海藻酸钙/明胶共混膜的制备及性能研究

用蒸馏水溶解海藻酸钠和明胶,将两种溶液混合制得海藻酸钙/明胶复合功能膜,研究海藻酸钠/明胶复合共混膜的相容性、力学性能、透湿性及吸湿保湿性等.实验结果表明,明胶含量较少时,共混膜有良好的相容性和力学性能;海藻酸钙/明胶质量比为1:0.6时,共混膜的透湿性、吸湿保湿性较好.     

纤维素 / 聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇共混膜的包装性能研究

用溶液铸膜工艺制备了纤维素 / 聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇共混膜,以扫描电子显微镜、电子拉力机、差示量热扫描仪、透气透湿仪等试验仪器对共混膜进行了表征和性能测试。 研究表明:纤维素 / 聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇共混膜的力学性能和透湿性能随聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇含量的提高而提高,而透气性能则相反。 共混膜中聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇含量为 30% 时共混膜的力学性能最好,共混膜中聚碳酸亚丙酯多元醇含量为 40% 时透湿性能最好,透气性能最差。     

聚乙二醇丙三醇对丝素蛋白膜的改性

以乙二醇和环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成了一种新的高分子化合物:聚乙二醇丙三醇(PEGG),用红外光谱和核磁共振对其进行了表征。用流延法制备了丝素蛋白/PEGG共混膜,用X射线衍射法,红外光谱法对共混膜的结构进行测试分析,结果表明,随着PEGG含量的增加,丝素蛋白(SF)的结晶度有所下降,PEGG与丝素蛋白之间有氢键结合,因此可能抑制了s ilkⅠ结晶。测试了共混膜的力学性能,结果表明,共混膜的断裂伸长率、弹性随着PEGG含量的增加而增大,共混膜的断裂强度均高于24M Pa,而杨氏模量都小于80 M Pa。SF/PEGG共混膜具有良好的柔软性和弹性。     

壳聚糖微粉对聚氨酯多孔膜结构和性能的影响

以生物医用聚氨酯为基质,添加超细壳聚糖微粉,通过湿法相转变法制备壳聚糖微粉/生物医用聚氨酯共混多孔膜。考察了壳聚糖微粉含量对共混膜结构和性能的影响,通过SEM观察共混膜结构形态的变化,采用吸水溶胀度和透湿汽量表征膜的性能。结果表明,壳聚糖含量的变化对膜的断面形态没有显著的影响,均呈现胞腔状孔结构;但随着壳聚糖含量的增加,共混膜中微孔的孔径和孔隙率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,同时膜的吸水溶胀度和透湿汽量随着壳聚糖微粉的增加而有较大幅度的提高。     

再生丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖膜的制备和性能

用二次冷冻干燥法制备出以戊二醛为交联剂的再生丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖复合材料,研究了不同配比的戊二醛/丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖膜的理化性质。结果表明:这种再生丝素/羧甲基壳聚糖复合材料具有联通的三维多孔结构,孔径分布均匀,丝素与羧甲基壳聚糖之间形成分子间氢键,相容性好;丝素与羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比为1:1,戊二醛的含量为0.20%时共混材料的力学性能最优,且热稳定性较好。植入皮下结果表明,这种复合材料具有良好的生物降解性和生物相容性。     

丝素蛋白对胶原膜性能改善的研究

天然高分子由于其良好的生物相容性而受到广泛的关注。本研究用酶法自制了具有一定水溶性的猪皮胶原。尝试利用丝素和胶原蛋白各自的优点。用简单的溶液浇铸法制备了胶原-丝素共混膜。并通过FTIR、TGA、SEM等手段对其结构进行了表征。结果表明。由于共混膜中俩组份间存在的分子间作用力，加入小于50％的丝素的胶原膜经乙醇处理后与纯胶原膜相比。其力学性能及热稳定性有所的改善。通过改变丝素比例可以调整共混膜的吸水性。由于两组分良好的生物相容性，预料该共混膜可用作生物材料。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜的结构表征及性能研究

由壳聚糖和聚乙烯醇的醋酸水溶液共混,流延成膜,然后用1mol/L的NaOH水溶液处理,成功制得具有互穿网络结构的壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇二元共混膜.采用红外光谱、X射线衍射和扫描电镜对共混膜进行了结构表征,并对共混膜的透光率、吸水率、保水率、力学性能、透水汽率、热稳定性等方面进行了测试.结果表明,共混膜中壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇具有良好的相容性,其中壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇分子间的作用力使共混膜理化性能得到了显著改善.     

聚乳酸/茶多酚抗氧化膜的制备及其性能研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）为基材,茶多酚（TP）为抗氧化剂,通过流延法制备了具抗氧化活性的可降解PLA/TP共混膜,并研究了茶多酚添加量对共混膜包装性能及抗氧化性能的影响。研究结果表明：茶多酚与聚乳酸基质间发生了相互作用,茶多酚在聚乳酸基质中具有较好的分散性。天然抗氧化物茶多酚的添加使共混膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及透光率降低,但显著提高了共混膜的热封强度、透湿系数、透氧系数、溶解度和自由基清除率。当茶多酚的质量分数为0.9%时,共混膜的热封强度为3.31 N/(15 mm),透湿系数和透氧系数分别是纯PLA膜的1.68倍和6倍,透光率为88.1%,自由基清除率为89.18%,是一种具有应用潜力的环境友好型食品活性包装材料。     

不同聚乳酸对聚乳酸/淀粉共混复合膜的影响

目的探究不同聚乳酸基材对聚乳酸/热塑性淀粉共混复合膜基础性能的影响,筛选最适合的聚乳酸基材。方法选取REVODE 101,REVODE 110,REVODE 711B等3种聚乳酸原材料作为基材,与热塑性淀粉共混,采用热压法制备复合膜,并对复合膜进行动态热力学性能、力学性能、透湿性、水溶性及水分含量的表征。结果以REVODE110为基材制备的复合膜玻璃化转变温度(tg)最高,在增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯质量分数为20%时tg为36.16℃,室温下稳定性最佳;其力学性能、透湿性以及水溶性与REVODE101复合膜相近,且显著优于REVODE 711B复合膜,3种复合膜透光性无显著差异,透光率T600均在14%左右。结论 3种聚乳酸材料中,REVODE 110是最适宜制备聚乳酸/淀粉复合膜的聚乳酸基材。     

聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物/丝素共混纳米纤维多孔膜的制备及性能

以六氟异丙醇（HFIP）为共溶剂,通过静电纺丝法制备了聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物（PLGA）/丝素（SF）共混纳米纤维多孔膜。用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、傅立叶红外光谱分析仪（FT-IR）、多功能拉伸仪、液滴形状分析仪对共混纤维多孔膜的形貌、分子结构、力学性能及亲水性进行测试。结果表明,共混多孔膜中随SF的加入纤维直径...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...