部分单元失效存储组件的有效利用

半导体存储器的生产表明,大量功能失效的芯片仅仅由于个别单元、或一行、一列失效,只要将这极少数失效单元剔除,则芯片仍可正常工作。分区替换法采取在存储系统设计时增加冗余组件的办法对部分单元失效存储组件中的失效单元实行替换,从而可使年导体存储器件的可用率提高2～3倍。本文详细论述了分区替换原理及实施方案;立足于国产测试仪提出了部分单元失效存储组件的测试方法;运用成品率模型讨论了分区替换法对可用率的贡献。分区替换法方法简便,代价小,效果好,尤其适用于成品率不高的半导体存储器。     

多路PCM遥测实时数据缓冲接口设计

针对多弹头、多目标遥测实时数据处理的要求，设计了一块计算机接口卡。卡上带有４个数据缓冲块，每块设计为乒乓缓冲工作方式，独立地承担一路ＰＣＭ遥测实时数据的缓冲存储、处理。计算机存取采用存储器分页地址映射方式。各路实时数据接收码率可达１Ｍｂｉｔ／ｓ以上。     

对手机加密多一层了解

曾经高不可攀的手机如今已成为大众消费品,可是你对手机的了解又有多少？你能想象手机中也带一块CPU吗？你是否考虑过手机会被别人盗打？怎样才能更加安全地使用手机？　　首先我们得介绍一下SIM卡。SIM卡又叫用户识别卡。它是由一张内含大规模集成电路的智能卡片制成,用来登记用户的重要数据和信息。SIM卡内含CPU、程序存储器（ROM）、工作存储器(RAM)、数据存储器(EPROM)和串行通信单元五部分构成,这些模块都集成在一个程序存储器芯片上。　　SIM卡存储的数据可分为四类：第一类是固定存放的数据。这类数据在移动电话机被…     

嵌入式系统大容量NAND Flash存储器分区管理设计

针对嵌入式系统中对大容量Flash存储器数据存储管理的需求,对大容量NAND Flash存储器分区、数据写入机制进行研究,借鉴FAT文件管理系统的理念,通过定义和动态维护分区属性数据结构的方法,建立了一种简单易行的分区管理机制,控制数据存储管理,并给出了具体的数据结构和设计流程图。结合实际工程应用进行了实验验证和分析,应用结果表明,该方法软件设计简单,资源需求低,实现了对大容量NAND Flash存储器的分区化管理,方便了用户对目标数据的快速检索定位,提高了数据使用效率,同时保证了数据存储的完整性、实时性、正确性,并大大降低了对上位机数据处理的难度。该方法的提出,为嵌入式系统中大容量Flash存储器的使用管理提供了新的思路,具有较高的实用性和推广应用价值。     

一种具有断电续写功能的存储器系统设计

针对弹舰载存储器在复杂环境下可能出现偶然掉电的问题,提出了一种具有断电续写功能的存储器解决方案,避免存储器在弹箭上偶发性掉电恢复之后上次存储的数据被新的数据覆盖。在边擦边写基础上实现了断电续写技术,且为了满足数据写入速率使用交叉双平面编程。通过地面测试台模拟弹上系统发送数据,大量测试结果表明,该设计实现了断电续写的功能,可以实现对数据的稳定存储,且验证了系统的可靠性。     

一种基于Flash增量编程的信息存储设计

目前市场上通用的Flash存储器,每个扇区的循环擦除/编程寿命一般在10 000次左右,超过该寿命后Flash将工作在不稳定状态,甚至造成信息数据读写失效。笔者以设备运行过程中故障日志信息存储的数据结构设计和信息存储流程设计为实例,详细阐述了一种基于Flash增量编程的信息存储设计方案,可以有效缓和设备在工作过程中数据信息频繁存储与Flash循环擦除/编程次数受限之间的矛盾。     

分块内存的数据分布优化

为了提高访存效率,提供可以与计算流水线并行执行的多个独立的访存流水线,魂芯DSP片上存储器设计时采用分块内存结构,并在核内提供多个独立的地址生成单元用于访存操作.针对分块内存的结构特点,编译器对程序中的存储访问构建关于变量的冲突图,对分块内存进行存储块分配,优化数据在分块内存的分布.以数据在分块内存的优化分布为基础,指导程序中访存操作在地址生成单元的优化分配,使得编译器生成的代码可以最大程度地挖掘程序中数据访问的并行性.实验表明,基于分块内存的数据分配分布优化为其它优化如地址寄存器的分簇、访存向量化、软件流水等经典优化提供了良好基础,保证了编译器生成的代码可以充分发挥魂芯DSP提供的指令级并行能力.     

基于FPGA的高速数据存储系统优化设计

针对遥测系统数据记录装置中数据传输速率与存储速率不匹配的问题,提出Flash的并行存储方案,采用交替双平面的编程方式可以使得存储器的存储速率达到单片Flash最高存储速率的2倍,即60 MB/s;对控制单元FPGA内部双端口RAM的逻辑设计进行改进,解决了数据存储异常的现象。在数据回收方面,提出了多备份的设计思想和备用读数接口的设计方案,已在工程应用中得到成功实践,验证了该数据记录装置的可靠性。     

针对嵌入式系统的低功耗存储器管理单元设计

针对Linux操作系统，实现了面向32位RSIC嵌入式处理器的低功耗存储器管理单元。通过在指令快表中增加预比较电路，提高了处理器连续访问同一虚拟页面时的地址转换效率，降低指令快表命中时的功耗37.07%。两级比较结构的内容寻址存储器与传统结构相比，在失效和命中时分别可以取得44.98%和74.94%的功耗节省。该文设计的存储器管理单元能够很好地和Linux配合，完成地址映射及存储权限管理。     

基于USB移动存储的钢丝绳探伤报警系统设计

针对钢丝绳探伤检测中的数据存储,提出了一种用单片机实现USB移动存储控制的方案。设计了一个系统,它实现了把现场检测的模拟信号转换成可以被移动存储器识别的数字信号,自动在存储器中建立文件,存储检测数据,并在检测到断丝时作出报警。给出了关键电路的连线图,简要说明了软件设计。现场检测结果表明系统符合工况要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。