固体氧化物燃料电池核心部件的液料等离子熔射制备工艺

设计与开发了液料送粉系统,开展液料等离子熔射工艺制备SOFC电解质层的研究,并与大气等离子熔射制备结果进行比较.结果表明,致密电解质层的孔隙率1.61%,基本满足SOFC对电解质致密性的要求;较之于常规的大气等离子熔射制备工艺,液料等离子熔射制备的电解质层的厚度均匀性和致密性均得到了很大改善,有助于提高其导电性能;晶粒尺寸较小,有利于制备致密电解质涂层.     

悬浮液等离子喷涂热障涂层的沉积机制及热循环特性

悬浮液等离子喷涂(SPS)较大气等离子喷涂(APS)具有诸多优势,目前对SPS涂层沉积机理报道较少。采用6%~8%Y2O3-ZrO2(YSZ)悬浮液送料进行等离子喷涂制备热障涂层,利用激光粒度仪测试悬浮液中的YSZ粒度,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜观察雾化粒子形貌和涂层的显微组织,探讨涂层的热循环特性并分析其沉积机制。结果表明:悬浮液中93.38%的YSZ粒子尺寸在3.311μm以下;等离子火焰中雾化的YSZ粒子主要有熔融致密的小球状、未完全熔融的疏松球状和未熔融的原始无定形3种形态;喷涂时,小球状粒子撞击基体表面后主要形成直径3~7μm的致密扁平粒子,未完全熔融的疏松球状和无定形态粒子撞击基体时铺展不明显,粒子堆积时容易形成孔隙;粘结层与陶瓷层间横向裂纹的萌生扩展导致热障涂层最终脱落失效。     

EB-PVD制备YSZ涂层的氧空位和晶体学织构表征

为探索电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)制备YSZ涂层的显微组织结构特征,采用大功率EB-PVD设备制备了20 μm厚的YSZ涂层.分别利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析了涂层的化学成分和物相组成,并进一步采用X射线面探扫描技术对涂层的织构进行了表征.分析结果表明,涂层材料具有典型的立方萤石型结构,且表现出择优取向特征,空气气氛中1273 K退火前后XRD峰位的偏移以及退火后O元素沿断面的浓度分布均表明制备过程中在涂层的晶格内形成了额外的氧空位.     

液料等离子喷涂制备功能涂层的研究进展

液料等离子喷涂主要包括溶液前驱体等离子喷涂和悬浮液等离子喷涂两种,简要介绍了液料等离子喷涂的原理与特点,着重描述了液料等离子喷涂技术在制备热障涂层、生物陶瓷涂层、光催化涂层、固体氧化物燃料电池阳极涂层和气敏涂层方面的最新研究进展。液料等离子喷涂不仅解决了传统等离子喷涂的细粉输送难题,还具有工艺流程简单、沉积效率高和涂层结构精细等优点,特别适合于先进功能涂层的设计与制备。     

悬浮液等离子喷涂制备的热障涂层微观结构和性能

以纳米8wt.%Y2O3-ZrO2(YSZ)粉末为原料制备悬浮液,并将悬浮液喂料进行等离子喷涂制备热障涂层.采用XRD,SEM分析涂层的相组成与显微组织.结果表明:涂层中的晶粒保持在纳米尺度,涂层的相结构稳定.涂层表面覆盖着致密的扁平粒子组织,扁平粒子的平均等效直径为1.7 um,厚度均处在纳米尺寸.涂层内部为非层状结构,分布有大量的孔隙.这些组织和结构使得涂层具有优良的抗热震性能.     

等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积制备7YSZ热障涂层及其热导率研究

通过等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)技术在3种不同工艺参数下制备7YSZ热障涂层。采用XRD和SEM分析涂层的相结构和微观组织,利用激光脉冲法测量涂层不同温度下的热导率。结果表明:通过调整工艺参数中电流的大小和等离子气体成分,可以制备截面呈柱状、致密层状和柱-颗粒状混合组织结构,表面呈"菜花"状或起伏的多峰状的YSZ热障涂层。涂层的相结构由粉末的单斜相氧化锆(m-ZrO_2)转变为涂层中的四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2),并保留至室温。在700~1100℃时,YSZ涂层的热导率随着温度的升高而增大。柱状晶结构涂层因具有较大的孔隙率,可以有效降低涂层的热导率,其热导率为1.0~1.2W·m~(-1)·K~(-1);而层状结构涂层由于比较致密,其热导率相对较高。     

等离子喷涂用Y2O3稳定ZrO2空心球形粉末制备技术及涂层性能的研究现状

原始粉末是影响等离子喷涂热障涂层组织结构和性能的主要因素之一。Y_2O_3稳定ZrO_2(Yttria stabilized zirconia,YSZ)空心球形粉末综合了熔融破碎粉末的预合金化效果好和团聚烧结粉末的流动性好的优点。采用该粉末制备的YSZ热障涂层的隔热性能、抗热震性能以及抗烧结性能等均显著提高,是目前综合性能最为优异的热障涂层之一。结合国内外研究情况,文章主要介绍了喷雾干燥法、等离子球化法以及模板法制备等离子喷涂用YSZ空心球形粉末的原理和优缺点;同时,对等离子喷涂过程中YSZ空心球形粉末熔滴的飞行特性、铺展凝固行为以及YSZ空心球形粉末制备涂层组织结构及性能的研究进行了概述;最后,指出了目前研究中存在的问题并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

低压等离子喷涂YSZ热障涂层的组织结构

采用YSZ(Y2O3-ZrO2 8%W)粉末,经低压等离子喷涂(LPPS)在不同压力条件下制备了YSZ热障涂层(TBCs).通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析以及光电子能谱分析(XPS)对涂层的微观组织和相结构进行分析,结果表明:LPPS 8%Y2O3-ZrO2涂层为等轴层状结构,随压力越高,粉末熔化越充分,涂层内未熔粉末夹生形成的孔隙减少,同时闭合式堆垛孔隙增多;涂层由立方相c-ZrO2和四方相t‘-ZrO2组成,Zr4 在涂层中处于一种不完全氧化的状态.     

基于粉末冶金纳米YSZ热障涂层的研究与应用

以结合强度为衡量指标,由L9（3^4）试验确立了等离子喷涂纳米YSZ制备热障涂层的最佳工艺参数。采用SEM对涂层微观组织结构及涂层相关性能进行了研究分析。结果表明,经优化工艺参数喷涂制备的YSZ热障涂层,涂层中保留未完全熔融的小尺寸颗粒,该结构对提高涂层的性能极为有利,其中结合强度可达38．26MPa,300℃涂层的隔热温度在100℃以上。     

热喷涂复合结构MCrAlY/8YSZ热障涂层的抗剥落能力

在陶瓷涂层与金属粘接层之间制备一层NiCoCrAlTaY/YSZ复合过渡层和通过半熔化团聚YSZ粉末制备层状/多孔团状复合结构YSZ隔热层,用SEM表征了涂层的显微组织;依照ASTM C633标准测试了涂层的结合强度;用压痕法测试了陶瓷层的弹性模量和断裂韧性.用激光脉冲法测试了陶瓷层的热导率.用高温水淬快速冷却实验验证...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.