The golden anniversary symposium: CPA's first 50 years.

The author would like to say a few words about how this symposium was organized and how the participants were selected. When the author was asked to organize a session on the Association's history, it was suggested that the author should involve our past presidents as participants. Therefore, the author began by looking over the list of them in the Directory and discovered: there were 28 living and alert past presidents from whom to choose, all of them most attractive as potential participants and that selecting from among them was going to be very difficult. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Canadian Cardiovascular Society--the first and the next 50 years

BACKGROUND: Although beta2-adrenoceptor agonists are widely used in the treatment of asthma, a number of studies have suggested that their long-term use may exacerbate the condition. One possible mechanism for this stems from the in vitro observation that beta2-agonists increase IgE synthesis by human blood mononuclear cells. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the effect of regular beta2-agonist therapy on IgE production in vivo in human volunteers. METHODS: Placebo or salbutamol (8 mg BD) tablets were given in a double-blind, randomized fashion to 25 volunteers allergic to grass pollen throughout a period encompassing the UK grass pollen season (April through September). Levels of serum IgE were measured monthly, and nasal IgE was measured at the height and end of the season. Efficacy was assessed through monthly recordings of symptoms of blocked nose (vascular) and other symptoms of rhinitis (nonvascular). RESULTS: For the whole group the geometric mean of serum IgE levels rose from a baseline of 58.7 IU/mL (range, 0 to 1027 IU/mL) to 140 IU/mL (range, 12 to 878 IU/mL) at the height of the pollen season (P =.0001). There was no significant difference between the magnitude of the rise in IgE between the groups with a ratio of increase for salbutamol/placebo of 1.17 (confidence interval = 0.78 to 1.75). There was no change in nasal IgE levels. Total and nonvascular symptom scores were reduced by salbutamol, reaching statistical significance at the height of the pollen season (P <.05). CONCLUSION: An oral dose of the beta2-agonist salbutamol, sufficient to maintain therapeutic levels and provide clinical benefit, does not accentuate the seasonal increase of IgE in human atopic volunteers.     

ABPP: The first twenty-five years.

Proposes an alternative medical model to what the American Board of Examiners in Professional Psychology (ABPP) has been offering within its 1st 25 yrs. The alternative model includes no grandfather clause and requires continuing medical education for continuing certification as a specialist. Also, a reexamination would be required every 6 yrs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology and Aging: The first 20 years.

This article provides a review of the first 20 years of Psychology and Aging, the American Psychological Association's first and only scholarly journal devoted to the topic of aging. The authors briefly summarize its history, its contributions to the study of aging, and its broader status as a scholarly publication. One theme highlighted in our review is the diversity of content in the journal throughout its history. Another is the strong impact that articles published in the journal have had on both basic and applied topics in aging. Efforts to encompass the breadth of topics and methodologies in aging research while retaining excellent quality remain the exciting but essential challenge for Psychology and Aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Family satisfaction predicts life satisfaction trajectories over the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: Examined the influence of functional impairment, stable marital status, and family satisfaction on life satisfaction trajectories for 609 individuals (435 men, 174 women) over the first 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Measures: Participants completed the Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI) at years 1, 2, 4, and 5 after sustaining a TBI. Results: Trajectory modeling revealed that higher family satisfaction was associated with increases in life satisfaction for individuals with less functional impairment. Stable marital status was not significantly associated with life satisfaction trajectories. Implications: Family satisfaction appears to have pronounced beneficial effects on life satisfaction for persons with less functional impairment after TBI regardless of marital status. In contrast, a stable marriage appears to have no apparent benefits to self-reported life satisfaction over the first 5 years post-TBI. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Minorities in medical school and National Medical Fellowships, Inc.: 50 years and counting

For more than 50 years, National Medical Fellowships, Inc. (NMF) has been the only private national organization dedicated exclusively to increasing the numbers of minorities in medicine. In the 1920s, Franklin C. McLean, an eminent physician in Chicago, began working to include Negro physicians in high-ranked hospital residencies. In 1946 he and his colleagues founded Provident Medical Associates (PMA), which would later become National Medical Fellowships, Inc. During the late 1940s and 1950s, the challenge was to break down the barriers that prevented Negro physicians from training. In the 1950s, the NMF made steady progress in increasing the number of black physicians, but it was in the 1960s that the barriers to blacks in medical training began to fall and their numbers increased dramatically. In the 1970s the NMF expanded its focus to include all minorities underrepresented in medicine, and through its programs and the broad social changes in U.S. society, unprecedented proportions of blacks, Hispanics, and Native Americans entered medical training. In the 1980s the commitment to bring minority physicians into medicine deepened and broadened, yet in the late 1990s the progress of past decades is jeopardized by legal and administrative restrictions. Now, when the numbers of underrepresented minorities are declining, the need to maintain and expand programs such as those of the NMF is more urgent than ever.     

Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen. The first 30 years

Ibuprofen is a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the 2 arylpropionic acid (2-APA) class. A common structural feature of 2-APANSAIDs is a sp3-hybridised tetrahedral chiral carbon atom within the propionic acid side chain moiety with the S-(+)-enantiomer possessing most of the beneficial anti-inflammatory activity. Ibuprofen demonstrates marked stereoselectivity in its pharmacokinetics. Substantial unidirectional inversion of the R-(-) to the S-(+) enantiomer occurs and thus, data generated using nonstereospecific assays may not be extrapolated to explain the disposition of the individual enantiomers. The absorption of ibuprofen is rapid and complete when given orally. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of ibuprofen is dose-dependent. Ibuprofen binds extensively, in a concentration-dependent manner, to plasma albumin. At doses greater than 600mg there is an increase in the unbound fraction of the drug, leading to an increased clearance of ibuprofen and a reduced AUC of the total drug. Substantial concentrations of ibuprofen are attained in synovial fluid, which is a proposed site of action for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ibuprofen is eliminated following biotransformation to glucuronide conjugate metabolites that are excreted in urine, with little of the drug being eliminated unchanged. The excretion of conjugates may be tied to renal function and the accumulation of conjugates occurs in end-stage renal disease. Hepatic disease and cystic fibrosis can alter the disposition kinetics of ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is not excreted in substantial concentrations into breast milk. Significant drug interactions have been demonstrated for aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), cholestyramine and methotrexate. A relationship between ibuprofen plasma concentrations and analgesic and antipyretic effects has been elucidated.     

Family psychology specialty practice.

The specialty of family psychology prepares practitioners to work systemically with individuals, couples, families, and larger social organizations. The specialty is defined, and a rationale is provided for its relevance to professional practice. Key concepts, competencies, and practice dimensions (e.g., assessment, case conceptualization, and intervention) are detailed, as are training and board certification in the specialty. Applications to specific problems and specialty niches are described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

八钢科技进步50年--庆祝八钢建厂50周年

50年来,八钢从无到有,从小到大,艰苦创业,科技进步,改革开改,在新疆茫茫戈壁滩上创建一座现代化大型钢铁联合企业,为国家和新疆经济建设,民族团结,巩固国防,作出重大贡献.     

On SPSSI's first twenty years.

After its twentieth annual membership meeting (San Francisco APA meeting in 1955) it seemed appropriate to reminisce and discuss the future of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues (SPSSI). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Books in school psychology: The first forty years.

Reviews books about school psychology published from 1930 to 1970 and describes trends in emphases over that time period. Common themes include the importance of assessment, the role of consultation, individual study of Ss, and the need for expanding the role of the school psychologist. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Lightner Witmer and the first 100 years of clinical psychology.

linical psychology has developed over its first century in certain ways that Lightner Witmer's work anticipated. These include clinicians' emphases on trying to help individuals and on collaboration with physicians and other professionals and at least some continued emphasis on children 's academic problems. In other respects, the field developed along lines Witmer did not anticipate: Clinical psychology as it developed emphasized first the IQ, then other kinds of testing, including projective and neuropsychological assessment, and most recently clinical psychology has emphasized psychotherapy with adults more than children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The need for basic sciences in the understanding and practice of anaesthesia

We conducted a survey using an unstructured, then a structured, questionnaire to determine the attitudes of 78 postfellowship anaesthetists to the Basic Sciences component of the part I examination for the FRCA. Seventy-two per cent replied. These anaesthetists felt that about 65% of the basic science syllabus was essential to the understanding and practice of everyday anaesthesia, but there was varying opinion as to the importance of specific topics. Cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous system and renal physiology were all regarded as essential, as was the pharmacology of anaesthetic drugs. Topics regarded as irrelevant included biochemistry, endocrinology, membrane theory and immunology. Paradoxically, there were many topics which anaesthetists regarded as essential but on which they were unable to give a tutorial. There was little difference between the responses of consultants and trainees. This survey may help to identify a core syllabus on which the majority of anaesthetists agree but also suggests that the current syllabus is overloaded with detail that has no place in clinical practice.     

Family practice residents and future obstetrics practice

Retinoids and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) have been shown to have a synergetic antiproliferative and differentiative effect on many cell lines, and in combination they have already been tested with some success in the treatment of some tumors. We investigated the tolerance and efficacy of high dose 13-cis-retinoic acid (2 mg/kg/day) and IFN-alpha in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and of the head and neck. No partial or complete response was observed in the 10 patients treated. The toxicity was unusual and mild to moderate considering the dose of retinoid given. This observation leads us to suspect that IFN-alpha may alleviate some of the side effects of the retinoid, and is of interest in the design of future clinical trials.