PPSLT皮秒中波红外光参量发生器

3~5 m 中红外激光在光电对抗领域有着重要的应用前景。如果中红外激光进入皮秒量级,将使其具有更高的峰值功率和作战效能。文中采用1.06 m 皮秒激光器泵浦单周期极化化学计量比钽酸锂晶体（周期为29.5 m）光参量产生器的方案,来获得皮秒中红外激光输出。其中皮秒泵浦源为自制的侧面泵浦结构1.06 m 皮秒再生放大器。该激光器在1 kHz 重复频率下,输出功率最高为2.02W,脉冲宽度为13.6 ps。光参量发生器采用温度调谐方式,获得了3.98~3.68 m（晶体从40~200℃）皮秒中波红外可调谐激光输出。在最高泵浦功率泵浦,晶体温度为120℃时,获得最大中红外激光输出（闲频光）190 mW,光光转换效率达9.4%,充分验证了采用OPG 的方式获得瓦级皮秒中红外激光输出的可行性。     

基于ZnGeP2光参量振荡器的长波红外双波段调谐实验研究

文中报道了一种基于ZnGeP₂ (ZGP) 的纳秒宽调谐长波红外光参量振荡器(optical parametric oscillation, OPO)。采用重复频率50 Hz、脉冲宽度小于10 ns的1064 nm基频光泵浦基于Ⅱ类相位匹配KTP的光参量振荡器产生2.1 μm激光,进而泵浦基于Ⅰ类相位匹配的ZGP光参量振荡器产生7~11 μm长波红外输出。通过对ZGP的角度调谐获得了2.815~2.963 μm连续可调谐信号光,对应闲频光波长连续可调谐范围为7.82~9.08 μm。通过泵浦波长调谐的方式,当采用2107.13~2153.95 nm范围内的激光泵浦ZGP-OPO,获得了信号光波长范围为2.624~2.662 μm和2.745~2.956 μm的连续可调谐输出,对应闲频光范围为7.94~9.07 μm和10.20~10.82 μm。闲频光波长为8.03 μm、能量为0.8 mJ时,ZGP-OPO的泵浦光至闲频光转换效率9.4%。     

中红外脉冲KTA光参量振荡器实验研究

对3~5 m中红外脉冲KTA光参量振荡器（KTA-OPO）进行了理论及实验研究,对影响转换效率的因素进行了深入分析和系统优化。采用单灯双棒、电光调Q的1.064 m Nd∶YAG激光器非共线泵浦外腔非临界相位匹配（NCPM）KTA-OPO,当重复频率1~25 Hz、泵浦能量120 mJ时,获得波长3.475 μm、单脉冲能量>17 mJ的闲频光输出,最大光光转换效率为14.3%。     

利用双光学参量振荡器结构输出4.3μm激光方案

鉴于中红外激光的重要应用价值,提出了分别用2.1 μm和2.7 μm激光泵浦ZnGeO2(ZGP)光学参数振荡器(OPO),采用不同相位匹配方式输出4.3 μm的激光方案,计算并比较了匹配角、走离角、有效非线性系数、泵浦光的允许线宽、允许发散角、参量输出光的线宽以及ZGP对泵浦光的吸收系数等,确定最佳方案为利用1.06...     

LD泵浦双棒Nd∶GdVO4激光器

为了获得可对红外成像探测器具有干扰效果的高功率、高重复频率3.8 μm中红外激光,首先通过LD侧面泵浦双棒技术和高重复频率声光调Q技术,获得高功率高重复频率1.06 μm激光,再将其作为泵浦光进行非线性差频试验,获得3.8 μm激光输出.将输出的3.8 μm中红外激光用于红外探测器的干扰试验,获得了较好的干扰效果.     

啁啾脉冲光学参量振荡器及宽谱中红外激光的产生（特邀）

宽谱中红外激光光源在红外显微光谱学、环境监测、医疗诊断以及超短脉冲产生等领域有着广阔的应用前景和急迫的需求。聚焦同步泵浦光学参量振荡器（SPOPO）的输出光谱带宽,提出了一种能够有效消除泵浦脉冲宽度对于SPOPO宽谱输出性能的限制的运转模式,即啁啾脉冲光学参量振荡器（CPOPO）。提出并介绍了基于自相位调制（SPM）效应和采用啁啾准相位匹配（CQPM）晶体这两种CPOPO的具体技术方案。基于周期极化铌酸锂（PPLN）晶体成功实现了以宽谱啁啾脉冲运转的CPOPO,最终分别获得了覆盖2.9~4.1 μm （约30 THz）、功率为92 mW和2.9~5.0 μm （约44 THz）、功率为64 mW的宽谱中红外激光输出。     

中红外宽调谐连续Nd∶YVO4/PPMgLN光学参量振荡器研究

采用连续Nd∶YVO4激光器作为泵浦源,在室温下实现了PPMgLN晶体准相位匹配,获得了连续内腔光学参量振荡.获得的光参量阈值仅为3 W (808 nm);在泵浦光功率为5W、PPMgLN极化周期为31.5 μm时,获得了365 mW、2.95 μm的中红外连续激光输出和312mW、1.66 μm信号光输出,总光光转换效率达到13.3％.通过改变晶体周期,实现了2.95～4.16 μm闲频光和1.43～1.66 μm信号光的宽带可调谐输出.此连续中红外光参量振荡器结构简单紧凑,效率高,将是未来产生3～5μm中红外激光光源的重要方法之一.     

基于光参量振荡的35 kHz中红外激光器研究

研究了基于高重频1064 nm激光泵浦的3.8 μm周期性极化铌酸锂(periodically poled LiNbO₃, PPLN)光参量振荡器(optical parametric oscillator, OPO)。采用Nd :YVO₄声光调Q激光器,获得了光束质量良好,重复频率25~35 kHz,最大平均输出功率6.1 W,脉冲宽度59.1 ns的1064 nm基频激光。模拟分析了在1064 nm激光泵浦下,极化周期Λ=29.5 μm MgO:PPLN晶体的温度调谐特性。通过实验,在25~200 ℃的温度范围内,获得了3599.6~3845.5 nm连续变化的中红外激光。当PPLN晶体温度为30 ℃,基频光功率为6.1 W时,得到了最大输出功率0.45 W ,重复频率为35 kHz的3845.5 nm中红外光输出。     

非临界相位匹配KTP光学参量振荡器的研究

利用1. 06μm激光脉冲泵浦非临界相位匹配(NCPM) KTP光学参量振荡器,获得中心波长1566nm的信号光输出。当泵浦光能量为100mJ时,输出信号光能量约为31. 9mJ ,相应的转换效率为30. 9% ,信号光脉冲宽度(10ns)比泵浦光脉冲宽度(30ns)小得多。当相位匹配角(内角)从90°到80°变化时,信号光调谐范围为1566～1596nm。     

3～5μm固体激光器

概述了中红外激光器的应用背景,介绍了国外研究现状及发展趋势,提出了用固体办法实现中红外激光有效输出的技术途径和方案,对固体中红外激光输出所需要的2 μm激光泵浦源技术进行了探讨和方案比较,最终选用了OPO技术间接获得2μm激光的方案.以二极管泵浦1.06 μm激光为泵浦源,采用双谐振腔内KTP OPO的方式,进行了激光实验,实现了功率23.9 W的2 μm波长激光输出.在此2μm激光泵浦源基础上,提出了实现室温运转的中红外固体激光ZnGeP2 OPO的技术方案并进行了实验,最终成功实现中红外激光输出,在约5 kHz时,中红外激光输出功率4.09 W.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks