基于角点检测的双目视觉测距新方法

为解决双目视觉中立体匹配困难、效率低的问题,提出了一种基于角点检测的人工匹配方法实现双目视觉测距。首先介绍了双目测距基本原理,对摄像机进行了标定,并采用Bouguet立体校正算法对双目视觉系统进行立体校正;然后采用J.Shi和C.Tomasi提出的角点方法对立体校正后的左右摄像机图像中被测目标上的同一特征点进行了亚像素级角点提取,并利用提取的匹配角点坐标结合双目视觉测距公式实现距离测量。     

双目立体视觉被动测距

视觉是人类获取周围环境信息的重要手段,当用双眼去观察不同物体的时候,会有远近之分。双目立体视觉系统就是仿照人的双眼去感知距离,具体实现过程如下:双目视觉系统的摄像机标定、双目摄像机同时获取图像、图像预处理、特征点提取、特征点匹配和空间坐标计算。本文从双目视觉系统的原理出发,推导了双目视觉系统的数学表达式,分析了几种不同的特征点提取方法,提出了F-HARRIS方法,提高了计算效率,利用双向交叉匹配办法匹配特征点,在利用几何约束,剔除误匹配点,原理简单易懂,效果比较理想。试验中采用畸变效应小的摄像机(即不考虑畸变),且摄像机已做过标定;图像预处理就是一些简单的平滑滤波;图像分辨率为2048*1536。     

基于双目视觉的直升机旋翼桨叶共锥度检测法

提出了一种基于双目视觉的直升机旋翼桨叶共锥度检测方法。首先,采用平面标定算法对双目视觉系统进行标定,获取摄像机内外参数;其次,采集不同桨叶的立体图像对,并用Bouguet算法对其进行校正,获取重投影矩阵;然后,对立体图像对中的标记点进行检测与匹配,获取标记点的视差;最后,根据双目视觉测量原理计算出桨尖距地面的高度,实现桨叶共锥度检测。通过对旋翼塔进行多次测量实验,结果表明该方法具有动态测量、非接触式、操作简单、危险性小和精度高的优点。     

基于极线校正的亚像素相位立体匹配方法

针对双目结构投影光栅相位法三维测量系统中立体匹配的效率与精度问题,提出了基于极线校正的亚像素相位立体匹配方法。首先,通过外极线校正算法将双目立体视觉几何结构校正为平视双目标准几何结构,使匹配点对在左右相机上的成像点位于同一水平线上。然后,采用双线性内插法获取校正后新相位图像对,并提出一种基于相位区域匹配的立体匹配算法,获得初始匹配点。最后,提出采用最小二乘拟合将初始匹配点附近3×3邻域内的相似度量拟合为一个二次曲面,然后求解得到该曲面的局部最小值,得到与待匹配点相位相同的右摄像机匹配点坐标。通过对标准平板平面度进行测量与精度分析,表明该方法能够快速、准确的实现立体匹配。     

低照度双目立体显著目标距离测定方法与实现

针对位置已固定的双目立体装置,提出了一种基于非平行模式测距原理的双目系统光轴-光心参数标定方法,减小了光轴-光心位置误测量带来的测距误差;为解决低照度下双目立体视觉中存在的立体匹配误匹配点多、目标识别度低的问题,采取了最大熵法结合整体光强变化的阈值选取方法提取显著目标,提高了目标识别率,搭建了显著目标测距系统.结果表明:采用文中的系统标定与阈值选取方法的双目立体视觉装置在低照度下具有较高的测距精度及目标识别率.     

基于双目会聚型立体摄像机的目标深度测量

目标物体的三维测量是双目立体视觉的一项重要任务。基于视差的平行摄像机模型是最常见的用于三维重建的双目摄像机模型。一般双目立体摄像机不是严格平行的,所以采用上述方式进行三维重建时需要进行极线校正。提出了一种新的用于三维测量的双目摄像机模型,该模型针对一般常见的非平行的会聚立体摄像机模型。采用该模型进行目标物体的三维测距时,根据摄像机标定得到的相对外参,即可快速得到目标物体的深度信息。同时,本文从分辨率的角度对提出的深度测量方法进行了精度分析。实验结果验证了提出方法的有效性和可靠性。     

基于互信息的亚像素级立体视觉点匹配方法研究

在立体视觉测量中,为获得更高精度,往往需要将视差计算精确到亚像素级。将互信息理论引入双目图像配准并结合多分辨率技术实现亚像素级点匹配。采用Bouguet立体校正算法对左右图像进行极线校正,利用Harris角点探测器检测目标并将获取角点作为待匹配点,采用最大互相关法进行搜索确定像素级匹配点。然后对以左右匹配点为中心的20×20邻域图像进行插值并分别放大10倍和100倍,采用互信息方法先对低分辨率图像进行配准,再在高分辨率图像上进一步细化求精,结合像素级匹配的整数视差可得最终亚像素级视差。实验结果表明,该方法能将视差精度提高到0.01像素。     

一种基于双目视觉原理的距离测量系统的设计

主要研究一种基于双目立体视觉原理测量图像中物体距离的算法,要实现的目标是采用双摄像头从不同视点拍摄目标物体,投影得到两幅双目图像,用图像处理的方法先提取出需要的信息,进行特征识别,然后利用同一目标在不同投影图像上的成像差异进行立体匹配,并通过视觉算法计算被测物体的距离。由于测量的距离远大于摄像机之间的基线距离,所以传统意义上的双目测距系统近似认为两个摄像机的光轴是平行,但是实际上两光轴是必然相交的,所以文章结合实际,考虑两光轴相交,以达到提高距离测量精确度的目的,系统的主要流程包括图像获取、摄像机标定、角点检测、特征识别、立体匹配、距离计算等几个方面。     

双目视觉技术在区域目标检测中的应用研究

针对求取区域目标的世界坐标的需要。以Harris角点算法对摄像机图像进行分析,提取图像中目标区域的角点。通过使用VC++环境中的OpenCV进行编程运算,计算出摄像机标定参数并运用双目视觉法计算出目标位置的世界坐标。     

基于双目视觉的医疗机器人摆位系统测量方法

为了实现精确放疗过程中精确定位和肿瘤位置的精确测量,建立了基于双目视觉的医疗机器人摆位测量系统,并对系统所采用的摄像机标定方法、标记点识别及其三维坐标计算、摆位系统的位置验证等算法进行研究。建立基于双目视觉的医疗机器人摆位测量系统;提出了一种对摄像机采用基于平面棋盘格和立体标定模板相结合的摄像机标定新方法;采用Roberts梯度算子对图像分割的方法,识别标记点中心并计算其三维坐标;通过比较基于双目视觉计算和三维坐标测量仪器测量的各个标记点三维坐标的摆位误差,实现放疗过程中位置验证和精确摆位。实验结果表明:摄像机的标定精度为36.5×10-3 mm和各个标记点的三维坐标平均偏差为δX=0.573mm、δY=0.495mm、δZ=0.430mm,测量方法可获得较高的标定精度和摆位精度,能满足精确放疗对高精度摆位系统的临床需求。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks