基于微分几何的遥感影像上线状地物提取方法

自动识别遥感影像上的目标、快速淮确地获取所需信息是遥感数据处理的主要发展方向。通过研究微分几何理论中曲面的一些基本性质，本文介绍了一种基于微分几何的线状 地物提取方法，首先在局部区域内拟合一个二次曲面函数，然后通过该函数来估算灰度曲面的梯度和曲率，设定合适的梯度和曲率阈值来检测线状地物，最后进行后处理，消除许多噪声颗粒及小块区域。实验表明，该方法对于具有一定宽度的线状地物的检测具有较好的效果。     

Extrapolative Spatial Models for Detecting Perceptual Boundaries in Colour Images

We present a novel approach for automatically building image-specific extrapolative spatial models of non-boundary local energy that can be used to perform local statistical tests to detect perceptual boundaries. The non-boundary model consists of statistics of local energy that are spatially extrapolated by a non-boundary confidence map and a scale-adaptive normalised filtering algorithm. We exploit the flexibility of steerable filters to both extract oriented local energy and to provide local statistics of the energy distribution in the orientation-domain to compute the non-boundary confidence map. Finally, we apply our local thresholding technique separately to the three channels of colour images and adopt a max operator to combine the results. We provide a qualitative and quantitative comparison on real images from a hand-segmented natural image database against the best combination of the most widely cited colour edge detectors and automatic global thresholding methods.     

Experimental study of contouring accuracy for CNC machines executing curved paths with constant and curvature-dependent feedrates

Experiments to measure and improve the contouring accuracy of CNC machines executing curved paths with strong curvature and variations of curvature at high feedrates are reported, using P and PI controllers with a wide range of gains. The experiments are based on test curves exhibiting (a) a steady increase of curvature; (b) a periodic curvature variation between fixed minima and maxima; and (c) a sudden “spike” in the curvature profile. For the P controller, the curvature-dependent feedrate yields a diminution of the contour error by up to an order of magnitude, compared to constant feedrate. The curvature-dependent feedrate appears to be most advantageous in situations exemplified by case (c), since it affords a dramatic suppression of local contour error with a modest increase in traversal time. Moreover, the improvement in contour accuracy is relatively insensitive to the P gain. The results are less predictable when the curvature-dependent feedrate is used in conjunction with PI control, because of its more “active” response to the excitation arising from the varying path geometry and feedrate.     

Paint deposition modeling for trajectory planning on automotive surfaces

This research is focused on developing trajectory planning tools for the automotive painting industry. The geometric complexity of automotive surfaces and the complexity of the spray patterns produced by modern paint atomizers combine to make this a challenging and interesting problem. This paper documents our efforts to develop computationally tractable analytic deposition models for electrostatic rotating bell (ESRB) atomizers, which have recently become widely used in the automotive painting industry. The models presented in this paper account for both the effects of surface curvature as well as the deposition pattern of ESRB atomizers in a computationally tractable form, enabling the development of automated trajectory generation tools. We present experimental results used to develop and validate the models, and verify the interaction between the deposition pattern, the atomizer trajectory, and the surface curvature. Limitations of the deposition model with respect to predictions of paint deposition on highly curved surfaces are discussed. Note to Practitioners-The empirical paint deposition models developed herein, which are fit to experimental data, offer a significant improvement over models that are typically used in industrial robot simulations. The improved simulation results come without the computational cost and complexity of finite element methods. The models could be incorporated, as is, into existing industrial simulation tools, provided the users are cognizant of the model limitations with respect to highly curved surfaces. Although the models are based on readily available information, incorporating the models into existing robot simulation software would likely require support from the software vendor.     

一种高阶各向异性扩散小波收缩图像降噪算法

图像可以看作是一个曲面,描述曲面上某点相对于球面的弯曲程度可以用高斯曲率.提出用高斯曲率来定义在图像上的能量泛函,并得到相应的欧拉方程,利用梯度下降法推出基于高斯曲率的高阶各向异性扩散方程.进而根据小波收缩与各向异性扩散等价性框架,提出一种高阶各向异性扩散小波收缩图像降噪算法.实验表明,此算法在去除噪声的同时能够很好地保持高频特征和边缘形状.     

On using CAD models to compute the pose of curved 3D objects

A new approach is presented for explicitly relating image observables to models of curved three-dimensional objects. This relationship is used for object recognition and positioning. Object models consist of collections of parametric surface patches. The image observables considered are raw range data, surface normal and Gaussian curvature, raw image intensity and intensity gradient, raw image contours, and contour orientation and curvature. Elimination theory provides a method for constructing an implicit equation that relates these observables to the three-dimensional position and orientation of object models. Determining the unknown pose parameters is reduced to a fitting problem between the implicit equation and the observed data points. By considering translation-independent observables such as surface normal and curvature, this process is further decomposed into first determining orientation and then determining translation. Applications to object recognition are described, and an implementation is presented.     

Reading experience with curved hand‐held displays

Abstract— The aim of this study was to measure reading experiences on curved paper‐like displays. The experimental materials were mockups that consisted of printed paper attached to a curved plastic surface. The experiment participants held the mockups in their hands and evaluated the reading experience with them. Twelve font sizes, two curvature magnitudes, and two curvature directions were used in the experiment. The results showed that reading text on a curved surface was easier when the curvature direction is perpendicular to the text direction. It was also found that concave surfaces were regarded as better in cases where the text direction was the same as the curvature direction.     

A comparative analysis of efficiency and reliability of capacitive micro-switches with initially curved electrodes

Enhancement of both efficiency and reliability of MEMS structures has always been an interesting and even essential issue for research community. This paper provides a comparative investigation in this field focusing on the role of initially curved electrodes of capacitive micro-switches. Four models have been introduced by appliance of curved microbeams as either upper or lower electrodes of a capacitive MEMS switch, as well as the conventional base model with straight both electrodes. By introducing a mathematical model and appropriate numerical procedure, the contact area between two electrodes, which has direct effect on the reliability has been estimated using Hertz relation for all models. The electromechanical coupling factor which is related to the efficiency of the switch has been calculated considering the stored mechanical and electrical energy of the system. The results have shown that by appliance of an initial curvature to the both electrodes, the estimated contact area can increase up to 279% compared to the conventional switches. Also, a switch with straight moveable electrode and curved substrate exhibits an increase in coupling factor up to 24% compared to the base model, while increasing the pull-in voltage of the switch.

     

基于曲率驱动方向性热流的图像修复模型

提出一种曲率驱动的方向性热流图像修复模型。在该模型中,信息向待修复区域的扩散被看成是两个相互垂直的1D方向性热流的耦合,其中的扩散方向由图像的局部相关几何决定,而扩散强度是一个曲率相关的函数。实验结果表明,该模型不仅能够保证修复边缘的尖锐性还可以减少修复过程中虚假边缘的产生。     

Shape differentiation of freeform surfaces using a similarity measure based on an integral of Gaussian curvature

Freeform surfaces are popularly used to design and model complex 3D objects. These 3D models are stored as computerized models in databases. To facilitate data retrieval and shape matching, a major challenge lies in defining and computing the level of similarity between two or more freeform surfaces. In order to explore the useful 3D information associated with the surfaces, an integrated approach based on the integral of Gaussian curvature is proposed to develop the measures of similarity of freeform surfaces. Specifically, the integral of Gaussian curvature is mapped into the 2D space, and a shape-based measure is developed using statistical methods to compute the level of similarity. For smooth surfaces, a fast approximation algorithm is developed to calculate the curvature of individual subregions. In cases where the target surface has a complex topological structure or a smooth surface is not available, the integral of Gaussian curvature for the discrete surface is first calculated at each vertex, followed by mapping onto a 2D spherical coordinate. The distance measure focuses on the local geometry, which is critical to investigate models with a certain level of resemblance such as products in a family. This proposed approach can be applied to surfaces under various transformations, as well as 3D data from various sources.     

Computation of circulation control airfoil flows

The compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved for circulation control (CC) airfoil flows. Three turbulence models are considered for closure, including the Spalart–Allmaras model with and without a curvature correction and the shear stress transport model of Menter. Numerical solutions are computed with a structured grid solver. The effect of mesh density on the solutions is examined. We also address two important issues that have emerged in simulations of CC airfoil flows. One is the validity of incompressible simulations with the presence of a transonic wall jet. The other issue concerns the occurrence of nonphysical solutions for CC airfoil flows. In the present work we consider circulation control flows for a range of jet momentum coefficients. Comparisons are made between computed and experimental pressure distributions, velocity profiles, Reynolds stress profiles, and streamline patterns. Including curvature effects yields the closest agreement with the measured data.     

Time-dependent creep and shrinkage analysis of composite beams curved in-plan

This paper develops a numerical formulation for the time-dependent creep and shrinkage analysis of steel–concrete composite beams that are curved in-plan under conditions of service load. The creep behaviour of the concrete is considered by using the viscoelastic Wiechert model, in which the aging effect of the concrete is taken into account. The curved composite beam model that is developed also accounts for the partial shear interaction at the deck-girder interface in the tangential (or longitudinal) direction, as well as in the radial (or horizontal) direction, due to the flexibility of the shear connectors. Models based on the developed formulation are validated by comparisons with sophisticated and computationally intensive ABAQUS shell element models, and with available results reported in the literature. The effects of initial curvature and partial interaction on the time-dependent behaviour of curved composite beams are also illustrated in the examples.     

Spatial stability of shear deformable curved beams with non-symmetric thin-walled sections. II: F. E. solutions and parametric study

In the companion paper, an improved formulation for spatial stability analysis of shear deformable thin-walled curved beams with non-symmetric cross-sections is presented based on the displacement field considering both constant curvature effects and the second-order terms of semi-tangential rotations. Thus the elastic strain energy and the potential energy due to initial stress resultants are consistently derived. Also closed-form solutions for in-plane and lateral-torsional buckling of curved beams subjected to uniform compression and pure bending are newly derived for mono-symmetric thin-walled curved beams under simply supported and clamped end conditions. In this paper, F. E. procedures are developed by using curved and straight beam elements with non-symmetric cross-sections. Analytical and numerical solutions for spatial buckling of shear deformable thin-walled circular beams are presented and compared in order to illustrate the accuracy and the practical usefulness of this study. In addition, the extensive parametric studies are performed on spatial stability behavior of curved beams. Particularly transition and crossover phenomena of buckling mode shapes with change in curvature and length of beam on buckling for curved beams are investigated for the first time.     

石脑油在SRT-IV型工业炉清洁辐射管中裂解的数学模拟

为了更准确模拟石脑油工业裂解实际生产情况 ,提出基于实际装置的炉膛烟气温度分布的二次函数形式和反应管路的局部压降计算思想。根据Kumar提出的分子反应动力学模型 ,关联质量、热量和动量衡算关系式 ,建立了SRT IV型工业裂解炉辐射段的清洁管工艺裂解数学模型。模拟计算结果表明 ,裂解炉管出口各项指标与工厂现场标定数据吻合较好     

Confidence measures from local posterior probability estimates

In this paper we introduce a set of related confidence measures for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) based on local phone posterior probability estimates output by an acceptor HMM acoustic model. In addition to their computational efficiency, these confidence measures are attractive as they may be applied at the state-, phone-, word- or utterance-levels, potentially enabling discrimination between different causes of low confidence recognizer output, such as unclear acoustics or mismatched pronunciation models. We have evaluated these confidence measures for utterance verification using a number of different metrics. Experiments reveal several trends in “profitability of rejection", as measured by the unconditional error rate of a hypothesis test. These trends suggest that crude pronunciation models can mask the relatively subtle reductions in confidence caused by out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words and disfluencies, but not the gross model mismatches elicited by non-speech sounds. The observation that a purely acoustic confidence measure can provide improved performance over a measure based upon both acoustic and language model information for data drawn from the Broadcast News corpus, but not for data drawn from the North American Business News corpus suggests that the quality of model fit offered by a trigram language model is reduced for Broadcast News data. We also argue that acoustic confidence measures may be used to inform the search for improved pronunciation models.     

Approximation of fruit skin patterns using spherical Voronoi diagrams

In nature, there are many tessellation patterns on curved surfaces that look like Voronoi diagrams. Typical examples are the patterns found on fruit skins. Verifying that a given tessellation is a Voronoi diagram will be useful for constructing mathematical models of polygonal patterns. However, the data are usually obtained as a 2D projected image, and hence it is not easy to compare it with a Voronoi diagram on a curved surfaces. We propose a framework for using a photograph of a fruit to measure the difference between the pattern on its skin and a spherical Voronoi diagram. The problem of finding the spherical Voronoi diagram that best fits the fruit skin pattern is reduced to an optimization problem. The validity of this formulation is evaluated using jackfruit and lychee. We also propose generalizations of our problem for further research.     

融合主曲率与颜色信息的彩色图像检索算法

针对当前图像检索算法存在特征维度高、检索耗时久、精度低等问题,提出一种基于颜色信息和纹理信息相融合的图像检索算法.首先对彩色图像进行颜色量化和统计以获取其颜色直方图,利用海森矩阵提取彩色图像的表面几何结构曲率信息,并根据提取的曲率信息构建方向梯度加权联合直方图;然后对获得的颜色直方图和加权联合方向梯度直方图进行融合,得...     

Identification of space curves from two-dimensional perspective views

This paper describes a new method to be used for matching three-dimensional objects with curved surfaces to two-dimensional perspective views. The method requires for each three-dimensional object a stored model consisting of a closed space curve representing some characteristic connected curved edges of the object. The input is a two-dimensional perspective projection of one of the stored models represented by an ordered sequence of points. The input is converted to a spline representation which is sampled at equal intervals to derive a curvature function. The Fourier transform of the curvature function is used to represent the shape. The actual matching is reduced to a minimization problem which is handled by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm [3].     

A natural numerical differential geometry scheme for a doubly curved shell element

The natural strain concept of Argyris is used to calculate are lengths and curvatures on each side of a doubly curved triangular shell element. These are able to be used directly to describe natural extensional, flexural and shear strains in the element. These are then transformed to orthogonal curvilinear strains on the shell surface, for which purpose direction cosines of the sides relative to curvilinear axes are estimated using simple but apparently accurate approximations based on the projection of the curved element on the plane defined by the vertex nodes.