基于PDMS纳米粒子改性的热模压技术

介绍了一种采用纳米SiO2、TiO2改性聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)的方法,研究了两种纳米材料SiO2、TiO2添加的比例对热压效果的影响及优化条件,并分析了其改性后的热膨胀系数及杨氏模量的变化,以及其改性后热压效果的提高进行了初步分析,最后用改性的PDMS材料,快速成型来制造热压模具,热压制作聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微流控芯片。与常用的金属模具(如镍模具)相比,此方法具有脱模容易,工艺周期短,难度低,重复性好,价格低等优点。     

Organo-lanthanide complexes as luminescent dopants in polymer waveguides fabricated by hot embossing

Lanthanide complexes, Eu(dbm)₃(Phen) and Er(dbm)₃(Phen), are employed as luminescent dopants within polymer channel waveguide devices fabricated by hot embossing. Spectroscopic properties of the complexes as dopants in the waveguide core polymer are investigated in detail. Judd–Ofelt parameters are calculated for the europium chelate and radiative properties are determined viz. potential for optical amplification. Channel waveguides fabricated by single level embossing are shown to be capable of guiding visible and infrared light emitted following optical excitation of the dopants. Multi-level polymer micro-optical benches incorporating doped channel waveguides and passive locational features for self-alignment and integration of optical fibres are fabricated in a multi-level single-step embossing process and are shown to successfully out-couple the waveguided dopant emission.     

Silica nanowires fabricated with layer-by-layer self-assembled nanoparticles

In this paper we demonstrate an approach to fabricate silica nanowires by combining "top-down" e-beam lithography and "bottom-up" layer-by-layer (LbL) nano self-assembly techniques. The simple and low-cost LbL self-assembly technique is used to grow silica nanoparticle thin film, while the e-beam lithography based lift-off technique is implemented to pattern the self-assembled thin film to nanometer scale. The silica nanowires fabricated by this method have an average width of 90 nm, while the minimum width obtained is 63 nm. Our experimental results indicate a new approach to fabricate nanowires that can be used in nanoelectronic devices and circuits.     

Al doped ZnO nanogranular film fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly method and its application for gas sensors

ZnO is one of the most promising materials for gas sensor. Nanogranular films with ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio have great potential in gas sensor application. In this paper, Al doped ZnO nanogranular films were fabricated by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method and the gas sensitivity of ZnO films were investigated. The results show that sensitivity of Al:ZnO gas sensors is up to 12 against 20000 ppm hydrogen, while the response time and recovery time of the sensor are only 12 s and 25 s respectively. The high sensitivity is attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanogranular and porous structure of self-assembled films.     

利用静电层层自组装技术修饰静电纺纳米纤维制造复合纳米纤维膜的研究进展

综述了静电层层自组装技术修饰静电纺纳米纤维制造复合纳米纤维膜的研究进展,其中包括复合纳米纤维膜的形成机理及潜在应用.     

Metal-oxide-Semiconductor capacitors fabricated by layer-by-layer nanoassembly and microfabrication

Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors were fabricated by electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly (LbL-SA) combined with a modified lift-off technique. The MOS capacitors were built on both n-type and p-type silicon substrates. The numbers of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticle layers were varied to characterize the electrical performance of MOS capacitors. Unlike the conventional process, LbL-SA allows us to deposit the thin films for a semiconductor device with a lower temperature, lower cost, and shorter processing time. The stability of the silica insulation layers was also investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) served to monitor the film quality of the self-assembled thin films.     

Enzyme microcapsules with substrate selective permeability constructed via layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte self-assembly

Polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules with entrapped horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been prepared via a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly strategy of polycation and polyanion on CaCO₃ microparticles as templates. Preparation conditions have been studied and optimized. Within the investigated ranges, use of buffer solutions with lower pH value or lower ionic strength in the buffer solution for polyelectrolyte self-assembly has resulted in thinner polyelectrolyte film and higher permeability of the microcapsules. For dissolving the CaCO₃ templates, use of weakly acidic (pH 4.0) buffer solution in place of routinely used EDTA reagent has improved the catalytic activity of microcapsules. The HRP-containing microcapsules have exhibited catalytic activity to pyrogallol as substrate, while the catalytic activity to 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was severely suppressed. No less than 90% of the maximum enzymatic activity to pyrogallol has remained after 30 days. Promising prospects in various biocatalysis applications have been expected for the enzyme microcapsules, due to their selective permeability, stability and reusability.     

Bioactive multilayer thin films of charged N,N-disubstituted hydrazine phosphorus dendrimers fabricated by layer-by-layer self-assembly

Charged N,N-disubstituted hydrazine phosphorus-containing dendrimers are deposited either as alternate all-dendrimers multilayers or alternating with linear polymers on 3-mercaptopropionic acid or 3-aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane coated surfaces via electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly. The behavior of the film formation is investigated by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and ellipsometry. Fetal cortical rat neurons were cultured on the dendrimer films in order to investigate the influence of the surface charge of the outermost layer on their adhesion and maturation. It was found that neurons attached preferentially and matured slightly faster on film surfaces terminated with positively charged dendrimers than on negatively charged surfaces.     

Polymeric optofluidic Fabry-Perot sensor by direct laser machining and hot embossing

We present a polymeric-based Fabry-Perot optofluidic sensor fabricated by combining direct laser machining and hot embossing. This technique provides a more elegant solution to conventional hot embossing by increasing the production rate, improving the reproducibility, and further reducing the cost, providing a large working area and flexibility in design modification and customization. As a proof of concept, a Fabry-Perot (F-P) optofluidic sensor was fabricated in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) from a micromachined stamp. The experimental results of the sensor agree well with analytical calculations and show a sensitivity of 2.13×10?3 RIU/nm for fluid refractive index change.     

Synthesis and layer-by-layer self-assembly of silver nanoparticles capped by mercaptosulfonic acid

Spherical silver nanoparticles capped by mercaptosulfonic acid with a diameter of about 8 nm were prepared by a simple chemical reaction. The resulting silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique, the multilayer films containing silver nanoparticles and polycation poly(dialyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) were successfully fabricated. The fabrication process was monitored by UV–vis spectra and the morphology of the multilayer films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cyclic voltammogram (CV) measurements further confirmed that the silver nanoparticles had assembled into the multilayer films successfully. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements showed that the multilayer films containing silver nanoparticles could serve as SERS-active substrate.     

聚合物合金和纳米复合材料

本文概述了塑料合金和纳米复合材料最近技术和市场开发动向及其未来发展的预测。     

Multifunctional CNTs nanohybrids decorated with magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles layer-by-layer

Fe₃O₄/CNTs nanocomposites, which were prepared by polyol-medium in situ high-temperature decomposition of Fe(acac)₃ using PVP as stabilizing agent and modified with SDS, were further decorated with high-quality ZnS nanocrystal via a wet technique in glycol solution. The obtained ZnS/Fe₃O₄/CNTs nanohybrids were characterized by XRD, FT–IR, Raman microscope, TEM, EDS, XPS, VSM and fluorophotometers. Results indicated that magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and fluorescent ZnS nanocrystal were uniformly dispersed on the surface of CNTs layer-by-layer with PVP and SDS as stabilizing agent and ion-capture agent, respectively. The novel multi-functional nanohybrids exhibit super-paramagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization about 6·795 emu g^???1 at room temperature and show a strong emission band at 367 nm with a broad shoulder around 342–483 nm due to the interactions and/or background emissions of Fe₃O₄ and CNTs. The superparamagnetic and fluorescent properties of obtained products are promising for potential applications in magnetically guided and fluorescence tracing drug delivery systems.     

基于真空辅助层层自组装的透明柔性纳米芳纶薄膜的制备

通过二甲基亚砜（DMSO）-KOH体系溶解宏观芳纶纤维（AF）成功制备了直径为40~50 nm、长度为2~5 μm的纳米芳纶纤维（NAF）,并利用SEM、TEM、FTIR、Raman和XRD对NAF和AF的微观形貌、化学结构、结晶结构进行了分析。结果表明,NAF与AF具有相似的化学结构,同时NAF保留了AF大部分的结晶结构,只是纤维尺寸有一定的差异。通过真空辅助层层自组装法制备了具有层状致密结构的NAF复合薄膜,该薄膜展现出很好的透明、柔性、耐温性和力学性能,具有一定的亲液性能（接触角为81.5°）及优异的抗液体渗透和抗液体吸收性能。      

Facile construction of multicompartment multienzyme system through layer-by-layer self-assembly and biomimetic mineralization

In nature, some organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts possess multicompartment structure, which render powerful and versatile performance in cascade conversion, selective separation, and energy transfer. In this study, mitochondria-inspired hybrid double membrane microcapsules (HDMMCs) were prepared through synergy between biomimetic mineralization and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly using double templating strategy. The organic inner membrane was acquired via LbL self-assembly of oxidized alginate (o-alginate) and protamine on the CaCO(3) template, the silica template layer was then formed onto the inner membrane through biomimetic silicification using protamine as inducer and silicate as precursor, the organic-inorganic hybrid outer membrane was acquired via biomimetic mineralization of titanium precursor. After the CaCO(3) template and the silica template are removed subsequently, multicompartment microcapsules with microscale lumen and nanoscale intermembrane space were obtained. The double membrane structure of the HDMMCs was verified by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and the superior mechanical stability of HDMMCs was demonstrated by osmotic pressure experiment and fluorescence microscopy. A multienzyme system was constructed by following this protocol: the first enzyme was encapsulated in the lumen of the HDMMCs, whereas the second enzyme was encapsulated in the intermembrane space. Compared to encapsulated multienzyme in single-compartment microcapsules (SCMCs) or in free form in aqueous solution, enzymatic activity, selectivity, and recycling stability of HDMMCs-enabled multienzyme system were significantly improved. Because of the inherent gentle and generic feature, the present study can be utilized to create a variety of compartment structures for the potential applications in chemical/biological catalysis and separation, drug/gene delivery systems, and biosensors.     

Monitoring the layer-by-layer self-assembly of graphene and graphene oxide by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Thin films of graphene oxide, graphene and copper (II) phthalocyanine dye have been successfully fabricated by electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly approach. We present the first variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) investigation on these graphene-dye hybrid thin films. The thickness evaluation suggested that our LbL assembly process produces highly uniform and reproducible thin films. We demonstrate that the refractive indices of the graphene-dye thin films undergo dramatic variation in the range close to the absorption of the dyes. This investigation provides new insight to the optical properties of graphene containing thin films and shall help to establish an appropriate optical model for graphene-based hybrid materials.     

聚苯胺/磺化酞菁铜自组装复合薄膜的制备与表征

运用层层自组装的技术制备了聚苯胺/磺化酞菁铜(PANI/CuTsPc)超分子复合薄膜,并通过紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱、傅立叶红外光谱、X射线衍射仪与原子力显微镜对薄膜进行了表征与分析.紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱表明,PANI和CuTsPe具有良好的层层自组装特性,沉积过程具有均匀性与重复性;傅立叶红外光谱表明,复合薄膜是由PANI和CuTsPc组成的,PANI和cuTsPc通过静电力的作用组装成膜;X射线衍射结果表明,复合薄膜是非晶态的;原子力显微镜观察到薄膜表面是比较均匀和致密的,但有一定的粗糙度.     

层层自组装法制备光敏变色复合薄膜及其性能表征

采用层层自组装法成功制备了以光敏变色材料和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为基质的光敏变色复合薄膜。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别表征了光敏变色复合薄膜的化学组成和横断面形貌;研究了复合薄膜在紫外光照射下的光敏变色性能;用万能力学试验机和热重分析(TGA)分别检测了复合薄膜的力学性能和热稳定性能。结果表明:光敏变色材料与聚乙烯醇通过氢键结合形成光敏变色复合薄膜;SEM分析表明,光敏变色复合薄膜是典型的"三明治"结构;随着光敏变色材料浓度的增加,复合薄膜在紫外光照射下的总色度指数(ΔE*)呈现递增趋势;光敏变色复合薄膜的拉伸强度随光敏变色材料浓度的增加先增加后降低;复合薄膜的断裂伸长率随光敏变色材料的增加逐渐降低;TGA分析表明,光敏变色复合薄膜的热稳定性介于聚乙烯醇膜与光敏变色物质之间。     

乙二醇溶剂热合成自组装SrTiO3片状纳米结构及其光催化性能

以钛酸四正丁酯((C4H9O)4Ti)水解沉淀的钛羟基氧化物和硝酸锶(Sr(NO3)2)为反应原料,以氢氧化钾(KOH)为矿化剂,以乙二醇((HOCH2)2)为溶剂,经200℃溶剂热反应得到了由纳米颗粒自组装形成的SrTiO3片状纳米结构。分别用XRD、SEM、TEM表征SrTiO3粉体的物相结构和微观形貌。通过光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)对比研究了乙二醇溶剂热合成的纳米颗粒自组装SrTiO3片状纳米结构和水热合成的SrTiO3粉体的光催化性能,结果表明,乙二醇溶剂热合成的SrTiO3自组装片状纳米结构具有更加优异的光催化性能。     

Defect- and dopant-controlled carbon nanotubes fabricated by self-assembly of graphene nanoribbons

Molecular dynamics simulations showed that a basal carbon nanotube can activate and guide the fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on its internal surface by self-assembly of edge-unpassivated graphene nanoribbons with defects. Furthermore, the distribution of defects on self-assembled CNTs is controllable. The system temperature and defect fraction are two main factors that influence the success of self-assembly. Due to possible joint flaws formed at the boundaries under a relatively high constant temperature, a technique based on increasing the temperature is adopted. Self-assembly is always successful for graphene nanoribbons with relatively small defect fractions, while it will fail in cases with relatively large ones. Similar to the self-assembly of graphene nanoribbons with defects, graphene nanoribbons with different types of dopants can also be self-assembled into carbon nanotubes. The finding provides a possible fabrication technique not only for carbon nanotubes with metallic or semi-conductive properties but also for carbon nanotubes with electromagnetic induction characteristics.

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Effect of norbornene content on deformation properties and hot embossing of cyclic olefin copolymers

The dynamic mechanical behaviour of a series of cyclic olefin copolymers (COCs) with varying norbornene content has been examined in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature, T _g. Using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), the temperature of the glass transition in COC increased linearly with increase in % norbornene. Above T _g, the magnitude of the elastic storage modulus, E′, decreased exponentially with rise in temperature for all of the copolymers. The loss modulus, E″, has also sharply decreased at temperatures above the transition with a levelling-off in E″ at ≥20 °C above T _g for all grades. The results of DMTA have been used in the identification of the optimum conditions for hot embossing experiments. Hot embossing of COC at ≥20 °C above the transition temperature in a region of viscous liquid flow has resulted in a full replication of channel depth without cracking or distortion.