甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢Au/TiO2催化剂

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了一系列Au/TiO2催化剂,考察了Au负载量、焙烧温度以及助剂等因素对甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应催化性能的影响;并利用XRD, TEM对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,制备条件对催化性能有明显影响;Au负载量为5%(w)时所得催化剂活性较好;助剂NiO可使催化剂催化甲醇水重整的催化活性明显提高;100℃烘干未焙烧制得的催化剂活性最好;TEM结果显示,NiO的加入使载体TiO2颗粒分散度提高,Au粒粒度变小.     

Au/La2O3/TiO2催化甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢

用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/La2O3/TiO2催化剂,考察了制备条件和反应条件对催化剂活性的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明La2O3的加入可使催化剂催化甲醇水重整的催化活性明显提高,且明显降低产物气体中CO和CH4的含量,使氢气选择性明显增加. 当nH2O/nCH3OH=1.0、液体进料空速WHSV=3.42 h-1、反应温度为275℃时,Au/La2O3/TiO2催化剂催化甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应的效果最佳.     

介孔CuO-ZnO/SiO_2催化剂用于二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇的研究

采用原位溶胶-凝胶法制备了介孔CuO-ZnO/SiO_2催化剂,考察了表面活性剂类型和焙烧温度对催化剂结构和催化性能的影响。以二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇为探针反应,并结合TG-DTG、BET表征手段对催化剂结构和性能进行了分析。结果表明,采用CTAB为表面活性剂并经450℃焙烧所得的介孔CuO-ZnO/SiO_2催化剂具有高的比表面积和最佳的催化性能;反应条件250℃、3.0 MPa时,该催化剂的CO_2转化率、甲醇选择性分别为21.6%和35.6%。     

Ni/ZnO-ZrO2催化低温乙醇水蒸气重整制氢

以草酸钠为共沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备了以ZnO-ZrO2为载体的镍基乙醇水蒸气重整制氢催化剂(Ni/ZnO-ZrO2)。考察了不同锌锆摩尔比的ZnO-ZrO2负载的镍基催化剂在300～450℃催化乙醇水蒸气重整制氢的反应性能。用TPR、TPO、XRD对催化剂试样进行了表征。结果表明,当n(Zn)∶n(Zr)=1∶1,Ni负载质量分数10%时,催化剂中有镍锌复合氧化物生成,350℃时乙醇转化率达100%,450℃氢气选择性接近90%;TPO结果表明,ZnO-ZrO2复合载体可以降低催化剂上的积炭量。     

Ni/Al2O3工业催化剂在CO2/CH4重整反应中的研究

通过浸渍法与溶胶一凝胶法制备了Ni/Al2O3催化剂,其中浸渍一定形状的载体解决了催化剂的成型难点.在微反和工业化示范装置中对其粉体和成型催化剂进行了分别评价,工业催化剂的活性高,稳定性较好.通过XRD、TC-DTA、BET、TEM等表征手段对催化剂进行了表征并对浸渍法工业催化剂反应前后的变化原因进行了分析.     

Hydrogen Spillover in Ga2O3–Pd/SiO2 Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis from CO2/H2

The hydrogenation of CO₂ was investigated on Ga₂O₃-promoted Pd/SiO₂ catalyts and mechanical mixtures of Ga₂O₃/SiO₂ and Pd/SiO₂ catalysts (H₂/CO₂ = 3; P = 3.0 MPa; T = 523 K). By means of the latter it was possible to demonstrate that atomic hydrogen, H_s, can be generated by Pd⁰ far from Ga₂O₃, and move (spill-over) there to reach the other reactive species (formates) and complete the reaction cycle. The reaction results indicate that (as also evidenced by in situ FTIR) the Ga₂O₃-Pd/SiO₂ catalyst works as a true bi-functional system. The metal-promoter intimacy is not decisive in terms of the catalytic chemistry of the system, but the closeness between the Pd crystallites and the Ga₂O₃ surface patches boost the activity, owing to a minimized effort in the H_s supply to the latter.     

CO Adsorbed Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst for CO2 Reforming of Methane

CO adsorbed infrared spectroscopy study was conducted in this work in order to better understand the significantly improved anti-coke performance of Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst obtained via argon glow discharge plasma treatment. The present study revealed a significant decrease of linear to bridge (L/B) adsorbed CO for glow discharge plasma treated Ni/Al₂O₃, compared to that for untreated Ni/Al₂O₃, indicating an enhancement of close packed plane concentration. This structure change leads to lower methane turnover frequency (TOF) and better balance of carbon formation-gasification, resulting in better anti-coke property of Ni/Al₂O₃ for CO₂ reforming of methane.     

Poisoning and Regeneration of an Ni/SiO2 Catalyst

The poisoning effect of thiophene during the hydrogenation of styrene on an Ni/SiO₂ catalyst, and the regenerating role of both pure hydrogen and 2-butyne in the presence of hydrogen on the poisoned catalyst, were studied. The treatments induced the elimination of sulfur and promoted an important recovery of the catalytic activity and selectivity. XPS analyses show that the sulfur species adsorbed during the catalyst poisoning is thiophene. Part of the sulfur remained irreversibly adsorbed after the regeneration treatments carried out at 473 K; a modification on the adsorbed sulfur electronic state was detected, which can be ascribed to thiophene hydrogenolysis induced by the regenerating temperature. © 1997 SCI.     

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming Over Ni/CeO2 Nanocomposite Catalysts

The organic polymer chitosan was used as the polymeric precursor for the synthesis of Ni/CeO₂ nanocomposite catalysts. The materials were characterized by N₂ physisorption, H₂ chemisorption, AA, XRD, TGA, TPR, SEM and TEM analyses. The catalysts provide very good reactivity in ethanol steam reforming compared to the conventional Ni/CeO₂ catalyst prepared by the impregnation method using a commercial support. High hydrogen selectivity (>75%) was obtained on Ni/CeO₂ catalysts by operating at a temperature range of 325–500 °C and a H₂O/C₂H₅OH molar ratio of 3. It was verified that the catalytic behavior could be influenced depending on the experimental conditions employed.     

CuO/ZnO/CeO_2-ZrO_2催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能

以液体燃料甲醇分布式现场重整制氢系统开发为研究目的,根据非对称耦合的思想,将Cu O/Zn O/Ce O2-Zr O2甲醇水蒸气重整催化剂和Pt/Al2O3催化燃烧催化剂应用于套筒式小型制氢反应器中,实现了甲醇水蒸气重整反应和燃烧反应的耦合。实验考察了Cu O/Zn O/Ce O2-Zr O2催化剂在套筒式小型制氢反应器中的性能。结果表明:在套筒式小型制氢反应器内,Cu O/Zn O/Ce O2-Zr O2催化剂的甲醇水蒸气重整活性比商业Cu O/Zn O/Al2O3催化剂高出30%左右;并且多次开停车和改变反应条件,均未对催化剂和反应器产生明显影响,150 h内催化剂和反应器稳定性良好。当反应温度为230~260℃,甲醇气体空速为300~1200 h-1,水醇物质的量比(S/M)为1.2时,最大氢产率达162.8 L/h,可为百瓦级质子交换膜燃料电池提供氢源。     

Investigation of CH4 Reforming with CO2 on Meso-Porous Al2O3-Supported Ni Catalyst

Meso-porous Al₂O₃-supported Ni catalysts exhibited the highest activity, stability and excellent coke-resistance ability for CH₄ reforming with CO₂ among several oxide-supported Ni catalysts (meso-porous Al₂O₃ (Yas1-2, Yas3-8), -Al₂O₃, -Al₂O₃, SiO₂, MgO, La₂O₃, CeO₂ and ZrO₂). The properties of deposited carbons depended on the properties of the supports, and on the meso-porous Al₂O₃-supported Ni catalyst, only the intermediate carbon of the reforming reaction formed. XRD and H₂-TPR analysis found that mainly spinel NiAl₂O₄ formed in meso-porous Al₂O₃ and -Al₂O₃-supported catalysts, while only NiO was detected in -Al₂O₃, SiO₂, CeO₂, La₂O₃ and ZrO₂ supports. The strong interaction between Ni and meso-porous Al₂O₃ improved the dispersion of Ni, retarded its sintering and improved the activated adsorption of CO₂. The coking reaction via CH₄ temperature-programed decomposition indicated that meso-porous Al₂O₃-supported Ni catalysts were less active for carbon formation by CH₄ decomposition than Ni/-Al₂O₃ and Ni/-Al₂O₃.     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢CuZnAl催化剂的制备和研究

采用机械化学法制备了用于SRM反应的CuZnAl催化剂,并通过N2吸-脱附、N2O滴定、SEM、XRD、H2-TPR及原位FT-IR等手段对催化剂进行表征,对不同方法所制备催化剂的结构和性能进行了研究.结果表明:球磨法制备的CuZnAl催化剂形成较为规整的表面介孔结构,与浸渍法相比,具有较高的Cu比表面积和分散度,在SRM反应中CuZnAl催化剂较浸渍法制备的JZ-CuZnAl催化剂展现出更为优异的催化性能,当空速为58464 mL·(g·h)-1、进料水醇摩尔比为3:2、反应温度为300℃条件下,甲醇转化率达到81.2％,重整气中CO的体积分数为1.2％.     

Cerium-promoted Ni/SiO2 catalyst for CO methanation

Ce-promoted Ni catalysts were developed and applied in a CO methanation reaction. The 10%Ni/SiO₂ catalyst exhibits poor initial CO conversion (32.8%) and rapid deactivation with the highest methane selectivity during CO the methanation reaction. In contrast, the 4%Ce–10%Ni/SiO₂ catalyst shows dramatically increased initial CO conversion, which is up to 90.7%. Additionally, the apparent activation energy, Ea value, of 4%Ce–10%Ni/SiO₂ was calculated to be 102.2 kJ/mol according to the Arrhenius equation, which is much lower than that of the 10%Ni/SiO₂ catalyst, which was 139.1 kJ/mol. Based on various characterization results, it is found that the added Ce significantly improves the dispersion of the supported nickel, suppresses the sintering of nickel particles, and forms more adsorbed CO species of three-fold carbonyl species, resulting in higher CO conversion and good stability during the CO methanation reaction.     

Catalyst Design of Pt-Modified Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst with Flat Temperature Profile in Methane Reforming with CO2 and O2

Pt(0.3)/Ni(10)/Al₂O₃, prepared by a sequential impregnation method, exhibited a more excellent performance in methane reforming with CO₂ and O₂ in terms of the catalytic activity and the temperature profile of the catalyst bed than Pt(0.3) + Ni(10)/Al₂O₃ prepared by a coimpregnation method, Ni(10)/Al₂O₃, Pt(0.3)/Al₂O₃, and Pt(10)/Al₂O₃. It is thought that this is because the surface Pt atoms on Ni catalyst can contribute to the enhancement of the catalyst reducibility.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂的研究

采用表面改性法制备了负载型Ni2(OCH3)2／SiO2双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂，利用IR、DSC、TPD和微反技术对催化剂的表面结构、化学吸附性质和催化活性进行了研究。结果表明，负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物Ni2(OCH3)2／SiO2中Ni^2 与载体SiO2表面O^2-以双齿配位形式键合；二氧化碳在催化剂表面存在桥式吸附态和甲氧碳酸酯基物种两种吸附态，丙烯则只有一种吸附态；在适宜反应条件下，CO2和丙烯在Ni2(OCH3)2／SiO2催化剂上可以高选择性地合成甲基丙烯酸，反应物分子共吸附于催化剂表面同一活性单元以及羧酸根与丙烯解离吸附态的形成是反应顺利进行关键因素．     

甲醇水裂解制氢装置的甲醇单耗分析

详细分析了亚联高科设计的1000Nm3／h甲醇水裂解制氢装置影响甲醇单耗的因素,并提出实际生产中这些因素具体的控制指标。结果表明：水醇比为1．5—2．0,反应温度为Cu系催化1剂最低活性温度,吸附压力达到设计允许最高值,吸附时间按试验数据模拟得出的值来设定,将会明显降低甲醇单耗。     

在助剂改性的Mo/SiO2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化合成甲醇

用L ₉(3⁴) 正交配置实验对2%Mo/SiO₂ 催化剂进行了改性研究, 发现Cr、Cu、Sn 和P 可改变催化剂的活性和选择性, 在Cr 为0.5% 时有较高的甲醇收率, 在450℃、常压下反应可使甲醇收率为2176%。XPS、FT -IR、TPR 和TPD 研究表明催化剂表面上的Mo 为+ 6 价, 且存在Mo-Si 作用键, 催化剂表面有大量的酸性中心和多种相互作用相。     

甲醇水蒸气重整制氢研究进展

介绍了国内外甲醇-水蒸气重整制氧的研究进展,包括反应机理,热力学、动力学模型,以及催化剂的制备情况,并对其未来发展作了展望.     

用于甲烷干法重整的Ni/SiO_2纳米复合空心结构催化剂

采用水热法制备了具有片层结构的Ni/SiO2纳米复合空心结构催化剂,研究了其对甲烷干法重整(DRM)反应的催化活性和稳定性,并以传统浸渍法制备的Ni/SiO2催化剂作为参照样。结果表明,Ni/SiO2纳米复合空心结构催化剂有很高的比表面积(405.6 m2/g)和显著提高的高温抗烧结与抗积碳能力。这归因于该复合空心结构以片层状镍硅酸盐为前驱体,金属镍纳米颗粒由前驱体在氢气气氛中高温还原分解得到,使得该结构具有很强的金属纳米颗粒与载体之间的相互作用,因而具有优异的催化性能。