Damage prediction of concrete gravity dams subjected to underwater explosion shock loading

The damage prediction of concrete gravity dams under blast loads has gained importance in recent years due to the great number of accidental events and terrorist bombing attacks that affected engineering safety. It has long been known that an underwater explosion can cause significantly more damage to the targets in water than the same amount of explosive in air. While the physical processes during an underwater explosion and the subsequent response of structures are extremely complex, which involve lots of complex issues such as the explosion, shock wave propagation, shock wave-structure interaction and structural response. Hence a sophisticated numerical model for the loading and material responses would be required to enable more realistic reproduction of the underlying physical processes. In this paper, a fully coupled numerical approach with combined Lagrangian and Eulerian methods, incorporating the explosion processes, is performed. The RHT (Riedel–Hiermaier–Thoma) model including the strain rate effect is employed to model the concrete material behavior subjected to blast loading. Detailed numerical simulation and analysis of a typical concrete gravity dam subjected to underwater explosion are presented in this study. In terms of different TNT charge weights, the structural response and damage characteristics of the dam at different standoff distances are investigated. Based on the numerical results, critical curves related to different damage levels are derived.     

某炸药库内爆作用下坑道内隔爆防护墙厚度估算

文章以某炸药库安全评估工程的实际问题为背景,考虑到周围墙体的限制,坑道内的冲击波得以加强,以及附近坑道施工不受到影响为原则,通过数值模拟和简单公式,分析了10 t炸药库的爆炸破坏作用,提出了内爆作用下隔爆防护墙厚度的估算方法,并研究在一定的冲击波作用下隔爆防护墙的厚度,为安全评估提供参考。     

爆炸冲击波超压加载伪随机网壳的分布规律研究

采用缩比模型爆炸试验与数值仿真相结合的方法,开展了爆炸冲击波超压加载伪随机网壳的分布规律研究。首先,选取具有代表性的某伪随机140面体网壳结构,开展了缩比模型爆炸试验,获得了表面特征测点的冲击波超压数据;之后,对比分析了试验与仿真结果的误差及原因,以试验数据为基础,建立了爆炸冲击波与某伪随机140面体网壳结构相互作用的数值仿真模型,并对空中爆炸和地面爆炸的3种不同距离共6种工况下,网壳结构的特征表面超压作用过程进行了计算和分析,拓展了试验结果;最后,对伪随机网壳表面冲击波超压分布规律进行了研究,并提出了增强网壳结构安全性的防护措施,为伪随机网壳结构抗冲击安全设计提供了参考。结果表明:与传统对称网壳结构相比,伪随机网壳在超压峰值分布规律和作用机制等方面都更为复杂,受到结构伪随机特性的影响,在相似位置表面,超压峰值也有明显差异;网壳迎爆面底部和中部超压峰值与其他部位相比,一般较高;在网壳外一定距离构筑防爆墙和加固网壳中部及底部节点的方法,可提升伪随机网壳结构的抗冲击安全性。     

地应力对岩石爆破开裂及爆炸地震波的影响研究

深部岩体爆破开挖是高地应力和炸药爆炸产生的动应力共同作用的结果。采用SPH-FEM耦合数值模拟方法,研究了地应力场对岩石爆破开裂及开裂区外地震波能量的影响。结果表明:随着地应力水平的提高,岩石爆破破碎区的范围缩小、裂纹扩展速度降低,非静水地应力场中破碎区内裂纹主要沿最大主应力方向扩展,但地应力对爆破粉碎区的形成几乎没有影响;地应力作用下爆破开裂区形态改变影响了爆炸地震波的能量及传播特性,随着地应力的增大,更多的炸药爆炸能转化为地震波能量,产生的高频地震波随距离衰减更快,且小主应力方向上的爆炸地震波能量更大。研究成果可为深部岩体爆破优化设计提供理论参考。     

Simulation of iron fracture caused by a blast wave

A numerical simulation is made of the fracture of iron caused by a blast wave. The numerical method is described and results of calculations using a one-dimensional formulation of three qualitatively different explosion regimes are presented. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 33–39 (May 12, 1997)     

瓦斯爆炸在封闭管道内冲击振荡特征的数值模拟

摘要：为了研究爆炸波在封闭型系统的冲击和振荡特征及其特征参数变化规律,采用数值模拟的方法研究了封闭型管道内瓦斯爆炸的传播特征。研究结果表明：闭口型系统内的瓦斯爆炸呈明显的振荡特征,对于爆燃波,反射波有2道,即前驱冲击波的振荡和压缩波的振荡。由于冲击波的振荡叠加,使其最大爆炸超压和瞬态流速峰值与开口型系统相比较高,而且在反射波及稀疏波的影响下,爆炸波超压分为三个区。爆炸温度和动压同样呈明显的振荡特征,使得爆炸高温环境维持较长时间,爆炸动压在爆炸传播方向的动压与其他方向相比明显较大。研究结果解释了受限空间内爆炸破坏比开放型系统强烈的原因,为今后受限空间内爆炸的预防与控制提供了基础理论参考。     

A numerical study on the generation of impulsive noise by complex flows discharging from a muzzle

A numerical study on impulsive noise generation produced by complex flows discharging from a muzzle is achieved and the basic structures generating impulsive noise are analyzed. Complex flow features by a muzzle flow and noise generation mechanisms by several sources of noise are discussed from numerical simulations. Two‐dimensional axisymmetric Euler equations are used for governing equations. High‐order dispersion relation preserving finite difference method and an optimized four‐level marching method are used for spatial discretization and time integration, respectively. In order to show the capability of this method to capture blast waves and to examine the basic generation mechanism of acoustic waves from a muzzle, the interaction between a shock/blast wave and a vortex ring is implemented. From the numerical simulation of the 7.62‐mm NATO rifle G3 with a DM‐41 round in the near field, complex blast waves, jet flow, various vortices and their interaction phenomena are described and noise generation mechanism due to the interaction of complex flow structures is observed. The present results demonstrate that numerical simulation using computational aeroacoustic methods provides not only a reliable way to determine the blast wave dynamics of the muzzle flow but also allows an opportunity to study the physics and detailed mechanisms of the noise generation and propagation due to the interaction of complex flow structures generated from a muzzle system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of airblast loads on structures behind a protective barrier

Experimental results and numerical simulations have demonstrated that a protective barrier can effectively reduce blast load and, therefore, protect structures from an external explosion. However, there are no formulae in the open literature that can be used to estimate the blast loads on a structure behind a barrier. In this paper, pseudo-analytical formulae based on numerical results are derived to estimate the reflected pressure-time history on a rigid wall behind a protective barrier. Numerical simulations of blast wave propagation are carried out to estimate the peak reflected pressure and the impulse on a rigid wall behind a blast barrier. The shock wave front arrival time and positive phase duration are extracted from the numerical results. Pseudo-analytical formulae, which are derived from the best-fitted curves of the numerical results, are suggested. These formulae can be used with those given in TM5-1300 or other methods for blast pressure estimation in the no-barrier case, to estimate pressure-time histories at various building locations behind a protective barrier.     

潜艇艇体结构在水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下损伤研究

采用数值计算和试验手段相结合的方法,对潜艇艇体结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的损伤进行了研究。利用试验手段确定了潜艇艇体用钢的材料动态性能参数和潜艇典型单元结构在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的开裂判据。采用双层壳体建模方案对潜艇结构进行整艇有限元建模,运用MSC.DYTRAN程序对整艇结构进行水下抗爆仿真。分析了三种不同工况下潜艇艇体结构的损伤形式。本文计算方法和仿真结果可供潜艇水下抗爆设计和潜艇结构生命力评估参考。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of carbon fiber sandwich panels subjected to blast loading

The objective of this paper is to investigate the structural response of carbon fiber sandwich panels subjected to blast loading through an integrated experimental and numerical approach. A total of nine experiments, corresponding to three different blast intensity levels were conducted in the 28-inch square shock tube apparatus. Computational models were developed to capture the experimental details and further study the mechanism of blast wave-sandwich panel interactions. The peak reflected overpressure was monitored, which amplified to approximately 2.5 times of the incident overpressure due to fluid-structure interactions. The measured strain histories demonstrated opposite phases at the center of the front and back facesheets. Both strains showed damped oscillation with a reduced oscillation frequency as well as amplified facesheet deformations at the higher blast intensity. As the blast wave traversed across the panel, the observed flow separation and reattachment led to pressure increase at the back side of the panel. Further parametric studies suggested that the maximum deflection of the back facesheet increased dramatically with higher blast intensity and decreased with larger facesheet and core thickness. Our computational models, calibrated by experimental measurements, could be used as a virtual tool for assessing the mechanism of blast-panel interactions, and predicting the structural response of composite panels subjected to blast loading.