镁合金AZ31B挤压成形工艺及模具研究

研究了AZ31B镁合金热挤压工艺与模具.实验结果表明(1)经400℃×20 h的均匀化退火后的AZ31B镁合金铸锭,在挤压温度380～400℃、挤压速度1.0～2.5 m/min的工艺条件下,可以挤压出复杂断面的型材,证明其具有良好的热挤压性能.(2)模具结构形式影响挤压力的大小.     

镁合金散热片挤压成型工艺研究

针对AZ31B镁合金的特点,选择不同的挤压温度进行散热片的挤压试验,研究结果显示:AZ31B镁合金在400℃×20 h均匀化退火,挤压温度400℃,挤压速度1.0~2.5 m/min的工艺条件下,具有良好的热挤压性能,可获得具有较高的强度、较好的延展性及复杂断面的散热片。     

AZ31和AZ91镁合金等温挤压及挤压后的微观组织变化

通过等温挤压和金相观察,研究了AZ31和AZ91镁合金不同变形条件下的挤压性能和变形后的微观组织变化。结果表明,AZ31镁合金的挤压变形性能较好,而AZ91镁合金在挤压比为4∶1、挤压温度为400℃,以及在挤压比为9∶1、挤压温度为350℃和400℃时,挤压后的试件表面均出现了裂纹;AZ31镁合金的最佳成形温度为300℃～400℃,AZ91镁合金的最佳成形温度为300℃～350℃;镁合金在热挤压过程中发生了动态再结晶,挤压之后合金的晶粒显著细化。     

挤压比对热挤压AZ80镁合金管材组织和性能的影响

选用不同的挤压比对变形镁合金AZ80进行管材热挤压工艺试验研究,对挤压前后材料组织与力学性能的变化进行分析。结果表明,热挤压可以显著细化AZ80镁合金的晶粒,而且随着挤压比的增加,晶粒变得更加细小;增大挤压比也可以提高AZ80镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度。结果表明,挤压比为18.2,坯料温度为390℃,模具预热温度为360℃,凹模的半模角为60°～70°,可得到均匀的合金组织和良好的力学性能。     

热挤压及固溶处理对AZ61镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同温度下的热挤压工艺以及后续的固溶热处理对AZ61镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了AZ61镁合金拉伸断口形貌,探讨了其拉伸断裂机制.结果表明,热挤压可以细化晶粒、产生高密度位错从而有效提高合金的力学性能,试验发现在385℃下挤压AZ61镁合金组织均匀,塑性最好.经过热处理之后,370℃下挤压AZ61镁合金的强度有很大提高;385℃下挤压AZ61镁合金强度和塑性下降;400℃下挤压AZ61镁合金的塑性显著提高.     

AZ80镁合金罩盖温挤压成形工艺及模具设计

介绍了AZ80镁合金罩盖的结构特点及温挤压成形工艺和模具的设计要点.通过自行设计的温挤压模具,制备了AZ80镁合金罩盖,并对温挤压工艺方案进行了优化.结果表明:采用该工艺及模具能生产出表面质量较好,形状完整的罩盖;在挤压温度为280～400℃之间,挤压速度为10mm·s-1,模具预热温度为150～300℃时,镁合金罩盖的成形性能最好.     

AZ31镁合金挤压板材的显微组织与力学性能研究

为了获得高性能镁合金板材,采用正向热挤压将铸态AZ31镁合金坯料挤压成2 mm厚的板材,研究了其显微组织演变及力学性能等。结果表明:铸态AZ31镁合金坯料挤压成板材后可以获得均匀细小的再结晶晶粒组织,其力学性能(屈服强度、抗拉强度、伸长率)大幅度提升。铸态AZ31镁合金坯料在400、450℃挤压成板材后,平均晶粒尺寸可由390μm分别细化至3.9、5.6μm。挤压后的AZ31镁合金板材展现出典型的(0001)基面织构,大部分晶粒的c轴垂直于板材表面。铸态AZ31镁合金的力学性能较差,而AZ31镁合金挤压板材在三个拉伸方向上均展现出优越的力学性能。随挤压温度的升高,AZ31镁合金挤压板材晶粒长大且显微组织不均匀,综合力学性能也有所下降。     

热压温度对粉末冶金AZ31镁合金性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法在不同热压温度下制备了AZ31镁合金,随后在400℃进行热挤压处理。研究了热压温度对热压-热挤压两步工艺下镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,直接热压后致密度随热压温度的提高而逐渐升高,550℃热压后致密度达到最高为97.3%。经400℃挤压后镁合金致密度得到进一步提高,达到98.5%以上。随着热压温度的逐渐升高,挤压后的镁合金晶粒逐渐增大,拉伸强度逐渐降低,维氏硬度先升高后降低。     

AZ31镁合金汽轮发电机叶片热挤压成形数值模拟

应用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对AZ31镁合金汽轮发电机叶片热挤压进行了数值模拟,得到了350℃时叶片热挤压时等效应力、挤压力及填充特性等关键工艺参数.为镁合金叶片热挤压成形工艺及模具设计提供了必要的理论依据。     

挤压工艺对AZ31镁合金组织与性能的影响

镁合金按制造工艺可分为两大类:变形镁合金和铸造镁合金。AZ31镁合金属于变形镁合金,具有良好的机械性能,主要用于汽车零件、机件壳罩和通信设备等。通过对AZ31镁合金热挤压变形工艺的研究,得出热挤压工艺可以改善镁合金塑性变形的均匀性。对不同的挤压比、不同的变形温度、不同的初始坯料状态进行对比,系统分析了挤压变形工艺参数对挤压过程及AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响,揭示变形材料微观组织和性能间的内在联系,为进一步制备高性能的变形镁合金奠定基础。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.