Graph Learning in Machine-Readable Plant Topology Data

Digitalization shows that data and its exchange are indispensable for a versatile and sustainable process industry. There must be a shift from a document-oriented to a data-oriented process industry. Standards for the harmonization of data structures play an essential role in this change. In engineering, DEXPI (Data Exchange in the Process Industry) is already a well-developed, machine-readable data standard for describing piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID). In this publication, industry, software vendors, and research institutions have joined forces to demonstrate the current developments and potentials of machine-readable P&IDs in the DEXPI format combined with artificial intelligence. The aim is to use graph neural networks to learn patterns in machine-readable P&ID data, which results in the efficient engineering and development of new P&IDs.     

石油化工装置工艺管道设计的合理性探讨

近年来,随着我国社会经济的飞速发展,石油化工产业得到不断发展,石油化工装置的规模也不断扩大。化工装置的管道设计直接关系到设备的正常运转以及工作人员的人身安全,就必须对其进行合理设计。由于石油化工装置管道的设计要求较为苛刻,同时受到多种因素的共同制约,若设计不当,势必造成严重安全事故,如空气中毒以及火灾爆炸等。以首先阐述石油化工装置工艺管道在设计时应注意的问题,重点探讨其设计的合理性,以望对后期管道设计人员提供一定的借鉴。     

石化企业挥发性有机物无组织排放监测技术进展

无组织排放占石化企业挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放的主导地位,排放点多、面广、量大、分散、无规则,总体表现为大型面源或体积源,监测难度很大。本文评述了点、线和面(通量)等VOCs无组织排放监测技术及应用进展,总结了石化企业VOCs无组织排放监测存在的主要问题与难点,提出了石化企业VOCs无组织排放监测体系及适用监测技术。总体上,石化企业VOCs无组织排放监控存在排放清单质量不高、源头监测及溯源困难、排放烟羽及其迁移扩散途径无定形、厂界等开放空间难以封闭监测、常规监测的时间和空间覆盖有限等问题或技术难点,可复合应用点、线、面及通量监测技术,结合常规离线、实时在线、排放通量、移动快速响应等监测设计,构建覆盖排放与环境影响的多元化、网络化、立体化监控体系。未来石化企业VOCs无组织排放监控将向多层级、智能化和大数据应用发展。     

含氨尾气综合回收治理

随着环保要求的不断提高,如何回收化工生产过程中的生产尾气以及无组织排放气体,已经成为众多化工生产企业的难点之一,本套装置利用现场局排抽风系统,将回收的含氨尾气和无组织排放气体通过填料塔洗涤回收,达到回收、治理尾气的目的,具有广泛的借鉴作用.     

红外掩日通量遥感监测技术在石化VOCs排放监测中的应用

石化企业主要以无组织形式排放烷烃、烯烃、芳烃等挥发性有机物(VOCs),不仅污染大气,也引起加工损失。为有效控制和减少石化VOCs排放,有必要监测石化企业VOCs排放总量及分布。红外掩日通量遥感监测技术(SOF)是当前VOCs无组织排放通量监测最佳实用技术之一,简要介绍了其技术原理、测量方法、应用范围及在石化VOCs排放监控中的应用。     

环境治理中泄漏排放的监测及控制方法初探

对监测及控制泄漏在环境治理中的重要性进行了总结,进而对于泄漏排放的来源作了简要阐述,在国内外对于泄漏排放的监测及控制的前提下进行了详述,总结出了对于泄漏排放有效的监测及控制。     

PSE for problem solving excellence in industrial R&D

PSE, process systems engineering, is about the development and application of systematic methods for process studies by the chemical engineer. By means of software tools, the application of these methods is facilitated. Over the last about half a century, CAPE (computer aided process engineering) tools have found their way into process engineering. For example it is unthinkable nowadays to design a plant without a simulation through a process simulator. But there are many more applications of PSE in industry.The aim of this paper is to provide a taste of the meaning of PSE within the industrial R&D environment. The intention is not to provide a complete overview but to give a flavour of what is perceived as the benefits of PSE during process development, and, in which areas PSE should be extended to render further benefits. The combined approach of experiments and modelling offers a very (cost-)effective strategy in industrial R&D. Further improvements are desired in the areas related to process intensification (PI) and (conceptual) product design. It is believed that the current methods would be more beneficial and have a stronger applicability in industry by inclusion of semi-predictive models and uncertainty considerations.     

A methodology for the sustainable design and implementation strategy of CO2 utilization processes

This work presents a systematic methodology that has been developed for the design of sustainable CO₂ utilization processes that can mitigate CO₂ and also guarantee profitability. First, the three-stage methodology, evaluation criteria and applicable tools are described. Especially, the process design and analysis is discussed as only limited amounts of process data is available for determining the optimal processing path and in the third stage the issue of implementation strategy is considered. As examples, two CO₂ utilization methods for methanol production, combined reforming and direct synthesis are considered. Methanol plants employing such methods are developed using synthesis-design and simulation tools and their evaluation indicators are calculated under various implementation strategies. It is demonstrated that integrating or replacing an existing conventional methanol plant by a combined reforming method represents a sustainable solution. Additionally, producing methanol through direct hydrogenation is a promising way to convert CO₂ when cheap H₂ feeds are available.     

粗苯净化工序存在的问题及改进措施

对粗苯净化工艺运行中存在的问题进行了分析。通过调整工艺参数、改造工艺管道及设备等措施,稳定洗苯操作,洗苯塔后煤气含苯控制在4g/m3以下。     

Implementation of a block-oriented model library for undergraduate process control courses in EMSO simulator

Process control courses usually have a section of the course focused on the building of block diagrams for modeling, simulation, and analysis of open and closed loop processes. For this purpose, students are often oriented to build models using SIMULINK or XCOS because of the versatility of these powerful tools in the easy construction of mathematical models using the concept of block-oriented programming. In this paper we propose a model library built in the software EMSO that allows the user to create block diagrams for process control studies. EMSO is a powerful tool for process modeling, dynamic simulation and optimization, freely available for academic purpose. With the developed library, analysis of systems responses, even for complex processes, can be carried out and PID controller tuning tasks are made easier and less time-consuming to the students, allowing them to advance in the study of more complex control strategies such as ratio, cascade, override, feedforward, among others. Students valued the developed tool as a very useful and practical one to favor a control course learning process and between equivalent and advantageous tool when compared with SIMULINK and XCOS.     

钢铁厂原料堆粉尘无组织排放抑制技术进展

钢铁厂原料堆在风蚀作用、卸料以及取料过程中无组织排放的粉尘严重污染周围空气,危害工人身体健康。阐述了目前钢铁厂原料堆粉尘无组织排放抑制技术及存在的问题,通过原料堆的静态扬尘量以及动态扬尘量的估算公式,表明减小环境的来流风速与原料堆起尘临界风速的差值可有效降低粉尘的无组织排放量;介绍了喷水抑尘、喷抑尘剂抑尘、防风抑尘网抑尘、封闭料场抑尘以及新型生物纳膜抑尘、云雾抑尘技术,对比了这些技术的抑尘机理、抑尘效率、影响因素、技术优缺点,得出使抑尘效果最优的结构参数,提出未来应关注的研究方向。     

Supply chain risk identification using a HAZOP‐based approach

Risk management has become imperative for today's complex supply chains. Most approaches reported in the literature have been ad‐hoc and specific to certain risks; a general and comprehensive approach is lacking. To address this, we present a structured methodology for risk identification. Supply chain networks are in many ways similar to chemical plants, therefore well‐established methods and concepts from chemical process risk management can be adapted to supply chains. Drawing from this analogy, we propose to represent supply chain structure and operations using flow and work‐flow diagrams, equivalent to process flow diagrams (PFDs) and operating procedures. Following the HAZard and OPerability (HAZOP) analysis method common in process safety, risk identification can be performed by systematically generating deviations in different supply chain parameters and identifying their possible causes, consequences, safeguards, and mitigating actions. The application and benefits of the proposed approach are demonstrated using a refinery supply chain case study. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

The Influence of the Spray Drying Process on Product Properties

Abstract

Uniform and repeatable product characteristics are critical in the performance and acceptance of consumer products, and the spray drying process can have a major influence on achieving these characteristics. This article shares experiences in the Spray Drying of powdered detergent granules in Procter & Gamble. It looks at the influence of both process operation and process equipment design on product characteristics. Procter & Gamble (P&G) is a major global producer of consumer products in the areas of fabric and home care; personal and beauty care; health care; and snacks and beverages. Whilst different drying operations, and product quality measuring tools are mentioned by Genskow (Genskow, L.R.¹ Considerations in Drying Consumer Products, Proceedings of 6th International Drying Symposium, Versailles, September, 1988; Keynote lecture, 39–46.) as being involved in all of the categories of Company production, I will concentrate on the counter-current Spray Drying process and controls, used in the manufacture of most of the detergent granules business of P&G. This area is the oldest and largest of the Company's core business activities. Innovative technology development is critical in continuing to satisfy the consumer need for performance and value. Use of modeling in the spray drying process is helping the Company to move faster in delivering these advanced technologies. And, through better understanding of the process, it is possible to minimize capital expenditure, and improve trouble-shooting ability across the global production facilities.     

Process intensification: A perspective on process synthesis

In recent years, process intensification (PI) has attracted considerable academic interest as a potential means for process improvement, to meet the increasing demands for sustainable production. A variety of intensified operations developed in academia and industry creates a large number of options to potentially improve the process but to identify the set of feasible solutions for PI in which the optimal can be found takes considerable resources. Hence, a process synthesis tool to achieve PI would potentially assist in the generation and evaluation of PI options. Currently, several process design tools with a clear focus on specific PI tasks exist. Therefore, in this paper, the concept of a general systematic framework for synthesis and design of PI options in hierarchical steps through analyzing an existing process, generating PI options in a superstructure and evaluating intensified process options is presented. For each step, different tools and methods will be needed. In this paper, a knowledge base tool storing and retrieving necessary information/data about intensified processes/equipments has been highlighted including metrics for performance evaluation. The application of the main concepts is illustrated through an example involving the operation of a membrane reactor.     

High Temperature Co-Electrolysis as a Key Technology for CO2 Emission Mitigation – A Model-Based Assessment of CDA and CCU

The mitigation of CO₂ emissions is a major challenge for modern society. While the mitigation of energy-related emissions can be achieved comparatively easy by switching to renewable energy sources, reduction of process-related industrial emissions is considerably more challenging. To reduce industrial CO₂ emissions, two basic routes are available: carbon direct avoidance (CDA) and carbon capture and utilization (CCU). It is shown that in terms of efficiency, CDA is to be favored when applicable. However, for applications where emissions cannot be avoided, CCU can be a viable approach allowing for emission mitigation.     

多级注射成型工艺在PVC-U管件生产中的应用

通过对多级注射成型工艺特点的分析，给出多级注射工艺的特性曲线；结合多级注射成型工艺在硬聚氯乙烯（PVC－U）管件加工中的应用，总结出PVC－U管件加工中多级注射工艺流程特性曲线的特点，举例说明了多级注射成型工艺的使用方法，提出了PVC－U管件生产中不易解决的注射缺陷，如注射银纹，烧伤，熔接痕及排气等问题有效解决方法。     

Process Modeling Issues in the Design of a Continuous-Flow Process for the Production of Ibuprofen

The continuous-flow production of active pharmaceutical ingredients is a spreading applicative research field. Process simulation tools are effective means for in silico process design, but care is needed. A paradigmatic example is the synthesis of ibuprofen. First, the most appropriate thermodynamic models must be selected. The rich databases now available to collect thermodynamic properties are often insufficient because unconventional molecules are usually part of the recipe or found as intermediates or products. Furthermore, in some reaction steps ionic properties may be needed rather than those of the neutral molecules. All these points need a careful optimization of the methods for the estimation of the properties, with possible huge discrepancies of the results.     

Organophile Nanofiltration – Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze zur Anwendung eines innovativen Membrantrennverfahrens

Coupling of innovative and conventional separation technologies has a large potential to improve the energy and solvent demands of existing processes. One example is organic solvent nanofiltration, a pressure‐driven membrane separation process suitable for applications in organic solvents. Challenges are mostly related to the conceptual and detailed process design. To address these challenges, a variety of different tools were developed, integrated within an overall five‐step design workflow and demonstrated on a case study.     

空分装置低温液体管道的配管设计

结合某煤化工项目配套空分装置,详细介绍了空分装置后备系统低温液体管道的布置、绝热设计及管架设计要点,重点分析了后备低温液体泵的配管原则,对低温富氧液体管线的设计加以说明,提出了有效的解决方法及相应的防范措施。     

The development of A 2-D graphical process flowsheet generator (PFG) and a piping and instrumentation generator (PIG)

Two software packages PFG and PIG are described. They enable users to draw 2-D process flowsheet and piping and instrumentation diagrams in monochrome and colour using graphical input/output.Ikon and menu driven input techniques together with a pen-like stylus or mouse are exploited to generate a highly interactive environment which facilitates process design and analysis in much greater depth than was previously possible. Developed for undergraduate teaching the packages are also relevant to practising engineers and to those involved in software engineering for the process industries. PFG and PIG are written in FORTRAN 77 using GINO-F for drawing. They interface with commercial process flowsheeting simulators producing the topological equipment stream connection information from the screen display.