ZrB2-SiC复相陶瓷涂层制备及其保护C/C-SiC复合材料性能

为提高C/C-SiC复合材料的超高温抗烧蚀性能,通过浆料涂刷和高温烧结相结合的方法在C/C-SiC复合材料表面制备了ZrB₂-SiC复相陶瓷涂层,利用EDS、SEM对涂层的成分及微观形貌进行了分析。对涂层材料的力学性能和抗烧蚀性能进行了表征,结果表明：制备的ZrB₂-SiC复相陶瓷涂层保护C/C-SiC复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及剪切强度分别为147 MPa、355 MPa和21.9 MPa,与无涂层保护的针刺C/C-SiC复合材料的力学性能相比略有下降。涂层材料具有良好的抗氧化烧蚀性能,经过热流密度为3 200 kW/m²的氧乙炔火焰烧蚀600 s试验,其线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为0.001 mm/s和0.0006 g/s。     

C/C-SiC复合材料的反应烧结法制备及应用进展

C/C-SiC复合材料具有轻质、高模、高热导率、低热膨胀系数、高温抗氧化等优异性能,是很好的高温结构材料。从C纤维的涂层保护、C/C多孔体的优化设计、反应烧结渗硅3个方面概述了C/C-SiC复合材料的反应烧结工艺制备过程;综述了C/C-SiC复合材料在航空航天、空间光学系统、刹车制动等领域的相关应用进展;展望了C/C-SiC复合材料制备工艺和应用方面的发展趋势。     

ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷涂层的抗烧蚀性能研究

为了提高C/C复合材料的抗氧化烧蚀性能,采用浆料浸涂与原位反应复合工艺在材料表面制备了ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷涂层,利用氧-丙烷火焰测试了涂层的抗烧蚀性能。结果表明:采用复合工艺所制备的ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷涂层与基材具有较高的结合强度;在氧-丙烷火焰冲刷条件下,涂层具有良好的抗烧蚀性能,涂层经1500℃下烧蚀600 s,ZrB2-SiC涂层无明显烧蚀,C/C复合材料保持完好。微观结构观察表明:烧蚀测试后,涂层中存在ZrO2和大量超高温陶瓷相,涂层抗烧蚀形式主要表现为热化学烧蚀和机械剥蚀。     

反应法制备硼化锆耐超高温涂层

为了提高C/SiC复合材料的超高温抗烧蚀性能,以锆粉、硼粉和酚醛树脂为原料,通过泥浆涂刷后高温烧结的方法在C/SiC表面制备了ZrB2涂层,研究了涂层的烧结反应过程,并对其组成、结构和抗烧蚀性能进行了表征.结果表明:1200℃前Zr先与碳反应生成ZrC,然后在1400～1600℃时ZrC与B反应生成ZrB2.浆料配比为n(Zr):n(B):n(C)=1.0:1.5:1.0时,1600℃制备的涂层由ZrB2、少量的ZrC及ZrO2组成.氧乙炔焰烧蚀60s后,由于ZrB2氧化形成了ZrO2熔融层,涂层后的C/SiC复合材料的线烧蚀率几乎为零,而未涂层的C/SiC复合材料的线烧蚀率为0.064mm/s.     

C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护研究进展

C/C-SiC复合材料具有高比强度、高比模量、高热导率、低热膨胀系数和优异的高温抗氧化性能等特点,是新一代的耐高温陶瓷基复合材料,已经被广泛地用作热结构和热防护材料、制动材料以及空间光学系统零部件等。近年来,随着高超声速飞行器和返回式航天运输工具的快速发展,飞行器面临着更多的有高热流、高压气流以及高速粒子冲蚀的环境,这对C/C-SiC复合材料的高温防护技术提出了更高的要求。C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护的研究主要集中在纤维涂层改性、基体改性和高温防护涂层等3个方面,综合近几年国内外的研究报道,从上述3个方面综述了C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护技术的研究进展,总结了各种高温防护技术的制备方法,比较了3种高温防护技术的特点,最后对C/C-SiC复合材料高温防护技术的发展趋势提出了一些见解。     

ZrB2体材及薄膜制备技术研究

采用冷等静压成型结合高温烧结的方法制备ZrB2体材,并用磁控溅射方法在UO2芯块表面制备出ZrB2薄膜。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱对烧结体及膜层的物相、形貌和成分进行了表征。采用热循环冲击的方法测试膜基结合性能。结果表明,所制体材能够满足磁控溅射制备ZrB2薄膜的需求。体材和膜层均为单相ZrB2,ZrB2薄膜生长均匀、致密且与基体有着良好的结合性能,膜层可以承受80℃到600℃快速升降温5次的热循环而仍然与基体紧密结合。     

C/C复合材料SiC/ZrB_2-MoSi_2复合涂层的抗氧化机制

采用包埋法和刷涂法在C/C复合材料基体上制备SiC/ZrB2-MoSi2抗氧化涂层,并利用SEM和XRD等测试手段对抗氧化涂层的组织结构、抗氧化性能和抗氧化机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,SiC内涂层可有效解决外涂层ZrB2-MoSi2与C/C复合材料基体间热膨胀系数差异较大的难题。刷涂法制备的ZrB2-MoSi2外涂层虽然有大量的龟裂纹,但涂层试样在1500℃空气中氧化10 h,失重率仅为3.58%,涂层具有很好的自愈合能力,表现出优异的高温抗氧化性能和抗热震性能。     

ZrB2颗粒增韧B4C陶瓷的原位合成

采用机械混合法无压烧结原位合成ZrB2/B4C陶瓷复合材料,研究了ZrB2含量对复相陶瓷主要性能的影响,分析了复相陶瓷的增韧机理.结果表明,当ZrB2的体积分数为16%时,相对密度最大约为94%,维氏硬度为39.5 GPa,抗折强度为320 MPa,断裂韧性为3.10 MPa·m1/2.由B4C基体和ZrB2颗粒热膨胀系数不匹配引起的裂纹偏转是ZrB2/B4C复相陶瓷增韧的主要原因.     

C/SiC材料表面Si/SiC涂层及其对基底结构的影响

采用泥浆预涂层反应法在C/ SiC 复合材料表面制备Si/ SiC 涂层。通过理论计算和实验确定了制备致密不开裂涂层的泥浆配比; 研究了埋粉烧结和气相硅真空反应烧结2 种不同烧结气氛对Si/ SiC 涂层微观形貌和成分的影响; 比较了单涂层和双涂层2 种不同涂层制备方法对C/ SiC 复合材料基底结构的影响; 用SEM 观察涂层形貌, 用XRD 分析涂层成分与晶体结构。结果表明: 泥浆中C∶Si (质量比) 在1∶1. 25 左右制备的涂层不开裂; 埋粉烧结制备的涂层成粉, 而气相硅真空反应烧结制备的涂层致密且与基底结合好; 单涂层法制备涂层后基底材料致密度高, 而双涂层法制备涂层后基底仍然保持多孔结构。      

ZrC改性C/C-SiC复合材料的力学和抗烧蚀性能

采用碳纤维针刺预制体, 用前驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)法分别制备了C/C-SiC和C/C-SiC-ZrC陶瓷基复合材料, 并对材料的微观结构、力学和烧蚀性能进行了分析对比。结果表明:利用该方法可制备出陶瓷相填充充分且分布均匀的复合材料。C/C-SiC-ZrC的面内弯曲强度、厚度方向的压缩强度、层间剪切强度均低于对应的C/C-SiC的。2 200 ℃、600 s氧化烧蚀后, C/C-SiC-ZrC的抗烧蚀性能显著优于C/C-SiC, 其线烧蚀率下降43.8%, 质量烧蚀率下降25%。在超高温阶段, C/C-SiC-ZrC复合材料基体的ZrC氧化生成的ZrO₂溶于SiC氧化生成的SiO₂中, 形成黏稠的二元玻璃态混合物, 有效阻止了氧化性气氛进入基体内部。      

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.