.926 V under 500 A/m~2 in [ZnSO_4+H_2SO_4] solution,and 245 mV lower than that of Pb-1% Ag alloy;the corrosion current of the composite inert anode is 0.95×10~(-4)A which is distinctly lower than that of Pb-1%Ag alloy,showing the excellent corrosion resistance.     

Interface chemical states of NiO/NiFe films and their effects on magnetic properties

Ta/NiOx/Ni81Fe19/Ta multilayers were prepared by rf reactive and dc magnetron sputtering. The exchange coupling field ( Hex) and the coercivity ( Hc) of NiOx/Ni81Fe19 as a function of the ratio of Ar to O2 during the deposition process were studied. The composition and chemical states at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe were also investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique. The results show that the ratio of Ar to O2 has great effect on the nickel chemical states in NiOx film. When the ratio of Ar to O2 is equal to 7 and the argon sputtering pressure is 0.57 Pa, the x value is approximately 1 and the valence of nickel is + 2. At this point, NiOx is antiferromagnetic NiO and the corresponding Hex is the largest. As the ratio of Ar/O2 deviates from 7, the exchange coupling field ( Hex) will decrease due to the presence of magnetic impurities such as Ni +3 or metallic Ni at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe, while the coercivity ( Hc) will increase due to     

Electrical conductivity of Cu/（10NiO-NiFe2O4） cermet inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4) cermets containing mass fractions of Cu of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% were prepared, and their electrical conductivities were measured at different temperatures. The effects of temperature and content of metal Cu on the electrical conductivity were investigated especially. The results indicate that the metallic phase Cu distributes evenly in 10NiO-NiFe2O4 ceramic matrix. The mechanism of electrical conductivity of Cu/(10NiO-NiFe2O4) cermets obeys the rule of electrical mechanism of semiconductor, the electrical conductivity for cermet containing 5% Cu increases from 2.70 to 20.41 S/cm with temperature increasing from 200 to 900 ℃. The change trend of electrical conductivity with temperature is similar with each other and it increases with increasing temperature and content of metal Cu. At 960 ℃, the electrical conductivity of cermet increases from 2.88 to 82.65 S/cm with the content of metal Cu increasing from 0 to 20%.     

BaZrO3颗粒分散混合导体YBa2Cu3O7-δ的微结构与性能研究

通过在YBa2Cu3O7-δ的起始原料中直接掺入过量的BaO和等摩尔ZrO2,原位生成均匀弥散分布的BaZrO3第二相颗粒的方法制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ-BaZrO3复合混合导体材料.研究了引入第二相BaZrO3颗粒对基相YBa2Cu3O7-δ的微观结构、热膨胀行为和力学性能的影响.发现弥散的BaZrO3颗粒能有效地抑制YBa2Cu3O7-δ沿C轴方向的生长,使晶粒由条形变为方形.与YBa2Cu3O7-δ单相样品相比,含10 mol%BaZrO3颗粒的样品具有更高的相对密度和较低的热膨胀系数以及显著改善的力学强度.     

转炉炼钢渣中Cu_2O与NiO的还原实验研究

结合某钢厂顶底复吹转炉冶炼含有铜、镍等成分耐候钢的生产过程,在实验室对铁碳熔体和纯铁液还原炼钢渣中铜、镍等氧化物进行研究。结果表明,在初始条件相同的情况下,1 300℃下铁碳熔体分别还原渣中Cu2O和NiO时,Cu2O比NiO更易还原,还原速度更快。1 600℃时在实验研究的碱度范围内,含有25%FeO的转炉终点渣中Cu2O、NiO能被纯铁液在10~20 min内还原完毕,尤其前10 min内w[Cu]、w[Ni]增长迅速。在相同碱度下,渣中Cu2O、NiO同时还原的速率基本相同;随着渣碱度的增大,Cu2O、NiO还原的速率及终还原率均有所降低。     

Densification and sintering dynamics of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites doped with CaO

The effects of CaO content in the range from 0 to 4.0%, and sintering temperature on the phase composition, relative density and electrical conductivity of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites doped with CaO were studied. The results show that there is no change of structure for NiO or NiFe2O4; there is apparent oxygen absorbing and releasing behavior during the heating process in air for 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites. Introduction of CaO can accelerate the densification of 10NiO-NiFe2O4 composites. The maximum value of relative density is 98.75% for composite doped with 2.0% CaO and sintered at 1 200 ℃, which is beyond about 20% for the undoped composites. The sintering activated energy of sample containing 2% CaO decreases by 15.87 kJ/mol, compared with that of the undoped sample.     

WCoB金属陶瓷的制备及其性能研究

以WC、TiB2、Co粉末为原料,采用真空液相反应烧结技术制备WCoB金属陶瓷,并利用XRD、SEM和EDS对其微观形貌及相组成进行了表征。结果表明,WCoB金属陶瓷由WCoB、W2CoB2、TiC、Co2B和TiB2等相组成,其硬度为HRA84.4～92.2,合金密度为9.3～10.2g/cm3。随着钴含量的增加,烧结后WCoB金属陶瓷的合金密度和硬度值均有所下降,较高的烧结温度有利于晶粒细化。磨损试验发现WCoB金属陶瓷的耐磨性优于YG8硬质合金。     

Cu对耐候桥梁钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用干湿周浸实验模拟海洋大气环境研究含Cu耐候桥梁钢腐蚀过程中耐腐蚀性能的变化,并利用XRD,SEM等方法研究了两种不同Cu含量耐候桥梁钢的锈层变化．结果表明：Cu能够有效地降低钢的平均腐蚀深度和腐蚀速率,利于提高钢的耐蚀性能．锈层组成随腐蚀时间而变化,腐蚀初期锈层主要由Fe3O4和γ—FeOOH组成,腐蚀中期锈层开始生成Ni（0.6-1）Fe（2.4-2）O4尖晶石类复合氧化物和α-FeOOH两种晶相;腐蚀后期组成基本保持不变,主要由Ni（0.6-1）Fe（2.4-2）O4、α—FeOOH、γ—FeOOH和少量Fe3O4组成．     

Effects of hydrothermal temperatures on properties of magnetic titanate nanotubes

NiFe2O4 dopeded with magnetic titanate nanotubes(MTNT)were prepared by a hydrothermal method using magnetic nanoparticles TiO2/SiO2/NiFe2O4 as the precursor.The effects of hydrothermal temperatures on their composition,morphologies and magnetic properties of products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),vibration sample magnetometer(VSM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that the hydrothermal temperature has a significant impact on the morphology of the products.The MTNT is synthesized in the temperature range of 120-160 ℃ and the inner diameter of MTNT is about 3-10 nm,the wall thickness 4-12nm and the length 100-200 nm.The components of MTNT are Na0.8H1.2Ti3O7 and a little of anatase TiO2 and NiFe2O4.The ferrimagnetisms and magnetic hysteresis phenomena are shown in the prepared MTNT.The hydrothermal temperature has no clear effect on the magnetic properties in the range of 120-180 ℃.The visible-light photo-catalytic activity of the products decreases as the temperature increases.The decolorization of methylene blue is 94.6% by the MTNT obtained at 120 ℃ and the recovery rate of MTNT is more than 95 percent.The MTNT has excellent photocatalytic activity and is easy to recovery.     

固相配位反应法制备Cu0．30Ni0.66Mn2．04O4超细粉体

以乙酸盐和草酸为原料,采用室温固相配位反应制得Cu0.30Ni0.66Mn2.04（C2O4）·nH2O复合草酸盐,将该草酸盐在800℃煅烧2h,得到尖晶石相Cu0.30Ni0．66Mn2.04O4复合氧化物粉体。该氧化物粉体粒径均匀细小,一次粒径为-150nm;烧结活性较高,在1050℃烧结5h制得的热敏陶瓷相对密度高达-97％。     

Electric characteristics of Nd_2O_3 doped BaTiO_3 ceramics

0　INTRODUCTIONBaTiO3hasbeenextensivelystudiedandwidelyuti lizedasaceramicmaterialforelectronicapplications .TheuseofadditivespermitsvaryingoftheCurietemperatureandpresentsapeculiarvariationoftheresistancewithtemperature[1,2 ] .Commonadditivesaredopantionssuchasyttrium ,whichsubstituteforbariumandpromotean typesemiconductivity .Therare earthelementsinBa TiO3ceramicscouldlowertheresistivitiy ,improvethedi electriccharacteristicsanddecreasethesinteringtempera turenoticeably[3,4 ] ,sotheim…     

CAS系统微晶玻璃对白泡石耐火材料侵蚀的研究

实验采用玻璃熔窑用耐火材料在静态下抗玻璃液侵蚀的实验方法，对比研究了CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃和Na2O-CaO-SiO2普通玻璃对白泡石耐火材料的侵蚀情况，分析和探讨了CaO－Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃对白泡石耐火材料的侵蚀机理。     

Fabrication and anodic polarization behavior of lead-based porous anodes in zinc electrowinning

A new type of lead-based porous anode in zinc electrowinning was prepared by negative pressure infiltration. The anodic polarization potential and corrosion rate were studied and compared with those of traditional fiat anodes （Pb-0.8%Ag） used in industry. The anode corrosion rate was determined by anode actual current density and microstructure. The results show that the anodic oxygen evolution potential decreases first and then increases with the decrease of pore diameter. The anodic potential decreases to the lowest value of 1.729 V at the pore diameter of 1.25-1.60 mm. The porous anode can decrease its actual current density and thus decrease the anodic corrosion rate. When the pore diameter is 1.60-2.00 mm, the anodic relative corrosion rate reaches the lowest value of 52.1%.