IDEF0与CPN的自动转换方法研究

在大型工程系统的建模与分析中,将系统的静态IDEF0模型转换为动态CPN模型的方法得到大量的应用,但是人工转换既繁琐也容易出错。该文在IDEF0和CPN模型的形式化表示分析的基础上,提出两种模型自动转换的一般步骤和方法。     

An integrated modelling framework to support manufacturing system diagnosis for continuous improvement

This paper proposes an integrated modelling framework for the analysis of manufacturing systems that can increase the capacity of modelling tools for rapidly creating a structured database with multiple detail levels and thus obtain key performance indicators (KPIs) that highlight possible areas for improvement. The method combines five important concepts: hierarchical structure, quantitative/qualitative analysis, data modelling, manufacturing database and performance indicators. It enables methods to build a full information model of the manufacturing system, from the shopfloor functional structure to the basic production activities (operations, transport, inspection, etc.). The proposed method is based on a modified IDEF model that stores all kind of quantitative and qualitative information. A computer-based support tool has been developed to connect with the IDEF model, creating automatically a relational database through a set of algorithms. This manufacturing datawarehouse is oriented towards obtaining a rapid global vision of the system through multiple indicators. The developed tool has been provided with different scorecard panels to make use of KPIs to decide the best actions for continuous improvement. To demonstrate and validate both the proposed method and the developed tools, a case study has been carried out for a complex manufacturing system.     

基于IDEF0的CIMS底层控制Petri网模型的自动生成方法

IDEF0广泛用于CIMS的功能说明,Petri网适用于对离散事件动态系统建模.在 CIMS中,两者结合起来,对于CIMS底层控制、生产调度、动态仿真都具有重要意义.文中研 究了IDEF0的形式化描述方法,讨论了有关概念,给出了由IDEF0生成Petri网的形式化方 法,并用一例说明其整体思想.     

扩展的IDEF0(EIDEF0)方法

简要介绍了目前软件设计与开发的现状,指出结构化设计在目前的软件设计开发中起着重要的作用。介绍了结构化设计方法的代表之一IDEF0方法,指出了其优点和不足之处。通过对IDEF0方法进行扩展,使得扩展的IDEF0(EIDEF0)方法在软件设计中起到了承上启下的作用,实现IDEF0方法从功能模型到软件设计的平滑过渡。并根据EIDEF0方法,开发了EIDEF0软件辅助设计系统,给EIDEF0方法提供了实现的良好工具,为EIDEF0方法的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

Extending IDEF1X to model fuzzy data

IDEF1X has provided a formal framework for consistent modeling of the data necessary for the integration of various functional areas in computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). The basic idea has been extensively applied in current manufacturing industry. Imprecise and uncertain information, however, is generally involved in many engineering activities. It is especially true for constructing intelligent manufacturing systems. This paper provides extensions to the IDEF1X, which makes it possible to represent fuzzy information.     

IDEF0方法在学位论文评审信息化平台分析设计中的应用

对IDEF0方法在学位论文评审信息化平台分析设计的应用进行了深入探讨。IDEF0模型具有简单、全面且描述能力强等优点,学位论文评审信息化平台是以管理活动为支撑,以信息为基础,覆盖范围广,涉及人员多的复杂系统,用IDEF0模型对其进行描述,使得复杂系统明了化、层次化,可以加深管理人员和技术人员对系统的共同理解,从而提高系统开发的效率并提高系统的实用性。     

Integration of information model (IDEF1) with function model (IDEFO) for CIM information systems design

In this paper a methodology is proposed for the integration of IDEFI with IDEF0, allowing an IDEFI model to be generated easily from the corresponding IDEFO model. The methodology involves: (1) the principle for the integration of IDEFI with IDEFO based on the concepts of IDEF methods; (2) the new requirements for IDEFO diagrams at the relative bottom levels to meet the prerequisites for the integration of IDEF models; (3) the development of a knowledge-based system (KBIDEF) for the integration of the IDEFI model with its corresponding IDEFO model; (4) the design of two databases: object-oriented IDEF0 and IDEFI databases, three libraries: Entity Class Library, Relation Class Library and Domain Relation Class Library and two knowledge bases: Relation Analysis Knowledge Base and Domain Knowledge Base for CIM information system design. Finally, the paper suggests some areas for future work.     

Information modelling for manufacturing systems: A case study

This paper addresses the information-modeling issue for SAIL 1, an integrated shopfloor manufacturing system with flexible manufacturing and material-handling capabilities at the City University of Hong Kong. Based on analyses of the system configuration and information flow structure of SAIL 1, this paper presents a data-modeling strategy to model its information system from the system-physical configuration, system-operation control and system-operation monitoring, respectively. By using the IDEF1x methodology to abstract, classify and define the information objects and the interrelationships between them, three semantic data models were constructed in accordance with the system requirements and modeling strategy, from which the internal and external schemata of the SAIL 1 information system can be derived correspondingly.     

基于Petri网的制造过程重组

首先用ＩＤＥＦ０建模方法对系统进行描述，然后将其转换为Ｐｅｔｒｉ网模型以确定制造活动间的选择，冲突，同步和并发关系，进一步用基于关联矩阵的重组算法对制造活动进行重组，建立制造活动耦合集间的同步和冲突表，从而达到了利用制造活动耦合集间的并和来减少制造过程周期的目的。     

军用测试系统体系结构演化开发过程研究

测试系统体系结构作为测试系统的蓝图,为人们宏观把握系统的整体结构提供了一条有效途径。基于系统进一步发展的技术需要,研究了军用测试系统体系结构演化开发过程,它将并行、迭代、柔性等先进工程设计思想融入到体系结构的开发过程中;并建立了军用测试系统体系结构演化开发过程的概念模型—IDEF0模型,为最终实现军用测试系统体系结构演化开发过程奠定了基础。     

A knowledge-based simulation environment for hierarchical flexiblemanufacturing

This article presents an approach to embedding expert systems within an object oriented simulation environment. The basic idea is to create classes of expert system models that can be interfaced with other model classes. An expert system shell is developed within a knowledge-based design and simulation environment which combines artificial intelligence and systems modeling concepts. In the given framework, interruptible and distributed expert systems can be defined as components of simulations models. This facilitates simulation modeling of knowledge-based controls for flexible manufacturing and many other autonomous intelligent systems. Moreover, the structure of a system can be specified using a recursive system entity structure (SES) and unfolded to generate a family of hierarchical structures using an extension of SES pruning called recursive pruning. This recursive generation of hierarchical structures is especially appropriate for design of multilevel flexible factories. The article illustrates the utility of the proposed framework within the flexible manufacturing context     

Knowledge-based environment for investigating multicomputer architectures

Multicomputers for massively parallel processing will eventually employ billions of processing elements, each of which will be capable of communicating with every other processing element. A knowledge-based modelling and simulation environment (KBMSE) for investigating such multicomputer architecture at a discrete-event system level is described. The KBMSE implements the discrete-event system specification (DEVS) formalism in an object-oriented programming system of Scheme (a dialect), which supports building models in a hierarchical, modular manner, a systems-oriented approach not possible in conventional simulation languages. The paper presents a framework for knowledge-based modelling and simulation by exemplifying modelling a hypercube multicomputer architecture in the KBMSE. The KBMSE has been tested on a variety of domains characterized by complex, hierarchical structures such as advanced multicomputer architectures, local area computer networks, intelligent multi-robot organizations, and biologically based life-support systems.     

基于IDEF&UML的生产过程管理系统的建模研究

提出了IDEF与UML两者结合的系统建模方法,能够有效地避免IDEF对信息过程流建模和UML语义描述精确性及使用灵活性的不足.该方法采用IDEF0进行系统功能建模,用IDEF1x和UML模型进行信息建模和面向对象的软件系统设计.用该方法设计的沈阳某冶金设备有限公司的基于组件的生产过程管理系统模型具有良好的维护性、可扩展性和重用性,证明了该方法的可行性.     

Evaluation of techniques for manufacturing process analysis

In the last 20 years, several methodologies, models and tools have been developed for the analysis and optimisation of manufacturing systems in order to propose general improvements. Many of these techniques make extensive use of data modelling, simulation, decision-making support, expert systems and reference models. This paper presents the first outcome of a piece of research work to integrate manufacturing process analysis into an integrated modelling framework covering all aspects related to the shop-floor as it really is. The main methodologies and software tools have been identified and evaluated and the results tested on industrial examples. As a result of this evaluation it has been possible to identify the inefficiencies of the techniques. These problems are connected with integrating the different types of data to be analysed—such as quality, time, costs, resource capacity, productivity, flexibility or improvements—into a single analysis environment. The inefficiencies detected enable us to present a general framework for making better use of modelling techniques for manufacturing process analysis. Received July 2005 / Accepted January 2006     

基于IDEF＆ML的生产过程管理系统的建模研究

提出了IDEF与UML两者结合的系统建模方法，能够有效地避免IDEF对信息过程流建模和UML语义描述精确性及使用灵活性的不足．该方法采用IDEF0进行系统功能建模，用IDEFlx和UML模型进行信息建模和面向对象的软件系统设计．用该方法设计的沈阳某冶金设备有限公司的基于组件的生产过程管理系统模型具有良好的维护性、可扩展性和重用性，证明了该方法的可行性．     

From participatory design to participating problem solving: Enhancing system adaptability through user modelling

The issue on the role of users in knowledge-based systems can be investigated from two aspects: the design aspect and the functionality aspect. Participatory design is an important approach for the first aspect while system adaptability supported by user modelling is crucial to the second aspect. In the article, we discuss the second aspect. We view a knowledge-based computer system as the partner of users' problem-solving process, and we argue that the system functionality can be enhanced by adapting the behaviour of the system to fit the needs of users with different profiles. We emphasise that the notion of user modelling is crucial to realise such kind of flexibility. User modelling will be beneficial to the user, not only through adaptive interfaces, but also through the enhanced system adaptability. In a knowledge-based system, by incorporating user models, searching can be reduced to a smaller portion in the knowledge-base, thus enhancing system functionality. In other words, user modelling is incorporated to realise flexible inference control to achieve system adaptability. An example is provided, and a general conceptual model is sketched. We conclude this paper by emphasising that the design aspect and functionality aspect are complementary. Achieving enhanced functionality through joint efforts of computers and human users indicates a kind of participatory execution of computerised problem-solving or participatory problem-solving.     

Cognitive,collaborative, conceptual and creative — Four characteristics of the next generation of knowledge-based CAD systems: A study in biologically inspired design

We envision that the next generation of knowledge-based CAD systems will be characterized by four features: they will be based on cognitive accounts of design, and they will support collaborative design, conceptual design, and creative design. In this paper, we first analyze these four dimensions of CAD. We then report on a study in the design, development and deployment of a knowledge-based CAD system for supporting biologically inspired design that illustrates these four characteristics. This system, called DANE for Design by Analogy to Nature Engine, provides access to functional models of biological systems. Initial results from in situ deployment of DANE in a senior-level interdisciplinary class on biologically inspired design indicates its usefulness in helping designers conceptualize design of complex systems, thus promising enough to motivate continued work on knowledge-based CAD for biologically inspired design. More importantly from our perspective, DANE illustrates how cognitive studies of design can inform the development of CAD systems for collaborative, conceptual, and creative design, help assess their use in practice, and provide new insights into human interaction with knowledge-based CAD systems.     

Automatic derivation of BPEL4WS from IDEF0 process models

Integration definition for function modelling (IDEF0) is one of the most popular notations for modelling business processes. It employs a rather simple and intuitive modelling construct, consisting of boxes representing functions and arrows connecting them signifying flow of information and materials. Web services on the other hand are an emerging technology for implementing distributed systems. Web service orchestration languages, such as Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS), are the emerging approach for describing processes as networks of coordinated web services. Business processes as captured in IDEF0 models, however, may contain both web services as well as other types of activities which need to be coordinated. By automatically analysing the Extensible Markup Language (XML) definition of an IDEF0 model, we can identify how web services interact with other activities and at runtime generate code to support the orchestration of web services with the overall business process. The approach proposed is independent of the orchestration language and ensures an implementation independent model for specifying web service orchestrations. This approach also enables the top-down analysis of a business process to its constituent web services and avoids any misalignment problems during design time between the two.     

A knowledge-based decision support system for the management of parts and tools in FMS

Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are very complex systems with large part, tool, and information flows. The aim of this work is to develop a knowledge-based decision support system (KBDSS) for short-term scheduling in FMS strongly influenced by the tool management concept to provide a significant operational control tool for a wide range of machining cells, where a high level of flexibility is demanded, with benefits of more efficient cell utilization, greater tool flow control, and a dependable way of rapidly adjusting short-term production requirements. Development of a knowledge-based system to support the decision making process is justified by the inability of decision makers to diagnose efficiently many of the malfunctions that arise at machine, cell, and entire system levels during manufacturing. In this context, this paper proposes three knowledge-based models to ease the decision making process: an expert production scheduling system, a knowledge-based tool management decision support systems, and a tool management fault diagnosis system. The entire system has been created in a hierarchical manner and comprises more than 400 rules. The expert system (ES) was implemented in a commercial expert system shell, Knowledge Engineering System (KES) Production System (PS).