青铜-石墨复合粉末热喷涂层的干滑动摩擦磨损性能

研究了石墨含量和载荷等对青铜-石墨复合粉末热喷涂自润滑涂层干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：青铜-石墨热喷涂层有很好的自润滑性能，石墨含量为6％的涂层抗磨损性能最优。     

Friction and Wear Behavior of Irradiated Polyethylene Sliding Against a Rough Steel Surface

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tribological behavior of polyethylene crosslinked by gamma radiation sliding against a steel surface. Two high-density polyethylenes were irradiated to a total dose in the range of 2?20 Mrad under vacuum and at room temperature. After irradiation, the materials were annealed at 423 K and then cooled slowly to room temperature. The same thermal treatment was applied to the non-irradiated polymer. The wear behavior of the polymers was determined under controlled ambient temperature of 298 and 333 K using a homemade tribometer. Sheet-shaped specimens were loaded against the surface of a steel disc with different normal loads to generate nominal contact pressures in the range of 0.25–1.5 MPa. The tests were performed under dry conditions using a disc rotation to produce an average sliding speed of 0.6 m/s and during a period of time to provide an average sliding distance of 1,080 m. The wear rate was obtained as the mass loss by the sample divided by the sliding distance, and the friction coefficient was determined by measuring the friction force. The results indicate that the wear rate increases with load in the case of non-irradiated polyethylene and low-dose irradiated polymers, while the wear rate reaches a maximum value with the load in the case of the irradiated samples with high doses. The samples irradiated with a dose of 10 Mrad showed the lowest wear. The coefficient of friction (COF) increases slightly with the load in all the cases. Most irradiated polymers show higher COF than the non-irradiated material when compared at a given load. The results show that the irradiation dose applied to the polyethylenes produced no noticeable effect on the COF values when a comparison was made at a given applied load.     

Friction and Wear Behavior of Single-Phase Fe2B Bulk under Dry Sliding Condition

The effects of normal load and velocity on the friction and wear behavior of single-phase Fe₂B bulk have been investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results indicate that the friction coefficient and wear rate both decrease at first and then increase with increasing load and velocity, respectively. Attributed to the formation of a lamellar film on the Fe₂B surface, the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate are obtained at a velocity of 0.2 m/s under a load of 12 N. The dynamic friction coefficients under loads of 4 and 12 N are around 0.8 in the initial steady stage and then decrease to about 0.6, whereas the friction coefficient at 20 N shows no obvious change and remains around 0.82. The lubricating film consisting of Fe₂O₃, B₂O₃, SiO₂, and H₃BO₃ reduces the friction coefficient at 0.2 m/s under a load of 12 N.     

MoSi2/45#钢在干摩擦条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能

在MRH-5A型环-块型摩擦磨损实验机上,考察了MoSi2与调质45#钢配对时的摩擦磨损特性。运用KYKY2800型扫描电子显微镜,观察和分析了其磨损表面形貌,探讨了该材料的磨损机制。结果表明：在pv为284.96N.m.s^-1时,MoSi2与调质45#钢对摩时具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损率。在载荷和转速两影响因素中,转速的影响较大,低转速时MoSi2的磨损机制为粘着,且随着载荷的增加,出现粘着膜脱落;高转速时MoSi2材料表面粘着较低速时减弱。     

Friction and Wear Behaviour of Brake Pads Dry Sliding Against Semi-Interpenetrating Network Ceramics/Al-alloy Composites

Semi-interpenetrating network composites containing 40 vol.% ceramics (5Al₂O₃·8SiO₂) and 60 vol.% Al-alloy were fabricated in place of cast iron available for automotive brake rotors. The friction and wear performances of brake pads dry sliding against the composites were measured using a SRV testing machine. The test procedures include friction fade and recovery, load sensitivity at 100 and 250°C, and wear. The friction was found to increase first and then decrease with increasing temperature, followed by the inverse recovery upon cooling. Wear showed an incremental tendency over a wide temperature range. For loads from 40 to 160 N, the friction decreased at 100 and 250°C. At load below 128 N, the former friction was inferior to the latter while at load above 128 N the friction exhibited an inverse tendency. Wear mildly increased with load at 100 °C and decreased dramatically at 250 °C. SEM and EDS investigations revealed that the worn pad surfaces at 250 °C were covered by more tribofilms, including more coke and graphite with friction-reducing action as well as fewer compounds (corresponding to Si and Al) with friction-increasing action in comparison with those at 100 °C. The compression of the tribofilms contributed to a large decrease in the friction and wear with increasing load. However, at 100 °C E-glass fibers exposed at the worn surfaces inhibited the excessive wear of the pad despite lack of more tribofilms. Their glossy surfaces decreased the friction. The proposed friction models explain some friction and wear behaviour better.     

粉末涂料固体润滑膜滚动/滑动复合干摩擦磨损特性研究

在M-2000磨损试验机上考察了经过一次处理和经两次处理的40Cr钢环表面喷涂3种粉末涂料型固体润滑膜(P型、H型、E型)试样,在线载荷为104N/m、相对滑动速度为0.042 m/s、干摩擦滚动/滑动复合磨损条件下的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对试样磨损表面以及磨屑进行了显微观察。结果表明:底材经过一次处理(化学底膜处理)的复合固体润滑膜试样,P型和E型在磨损后期的摩擦因数分别稳定在0.38和0.32,而H型在0.40左右跳动;P型和H型的涂层磨损脱落期为60 m in左右,E型为120 m in左右;质量磨损从小到大顺序为P型相似文献   

Origin of Friction in Running-in Sliding Wear of Nitride Coatings

To investigate the origin of running-in friction in unlubricated sliding wear, a magnetron sputtered multilayer coating TiAlN/VN was tested on a ball-on-disc tribometer for a series of sliding durations from 10 to 1000 cycles, followed by careful observation of the obtained worn surfaces using an field-emission gun scanning electron microscope. Three steps of friction variation were found: (1) prior to wear particle generation, low initial friction coefficient was around 0.2–0.25 purely attributed to the asperity contact; (2) then it increased steeply to a range of 0.4–0.5 in the first 100 cycles following the generation, breaking and agglomeration of wear particles, and in particular the scaling-up of fish-scale-like tribofilm; (3) eventually it approached to a steady-state value around 0.5 when the friction was governed by the viscous shearing of the tribofilm. It is concluded that, under unlubricated sliding wear, the friction behaviour of transition metal nitride hard coating is dominated by the viscous shearing of tribofilm adhesively bonding to the parent nitride coating.     

巴氏合金干滑动摩擦磨损机制分析

以巴氏合金(ZChSnSb11-6)和45*钢为摩擦副,在SST-ST销盘式摩擦试验机下进行干摩擦试验,采用超景深三维显微镜、SEM、XRD对巴氏合金试样的摩擦表面进行表征,探讨其磨损机制.结果表明:干摩擦条件下,巴氏合金的摩擦因数较大,且波动较大;干摩擦条件下巴氏合金试样表面的物相发生明显变化,且试样表面同时存在磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和应变疲劳剥落.     

干摩擦条件下45号钢渗硫层的摩擦磨损性能试验研究

采用低温离子渗硫技术，在不同预先热处理的45号钢表面形成渗硫层，在干摩擦条件下，对渗硫试件和非渗硫试件进行了摩擦磨损试验，试验表明：经低温离子渗硫处理的试件，具有较好的减摩和耐磨作用。     

Effect of Tribofilm Formation on the Dry Sliding Friction and Wear Properties of Magnetron Sputtered TiAlCrYN Coatings

Nano-structured TiAlCrYN coatings, grown by unbalanced magnetron sputtering on various steel substrates, exhibited friction coefficients 0.6–0.8 and wear coefficients 10⁻¹⁶–10⁻¹⁵ m³ N⁻¹ m⁻¹ in dry sliding wear tests. This article reports comprehensive worn surface analyses using SEM, TEM, EDX, EELS and Raman spectroscopy. A ~80 nm thick tribofilm formed on the TiAlCrYN worn surface was found to have dense amorphous structure and homogeneous oxide composition of Cr_0.39Al_0.19Ti_0.20Y_0.01O_0.21. Viscous flow of the amorphous tribofilm was dominant in causing the high friction coefficient observed. The coatings showed combined wear mechanisms of tribo-oxidation and nano-scale delamination.     

铜碲硒铁合金的干摩擦磨损性能

利用环-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了铜碲硒铁合金的干摩擦磨损行为,分析了载荷和摩擦速度等参数对该合金摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜对磨损形貌进行了观察.结果表明:铜碲硒铁合金的摩擦因数随载荷的增加变化不大,但随摩擦速度的增加而明显增大;合金的磨损率随载荷和摩擦速度的增加均增大;在轻载低速条件下,合金的磨损机制以犁削磨损和粘着磨损为主;在重载高速条件下,磨粒磨损和粘着磨损加剧.     

干滑动条件下45CrNi材料摩擦磨损规律研究

以某自行火炮底座传动箱摩擦副所用材料45CrNi为研究对象,考察了该材料在不同热处理状态下（530℃回火、380℃回火、830℃淬火及原始状态）组成摩擦副时的干滑动摩擦磨损特性。试验结果表明：530℃回火盘和摩始销组成摩擦配副时结合最好,具有较好的摩擦磨损性能,销试样磨损率最小;在较低速度下载荷是影响材料摩擦因数的主要因素,而速度对摩擦因数的影响较小;粘着磨损是材料配副磨损的主要形式。     

MoSi2/淬火45钢的干摩擦磨损性能

采用M-2型磨损试验机研究了MoSi2/淬火45钢的干摩擦磨损特性，并通过对电子扫描显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪观察了试件的磨损表面形貌，分析了磨屑的成分，探讨了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明，随着载荷的增大，摩擦机理主要表现为微观滑动和粘着效应，低载荷下的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主，高载荷下的磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损。     

High-Temperature Friction and Wear of Ag/h-BN-Containing Ni-based Composites Against Steel

In order to attain self-lubrication in a wide range of temperatures, Ni-based powder metallurgy (P/M) composites containing different amounts (8–20 wt%) of Ag were prepared, and their friction and wear characteristics were investigated against AISI 52100 steel at temperatures of 25, 400, and 600 °C. One composite containing 12 wt% Ag and 4 wt% h-BN was also prepared and tested under the same conditions to analyze the effect of addition of h-BN on the friction and wear behaviors. The composites mainly consisted of Ni-based solid solution, free tungsten, Ag, and BN as revealed by XRD and EDS analyses. The friction coefficients and wear rates were found to decrease with increasing temperature and amount of silver. The friction coefficients shown by the composites containing relatively higher amounts of silver were in the range from 0.25 to 0.16 with temperature increasing from RT to 600 °C. The wear rates of the Ag/h-BN-containing composites were approximately an order of magnitude lower than those of the Base Alloy (having no solid lubricant) at all the temperatures. The addition of 4 wt% h-BN resulted in slightly greater friction and wear in comparison to the composites containing only silver.     

直流磁场下正火45钢干滑动摩擦磨损实验研究

研究了常温下直流磁场对正火45钢销/W18Cr4V环干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:与无磁场条件下相比,磁场条件下45钢销试样磨损量明显较低,摩擦因数较小,并且随着磁场强度的增加,磨损量、摩擦因数均逐渐降低;微观分析表明:无磁场条件下,磨损表面有明显的犁沟和划痕,磁场条件下,磨损表面吸附大量的磨屑,氧含量较高,磨面较为平坦。     

Transitions in the Friction and Wear of Carbons and Graphites Sliding Against Themselves

The friction and wear properties of various carbons and graphites have been measured during sliding against themselves in air. Many materials exhibit sudden and large increases in both friction and wear at a critical combination of load, speed, and temperature, and the effects are most pronounced for electrographites and natural graphites. The sliding conditions at the transition are associated with a critical temperature of the contacting asperities, and the magnitude of this temperature, approximately 150–185 C for graphitic materials, has been estimated both directly and by application of flash-temperature theory. The phenomena accompanying the transitions are very similar to those occurring during dusting of carbon brushes at high altitudes, and a similar explanation is invoked in terms of the adsorption of water vapor and oxygen. The critical combinations of loads and speeds required to initiate the transition are much more severe than those normally encountered during the operation of carbon brushes and bearings.     

Effect of Load and Composition on Friction and Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Tungsten Carbide Particle-Reinforced Iron Composites

Investigations on the dry sliding wear behavior of tungsten carbide (WC)-reinforced iron matrix composites were carried out at room temperature. Three sets of samples (unreinforced iron, 4 wt% micrometer-size (～5–15 μm) WC-reinforced iron and 4 wt% nanosize (～30 nm) WC-reinforced iron were prepared using a powder metallurgy route to assess their friction and wear behaviors under two different loads. The relative dry sliding wear performances of the micrometer-size and nanosize WC-reinforced composites were compared with unreinforced matrix. An increase in microhardness of the order of 2.5 times was observed in the case of 4 wt% nanosize WC-reinforced iron matrix compared to the unreinforced iron matrix. The wear rate was 1.35 to 1.45 times lower in the case of nanocomposites compared to the unreinforced iron matrix (under different experimental conditions). The values of the coefficient of friction (COF) of composites were found to decrease with increase in load. Nanocomposites showed lower COF, surface roughness, and fractal dimension (D) values than micrometer-size WC-reinforced composites and the unreinforced iron matrix.     

High-Temperature Friction and Wear Studies of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 Against Nimonic 75 Under Dry Sliding Conditions

The present research focuses on dry sliding friction and wear behaviour of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 against Nimonic 75 at high temperature up to 1023 K. The influence of temperature, sliding distance and normal load on friction and wear behaviour of Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90 against Nimonic 75 was studied using pin (Nimonic 75)-on-disc (Nimonic 80A and Nimonic 90). Lower wear and lower friction of superalloys was observed at high temperatures, as compared to room temperature. Surface morphological and surface analytical studies of fresh and worn surfaces were carried out using optical microscopy, 3D profilometer, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to understand the friction and wear behaviour. The mechanism of the formation of microscale glaze layer is also discussed.     

干摩擦条件下Al_2O_3基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性

以用SiC、Ti(CN)和ZrO2颗粒增韧的三种Al2O3基复合材料为研究对象,利用销盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了它们的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜对其磨损形貌进行了观察和分析.结果表明:在本试验条件下,Al2O3基复合材料的耐磨性能与添加剂的种类有关,其耐磨性能好坏顺序为Al2O3/Ti(CN)、Al2O3/SiC、Al2O3/ZrO2;Al2Os/SiC复合材料的磨损机理主要为疲劳磨损和脆性断裂,Al2O3/ZrO2和A12O3/Ti(CN)复合材料的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损.     

金属间化合物二硅化钼在干摩擦条件下的磨粒磨损特性

在磨损试验机上考察了金属间化合物二硅化钼材料在干摩擦条件下与氧化铝砂轮对磨时的磨粒磨损性能 ,用扫描电镜和定点探针观察了其磨损表面形貌 ,并对材料的磨损机理进行了探讨。结果表明 :MoSi2 材料具有较高的耐磨性 ,质量磨损率维持在 3.3× 10 - 4mg/min水平 ;微切削和疲劳微断裂是其主要磨粒磨损机理