一种新的鲁棒基音周期估计算法

为了实现甚低码率下的透明语音质量参数语音编码,该文提出了一种新的鲁棒的基音周期估计算法。这种算法采用了改进的自相关函数计算方法,实现了鲁棒的基音周期轨迹跟踪。这种算法不仅能够跟踪快变的基音周期,增强不规则脉冲时基音周期的估计;还能够鲁棒地估计陡变的基音周期。非正式的测试表明这种算法改进了基音周期的估计值,能够极大地降低由于不准确的基音周期估计而引入的听觉失真。     

语音基音周期检测方法

针对现有语音基音检测算法抗噪能力低的问题,利用多尺度连续小波对语音信号进行预处理。基于短时平均幅度差函数和短时自相关函数,提出一种语音基音周期检测方法,在确保运算量较低的前提下,获得准确结果。使用平滑算法消除倍频点、半频点和随机点产生的误差,实现基音曲线平滑。     

基于语音波形外观的基音提取算法

在对人用视觉提取基音周期过程模拟的基础上，提出一种基于语音波形外观形状的时域基音周期提取算法，该算法利用语音波形的一次峰值点和二次峰值点的幅度和位置以及峰到前峰的距离等几种属性，来判断决定基音周期值，具有算法简单、运算量小、能准确定位各基音周期位置的特点。     

基于指数加权的基音平滑算法

提出了一种用于语音合成的语音片断基音平滑技术。在基于波形拼接的语音合成中,一般使用TD-PSOLA算法进行基频和时长的修改,但是用传统的TD-PSOLA算法进行的基频修改是针对片断整体而言,所以仍然不能很好的解决语音合成中的拼接单元之间的基频不连续问题,特别是在片断接合处。由于基元片断提取白不同语境的语料,合成语音听起来明显感觉到音高的不自然。对传统的TD-PSOLA算法进行了改进,以基音周期为间隔对语音片断信号进行分帧,通过指数加权相应帧的方法来进行平滑处理,经听音测试,较好的解决了拼接片断间的不连续现象。     

汉语语音的时域声调转换方法

简要地介绍了用于语音分析合成的时城基音同步叠加算法，在此基础上提出一种汉语语音时域声调转换方法。利用这种方法可以将一种声调的语音转换为另一种声调的语音，除微小的音质降低外，仍可保持较好的语音质量。这种方法直接对语音波形进行处理，具有计算简单、能在一般微型计算机上进行实时的特点。将之用于语音合成系统，可以通过相同声韵母的音节只存储一种声调的语音数据而大大降低音库的容量；用这种方法按照汉语语句的语调变化规律来合成语句，还可以较好地改善汉语语句合成的自然度．     

G.723.1语音编码算法闭环基音搜索的低复杂度算法

由于ITU-TG.723.1语音编码算法具有较高的算法复杂度,故而在应用与实现时受到了很多的限制。该文提出一种低复杂度闭环基音搜索算法,该算法仍以5阶基音预测器为基础,但在求取5个基音预测增益时不是采用原算法中对20维矢量码本进行搜索的方法,而是利用这个20维矢量组成一个Wiener-Hopf方程,并利用语音的短时平稳特性将该方程简化为一个Toeplitz线性代数方程组,方程组的解就是所求的基音预测增益。对该增益进行5维码本矢量量化,从而用5维矢量码本搜索代替了原来的20维矢量码本搜索。这样使闭环基音搜索部分的运算量降低了一半,语音质量只有略微下降,同时与G.723.1算法码流兼容。     

基于LPC残差与SCMDSF相结合的基音周期检测

基音周期检测一直是音频处理领域的研究热点,基音周期的精确检测实际上是一件比较困难的事情。提出了一种LPC残差与SCMDSF相结合的基音周期检测,该算法的特点在于着重对被处理的语音进行滤波预处理,提取语音信号的LPC残差,消除了声道响应信息,对求出的语音残差信号做SCMDSF计算,并求出语音的基音周期。实验表明,在噪声环境下这种处理方法能够比较准确的提取基音周期。     

正弦变换编码的改进算法

提出了低码率正弦变换编码算法（STC）的改进算法。为了准确地提取基音频率并尽量减少算法复杂度,改进算法采用了快速有效的混合基音提取方法以结合时、频域基音提取算法的优点。为保持谐波之间的相位信息,改进算法在解码端利用相邻帧的基音频率对谐波相位进行匹配跟踪,使重建语音保持了原始语音的特点。另外,改进算法在对幅度谱包络进行量化之前用双线性变换做了适合人耳听觉特性的预处理,降低了LPC分析的阶数,从而达到进一步降低码率的目的。     

基于谱减法的基音检测算法

基音周期是语音信号的一个重要参数,它在多个领域有着广泛的应用。提出了一种基于谱减法的基音检测算法：先用谱减法对带噪语音去噪,然后再求语音LPC预测残差的自相关函数及自相关函数的倒谱。仿真结果表明,利用这种改进算法做基音周期检测,检测效果会比传统倒谱检测方法有明显改善。     

改进的基音检测算法

提出了一种改进的基音检测算法。利用LMS自适应滤波器对带噪语音信号进行语音增强,再求语音信号的自相关函数（ACF）和平均幅度差函数（AMDF）,对ACF峰值和AMDF谷值进行分析,提取改进的ACF/AMDF加权平方特征进行基音检测。实验结果表明,改进算法的检测效果明显优于传统方法,在低信噪比环境下,鲁棒性较好,提高了检测精度。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。