航空发动机高压转子-滚动轴承系统非线性动力响应分析

基于有限元方法建立了航空发动机高压转子 滚动轴承系统的高维动力学模型,该模型考虑滚动轴承的非线性支撑力,转子的剪切变形、陀螺力矩和转动惯量.利用自适应步长Newmark-β方法计算了转子随转速变化的不平衡响应,得到了不同转速区间转子的振动特征.针对低转速区出现的VC(Varying Compliance)振动现象,计算分析了不同转速下转子不平衡量、轴承游隙对VC振动幅值的影响.结果表明：随着转速的升高,VC振动幅值先减小再增大,之后再减小直至基本消失;增大轴承游隙会使转子VC振动幅值增大,而转子VC振动幅值对不平衡量的变化并不敏感.     

航空发动机转子系统的动态响应计算

利用有限元方法建立了航空发动机双转子系统耦合非线性动力学模型,采用MATLAB计算了系统的临界转速和振型;研究了双转子结构的稳态不平衡响应,给出了双转子-机匣系统在不同转速下的运动规律,为工程中双转子系统的设计提供了一定的理论支持.     

转子突加不平衡的碰摩响应

航空发动机等高速旋转机械在工作时会出现叶片掉块、飞失等突加不平衡情况,突加不平衡引发的碰摩可能导致转子失稳和系统的破坏.本文对一个具有非线性支承刚度的跨中转子在突加不平衡时的碰摩响应进行了数值仿真,计算发现系统在突加不平衡发生后将会出现6种不同的碰摩响应形式,给出了参数-突加不平衡转速平面上不同稳态动力学响应模式的边界曲线,同时针对系统在突加不平衡发生后减速通过临界转速时的失稳现象,给出了失稳边界,研究表明增大转子阻尼,降低转静接触刚度和摩擦系数,可以减小失稳的转速范围.分析了参数对系统瞬态响应的影响,瞬态响应随转速的变化会发生跳跃,而瞬态响应随突加不平衡偏心量的变化,在低于共振转速时是平缓增大的,而在高于共振转速时也会有跳跃发生.     

滚动轴承-柔性碰摩转子系统非线性动力学响应分析

针对现有轴承-转子系统动力学模型的不足,考虑非线性滚动轴承力、不平衡量、碰摩故障及陀螺效应,建立了滚动轴承-柔性对称碰摩转子系统非线性集中质量模型.通过数值计算与比较,结果表明:低转速下系统响应主要表现为滚动轴承的变刚度振动,高转速下轴承变刚度振动的影响相对减弱,转子不平衡和碰摩故障对系统的影响逐渐增强,陀螺效应对高转速下对称转子的响应不容忽略.     

转盘偏置对转子系统动力学特性的影响研究

以Jeffcott转子系统为对象,研究转盘在转轴上不同偏置安装位置所引起的陀螺效应,以及对转子系统固有特性和弯曲振动模式的影响规律.基于所建立的集中质量模型,数值计算和比较的结果表明,不同的转盘安装偏置量会对转子系统临界转速和不平衡响应产生明显影响.偏置程度越大,陀螺效应对临界转速及不平衡响应的影响越大,而在转子系统完全对称的情况下,陀螺效应则可以忽略.     

锥齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学行为

主要研究了锥齿轮传动转子系统的非线性动力学行为.在滑动轴承或挤压油膜阻尼器中,油膜力是齿轮传动转子系统非线性的一个重要来源,并且与轴承的结构参数、转子的转速和作用力等多个因素有关.首先在刚性转子、齿轮不脱啮等假设条件下,考虑了锥齿轮间的广义位移约束关系,建立在非线性油膜力作用下锥齿轮传动的多转子耦合系统动力学模型.由于油膜力具有强非线性特性,因此采用数值分析方法,结合系统的稳态响应、Poincaré映射和分叉图等多种手段分析系统的动力学行为.通过初步研究得到如下结论:对于不平衡锥齿轮传动的转子系统,在低转速时转子轴心的运动与转速同步;随着转速的增加系统出现2倍周期运动等复杂的分叉现象.这些振动特征可以为这类系统的动力学设计、结构参数优化和运动状态监测等提供必要的理论依据.     

三维实体转子系统热-结构耦合响应分析

以某型航空发动机高压转子系统为研究对象,基于不均匀分布稳态温度场,建立了某高压转子系统三维实体单元有限元模型以及稳态温度场下转子系统热-结构耦合振动方程,利用热-结构-动力学耦合理论,采用间接耦合法,通过稳态温度场分析和静力分析生成热应力,然后进行预应力模态分析,最后利用模态叠加法进行不平衡量和热弯曲耦合响应分析,实现热-结构-动力学耦合计算.通过稳态温度场对典型级盘稳态响应影响的分析以及不平衡量与热弯曲耦合稳态响应分析,发现耦合响应对转子系统各级盘的振动响应有较大影响.     

三支撑轴系转子残余不平衡量相位差组合振动特性研究

针对三支撑汽轮机组、压缩机组等轴系中各转子动平衡合格,但安装试车后仍发生轴系不平衡振动故障问题,提出研究各跨转子残余不平衡量相位差组合对轴系振动特性的影响.首先,通过构建两跨三支撑轴系动力学有限元模型,进行轴系转子间残余不平衡量相位差典型组合,分析三支撑轴系不平衡稳态响应,得到轴系支撑处振动随各转子残余不平衡量相位差典型组合的关系,发现残余不平衡量相位差组合对高转速下轴系振动影响大,以0-180典型组合下各支撑振动幅值最小,不同于传统双支撑轴系0-0组合下振动最优的结论,最后开展轴系残余不平衡量相位差组合振动特性实验验证.论文结论可为这类三支撑轴系不平衡振动故障诊断和控制提供新的思路和参考.     

三种升速条件下的鱼雷涡轮机转子系统动力学特性

为研究鱼雷涡轮机转子系统的瞬态动力学特性,结合实际启动工况,采用传递矩阵法建立了转子系统的瞬态运动方程,并用Newmark-β数值积分方法进行求解,模拟分析了不同启动过程中转子的瞬态响应历程.结果显示:考虑不同函数形式的(线性、指数、分段)升速过程时,涡轮转子系统各阶临界转速没有显著差异,但共振峰值以及震荡收敛时间差别较大.其中,最符合实际工况的是分段函数形式的升速过程,该过程过二阶临界转速的共振峰值最小.本文的工作可以为鱼雷涡轮转子系统的优化设计提供参考.     

高速齿轮转子系统质量不平衡响应分析

为克服大型高速齿轮转子系统质量不平衡响应分析的不足,根据多柔体动力学、有限元法和模态综合理论,用MSC Adams对未耦合和耦合的齿轮转子系统质量不平衡响应进行时域分析,发现当高速端和低速端齿轮转子同时存在质量不平衡时,耦合系统响应为分别在其上施加不平衡时响应的叠加,与相关文献采用传递矩阵法得到的结果一致.用Field力元模拟滑动轴承的油膜支撑,得到弹性支撑的单个齿轮转子的不平衡响应,涡动轨迹为椭圆,结果与相关文献对弹性支撑的圆盘转子不平衡响应分析的解一致.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.