复合纺丝法制备瓣状光纤中纺丝组件设计及工艺路线改进

提出了采用复合纺丝法制备瓣状光纤的方法。在纺丝组件设计中,将纤芯和高折射率瓣作为整体来控制光纤截面;根据大尺寸光纤冷却要求对现有熔融复合纺丝冷却系统进行改进;由于光纤比较脆,采用了大尺寸的导丝盘和卷绕筒。采用聚碳酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯成功地制备了截面符合设计要求的聚合物瓣状光纤。     

静电纺丝法制备PVDF纳米纤维

静电纺丝法是聚合物溶液或熔体在静电作用下进行喷射拉伸而获得纳米级纤维的纺丝方法.聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)具有优异的压电性能,而通过静电纺丝技术制得的聚偏氟乙烯静电纺丝膜具有高孔隙率、轻薄柔韧、透气性好等优点从而广泛应用在传感材料、电池隔膜和生物材料等领域.为了研究最适纺丝工艺,本文通过调节不同的纺丝电压、聚合物溶液浓度以...     

碳纳米管/聚合物纳米复合纤维静电纺丝研究进展

简述了静电纺丝装置的发展及其基本原理;介绍了静电纺丝制备碳纳米管/聚合物纳米复合纤维的技术进展,主要技术是碳纳米管在聚合基体中的分散性以及二者之间的界面结合力;详述了碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈纳米复合纤维和碳纳米管/聚氧乙烯(PEO)纳米复合纤维的制备及技术进展。指出今后应进一步发挥碳纳米管的性能,改进静电纺丝装置。     

熔融聚合物纺丝和纺丝条件数学模型

利用解析数值方法解在稳定的非等温状态下熔融聚合的纺丝方程式,得到沿纺丝轴Z的温度T(z)和丝条截面A(z)的关系式。 T(z)和A(z)与熔融聚合物的分子参数有关:粘度、密度和恒压比热,亦与纺丝条件有关:挤出速度、卷绕速度、空气温度,挤出温度和聚合物熔体流动速度。 而且,还得到了纤维质量与稳恒的熔体之间的关系。 从这些关系式中推导出了纺丝时的临界卷绕速度和临界挤出量。超过这些临界值时,熔融聚合物的断裂现象就会发生。     

芳砜纶纺丝溶液的流变性能研究

研究了自制的芳砜纶(聚砜酰胺)纺丝溶液的浓度、温度及聚合物的相对分子质量对纺丝溶液的流动曲线、粘流活化能、非牛顿指数和结构黏度指数的影响。结果表明:DMAc溶剂体系低温缩聚的芳砜纶纺丝溶液为切力变稀的非牛顿流体,芳砜纶聚合物相对分子质量增大、溶液浓度升高使纺丝溶液的非牛顿性增加,温度升高使其减小,其中浓度的影响最大。     

高相对分子质量PAN纺丝溶液的流变性质

研究了聚丙烯腈 (PAN )纺丝溶液的浓度、温度及聚合物相对分子质量对纺丝溶液的 lgηa ～lgγ流动曲线、粘流活化能、非牛顿指数和结构粘度指数的影响。结果表明 :高相对分子质量聚丙烯腈纺丝溶液具有明显的非牛顿性 ,结构粘度指数随纺丝溶液浓度的升高 ,PAN相对分子质量的增大而增大 ,随纺丝溶液温度的升高、聚合物相对分子质量和浓度的降低而减小。纺制高性能的高相对分子质量PA N纤维宜采用较低的溶液浓度和较高的纺丝温度。     

电纺丝技术制备无机/有机复合纳米纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝法是一种利用聚合物溶液或熔体在强电场中进行喷射纺丝的加工技术,是获得纳米尺寸长纤维的有效方法之一。目前电纺丝技术逐渐转移到无机/有机纳米复合纤维的制备方面。回顾了近年来电纺丝技术制备无机/有机复合纳米纤维的研究进展,包括:半导体纳米粒子/聚合物复合纳米纤维的制备,无机氧化物纳米粒子/聚合物复合纳米纤维的制备以及贵金属纳米粒子/聚合物复合纳米纤维的制备。     

静电纺丝法制备聚酰亚胺/碳化硅复合纳米纤维

利用聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液和纳米碳化硅(SiC)混合物作为纺丝液,通过静电纺丝法制备聚酰胺酸/碳化硅(PAA/SiC)复合纳米纤维,PAA/SiC复合纳米纤维亚胺化后得到聚酰亚胺/碳化硅(PI/SiC)复合纳米纤维。研究了PAA溶液中PAA含量、纺丝电压、纺丝距离及SiC含量对PAA/SiC复合纳米纤维形貌的影响,利用热重法分析了PI/SiC复合纳米纤维的热稳定性。结果表明,使用固含量为15%的PAA溶液作为基体材料,再将纳米SiC以6%的含量均匀分散于基体材料中制备出纺丝液,在纺丝电压为10～18kV左右、纺丝距离为15cm时,可制备出直径250nm左右、光滑、连续、SiC分布均匀的PAA/SiC复合纳米纤维。PI/SiC复合纳米纤维热稳定性优异,氮气气氛中热分解温度为550℃。     

激光熔体静电纺丝研究进展

简述了静电纺丝法的发展历程及研究概况,比较了溶液静电纺丝法和熔体静电纺丝法的优缺点;详细介绍了激光熔体静电纺丝法的优势,总结了目前激光熔体静电纺丝法制备聚合物及复合物微纳米纤维的工艺条件如激光输出功率、应用电压以及聚合物的物理性质等对纤维直径的影响;简要介绍了线激光熔体静电纺丝装置;指出目前激光熔体静电纺丝法制得的多为...     

无纺丝头的熔融纺丝法

近年来,合成纤维纺丝的新工艺和新技术不断出现,如薄膜撕裂纤维法、无纺丝头纺丝法、瞬时纺丝法和相分离纺丝法等。本文专介绍无纺丝头熔融纺丝法(简称无头纺丝法)。 在常规熔融纺丝中,纤维成形是熔融聚合物强制通过纺丝头喷丝板的细孔予以实现,这     

Fabrication of segmented cladding fiber by bicomponent spinning

Fabrication of segmented cladding fiber (SCF) by bicomponent spinning was proposed in this article. In the new designed spin pack, we considered the high refractive component of cladding and core as a whole to control the cross section of the fiber. Quenching system in current bicomponent melting spinning system was modified according to the requirement of quenching fiber with a large size. The polymer SCF with required cross section was successfully fabricated using polycarbonate and polymethyl methacrylate. The transmission loss in the wavelength of 500–1000 nm was tested by the cut‐back method. The result showed that the transmission loss of the obtained fiber was comparatively high, being up to 30 dB/m. The output light pattern of the obtained fiber of 60 cm was collected by using a charge‐coupled device camera with laser light of 532 nm as the input. The output light pattern for the far field was a uniform circle and that for the near field was similar to the cross‐section designed. The results showed that the obtained fiber was still a multimode optical fiber because of the comparatively large refractive index difference between the two materials used. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈复合纤维的制备及结构研究

通过原位聚合的方法制备了碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈(CNTs/PAN)聚合液,用湿法纺丝工艺制备了CNTs/PAN复合纤维,分析了复合纤维流变性能、热性能及截面形貌。结果表明:CNTs的加入使得聚合物溶液出现了假凝胶化,粘度和弹性均有所上升,纺丝时溶液细流的表层遇水迅速凝固成致密的皮层,影响了纤维芯部的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和水的双扩散作用,凝固丝出现了很明显的皮芯结构,CNTs的加入还使得纤维预氧化放热过程得到了缓和。     

Application of response surface methodology to evaluate the effect of dry‐spinning parameters on poly (ε‐caprolactone) fiber properties

Poly (ε‐caprolactone) fibers were prepared by dry‐spinning method. The effect of processing parameters on linear density, mechanical, and morphological properties of fibers was investigated using the response surface methodology (RSM). This method allowed evaluating a quantitative relationship between polymer concentrations, spinning speed, and draw ratio on the properties of the fibers. Polynomial regression model was fitted to the experimental data to generate predicted response. The results were subjected to analysis of variance to determine significant parameters. It was found that all three parameters had significant effect on linear density of fibers. Combined effect of concentration and spinning speed was observed in which the linear density of fiber was more sensitive to changes in the solution concentration at lower spinning speed. Polymer concentration had the largest influence on the mechanical properties of fibers. An average cross‐sectional radius of fibers was affected by concentration and draw ratio in opposite manner. Among all three parameters, only polymer concentration had significant effect on circularity of fiber cross sections. By applying the RSM, it was possible to obtain a mathematical model that can be used to better define processing parameters to fabricate dry‐spun PCL fiber in a more rational manner. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42113.     

Syntheses and the Main Properties of Fiban Fibrous Ion Exchangers

The works on synthesis and main properties of fibrous ion exchangers are reviewed in the paper. The main attention is paid to the FIBAN materials found practical applications in water treatment and air purification processes. The following methods for preparation of ion exchange fibers have been considered: mechanical mixing of inert fiber‐forming polymer solutions or melts with finely dispersed ion‐exchangers with their following spinning into fibers; preparation of composite fibers containing polymeric reinforcement in the polyelectrolyte body; spinning of specially prepared polymers containing ionizable groups and having fiber‐forming properties; grafting of ionogenic polymers (or polymers in which ionogenic groups can be introduced after grafting) onto polymer chains of the existing polymer fiber; polymer analogues conversion of existing polymeric fibers by introducing in their structure ionizable functional groups. Conditions for preparation of ion exchange fibers with high exchange capacity, optimal swelling and acceptable mechanical properties have been outlined.     

聚丙烯腈熔融纺丝技术进展

叙述了聚丙烯腈的结构特征，丙烯腈聚合物的增塑，增塑和非增塑聚丙烯腈熔融纺丝工艺和纤维性质。熔纺制得的聚丙烯腈纤维，适用于纺织、地毯以及用作碳纤维原丝。增塑熔融纺丝技术已达到相当高的水平，熔纺纤维的形态与普通聚丙烯腈纤维类似，但存在皮芯结构，芯部有微孔。制得的聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝，拉伸强度达５．５～６．６ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ，用这种原丝生产的碳纤维的拉伸强度约为３．６×１０３ＭＰａ，模量约为２．３３×１０５ＭＰａ，伸长率约为１．５％，可制得性能优良的航空航天用复合材料。非增塑熔融纺丝，采用特定的丙烯腈聚合物和纺丝条件，不添加任何增塑剂，用普通熔融纺丝机在１０００ｍ／ｍｉｎ或２０００ｍ／ｍｉｎ以上的速度纺丝，经拉伸可得强度２．２～１１ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ、伸长率５％～３０％和模量５５～２２２ｃＮ／ｄｔｅｘ的纤维。     

PP/PA6复合超细纤维的研制

以 PP和 PA6为原料 ,采用复合纺丝技术 ,制成单丝纤度 2～ 3 dtex的常规纤维 ,该纤维在后加工过程中可以剥离成单丝纤度小于 0 .5 dtex的复合超细纤维。介绍了复合纺丝工艺 ,讨论了对纤维物理性能指标产生较大影响的工艺参数 ,试验制得的复合超细纤维截面清晰 ,在常温常压下可染 ,织物服用舒适性良好。     

抗菌纤维的研制

在纺丝挤出前向高聚物中添加一种有机、无毒、高效的抗菌剂,制得抗菌率≥90％的抗菌纤维。此种抗菌剂不溶于水,与高聚物具有良好的相容性,因此制得的纤维抗菌效果持久。讨论了抗菌剂加入量、纺丝工艺等,还对抗菌长丝、抗菌PP/PE复合纤维和抗菌非织造布的生产情况作了简单介绍。     

Influence of the spinning conditions on the structure and properties of polyamide 12/carbon nanotube composite fibers

The inclusion of nanoparticles in polymer fibers is potentially useful for improving or bringing new properties such as mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, piezoresistivity, and flame retardancy. In this study, composite fibers made of polyamide 12 and multiwall carbon nanotubes were investigated. The fibers were spun via a melt‐spinning process and stretched at different draw ratios. The influence of several spinning factors, including spinning speed, extrusion rate, and draw ratio were investigated and correlated to the structure and properties of the fibers. X‐ray diffraction analyses and mechanical tests indicated that the spinning speed barely affected the structure and mechanical properties of the fibers under tension. The spinning speed, however, is critical for future industrial applications because it determines the possible production rates. By contrast, drawing during spinning or after spinning strongly affected the polymer chain alignment and fiber mechanical properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009