一种基于共形阵的自适应单脉冲测角方法

针对主瓣干扰背景下,当共形阵采用常规自适应单脉冲方法测角时,其单脉冲比曲线严重失真,导致测角精度严重下降的问题,提出了一种基于共形阵的自适应单脉冲测角方法。该方法首先对阵列进行常规自适应和波束形成,得到阵列和波束输出;然后通过施加单脉冲比约束求取自适应差波束权矢量,从而形成阵列差波束输出;最后利用输出的和、差波束实现测角。仿真结果表明,和常规方法相比,该方法能在抑制主瓣干扰的同时,较好地保证共形阵对目标方位角、俯仰角的测角精度。     

子阵级数字波束形成抗多主副瓣干扰及测角技术

对于大型的二维相扫雷达天线阵列,数字波束形成通常在子阵上完成,以减少数字接收机的数量并降低成本。基于子阵级数字波束形成,文中提出了一种改进的自适应信号处理架构,在低成本的情况下,同时抑制多个主副瓣干扰,并保持对目标的单脉冲测角精度。首先,每个子阵内部形成非自适应的波束并转化为数字输出;再利用行和列波束的分维特性,在子阵级形成自适应波束,进行干扰抑制处理;最后,分别将各个行或列波束合成为全阵列的俯仰或方位和差波束,用于目标的单脉冲测角。与传统的四通道抗主瓣干扰相比,该方法在合成和差波束前,基于子阵级数字波束完成自适应干扰的抑制。因此,充分利用了有限的自由度,挖掘了子阵级数字阵列抗同时多个主副瓣干扰的能力。还结合相控阵雷达实例,给出了仿真结果,验证了该方法的有效性。总的来说,所提出的阵列信号处理架构,在降低系统复杂度和成本的同时,大大提高了雷达系统的抗干扰能力。     

非矩形相控阵的抗主瓣干扰与单脉冲测角技术北大核心CSCD

在传统的数字波束形成雷达系统中,为了抑制主瓣干扰,并保持对目标单脉冲角度估计的精度,需要同时形成四个波束。对于大型的雷达天线阵列,数字波束形成通常在子阵上完成。但是对于非矩形天线阵结构,传统的自适应波束形成架构不再适用,单脉冲角度估计的精度会大幅降低。文中针对非矩形平面阵列,提出一种新的自适应波束形成方法。首先,需要对四个接收波束的输出做线性补偿,该补偿因子可通过阵列流形精确计算获得;其次,进行自适应主瓣干扰对消处理;再进行二维数字单脉冲测角。文中在理论推导的基础上,结合相控阵雷达阵列实例给出仿真结果,验证了该方法的有效性。     

主瓣干扰下多点约束自适应单脉冲测角方法

当存在主瓣干扰的情况下,采用常规的自适应波束形成技术会使单脉冲曲线严重失真,从而导致无法对感兴趣的目标正常测角及跟踪。为了在抑制主瓣干扰的同时能基本保持自适应单脉冲比曲线不失真,提出了一种基于多点约束的自适应单脉冲测角方法,该方法采用约束自适应波束形成技术,即在自适应抑制干扰的同时选取多个约束点对用于测角的单脉冲比进行约束,从而大大提高了存在主瓣干扰下单脉冲测角的性能。计算机仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

主瓣干扰下单脉冲测角技术研究

针对二维数字阵列雷达在主瓣干扰下的测角问题,给出了四通道单脉冲测角方法。相对传统数字阵列雷达的三通道测角方法,增加一个双差通道,应用主瓣干扰对消技术,在方位和俯仰方向上分别形成和差波束,然后利用单脉冲技术测角。形成的和差波束在干扰方向形成零陷,同时保持原来的单脉冲比。仿真结果显示,该技术可以在抑制主瓣干扰的同时保持较高的测角精度,且测角精度与信噪比、目标和干扰方向有关。     

调零线性约束下的稳健自适应单脉冲合成

单脉冲测角是一种计算简单、稳健性好的高精度测角方法。当存在旁瓣干扰时,结合自适应波束合成的自适应单脉冲算法能很好地抑制干扰同时保持测角精度,但当干扰进入主瓣时,传统的单脉冲测角会出现单脉冲比失真的问题,从而导致测角误差较大。为了克服主瓣干扰条件下的单脉冲比失真问题,提出一种调零线性约束的差波束自适应合成方法,抑制主、旁瓣干扰同时保持单脉冲比曲线。仿真验证了算法的有效性,并与三点线性约束算法的性能进行比较。     

基于幅相线性约束的自适应和差波束形成方法研究

阵列雷达自适应和差波束单脉冲测角面临信号对消、训练样本有限、波束保形及零点约束困难等问题.针对上述问题,本文提出基于幅相线性约束的自适应和差波束形成方法.该方法通过增加对主瓣临近角度的幅相线性约束条件,有效的克服和波束信号对消的现象;通过引入相位约束条件,使得差波束的在主瓣方向逼近静态差波束,具有良好的稳健性.同时通过合理的设计幅相约束条件实现了单脉冲和差波束测角二维解耦合.仿真实验验证了本文方法的有效性.     

一种基于GSC的自适应和差测角方法

在阵列信号处理中,通常利用和差波束估计目标角度,存在干扰时自适应波束形成在干扰方向形成零陷、和差波束的主瓣方向图产生畸变、和差波束比与普通波束形成存在偏差、角度估计结果误差较大等问题。为解决上述问题,开展了无需校正的自适应和差波束测角研究,提出一种基于广义旁瓣相消器的和差波束双通道结构,该结构可以在抑制干扰的同时保持主瓣波束方向图,角度估计结果精度高。仿真结果表明,提出的方法在有效抑制干扰的同时,保持了良好的单脉冲特性。     

数字阵列雷达抗多个主副瓣干扰方法的性能比较

当今电子战中,常使用组合干扰战术,同时抗多个主副瓣干扰成为雷达系统面临的巨大挑战。矩形相控阵可以合成四个通道波束,并利用差波束对消和波束内的一个主瓣干扰,保持对目标的探测性能和测角精度。全数字化的相控阵可采用行列自适应波束合成,充分利用数字阵的自由度,同时抑制多个主副瓣干扰,提升了雷达同时抗干扰的能力。为进一步提高雷达的抗干扰和目标探测性能,文中提出一种新的两级架构,首先采用高增益的辅助窄波束消除主瓣干扰;然后,自适应合成和差波束并做单脉冲测角。该方法将干扰对目标探测性能的影响降到了最小。     

基于协方差矩阵双层重构的稳健自适应单脉冲测角

常规自适应单脉冲方法在主瓣干扰下会引起自适应波束形成性能恶化并导致其单脉冲比曲线严重失真,影响被动雷达的测角精度与跟踪性能。针对此问题,提出了一种适用于平面阵的基于协方差矩阵双层重构的稳健自适应单脉冲测角方法。首先,利用Capon功率谱通过稀疏重构法初步估计出干扰加噪声协方差矩阵,通过干扰导向矢量估计完成对协方差矩阵的优化校正以提高自适应波束形成性能;然后,基于线性约束最小方差(Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance, LCMV)准则对方位角和俯仰角进行联合线性约束以避免单脉冲比曲线在主瓣干扰下严重失真;最后,根据自适应单脉冲比值求出目标与波束指向之间的偏转角以实现目标测角。与常规方法相比,所提方法在干扰抑制能力与测角精度上都有显著提升。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks