B4Cp/7050Al复合材料的腐蚀行为研究

为探索高强度高模量铝基复合材料的腐蚀性能,采用粉末冶金工艺制备了增强相体积分数为17%、20%的铝基复合材料。腐蚀研究结果表明,铝基复合材料的腐蚀与基体关系密切,复合材料产生的剥落腐蚀及电化学腐蚀与基体相比敏感性不强,增强相的加入使材料的晶间腐蚀、盐雾腐蚀性能恶化。     

A356Al/TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料的搅拌摩擦焊

采用纯机械化的固相连接技术--搅拌摩擦焊成功地焊接了应用原位反应合成法制造的铸态A356Al/6.5%TiB2(体积分数)颗粒增强铝基复合材料,与铝合金相比,铝基复合材料搅拌摩擦焊的焊缝质量对焊接参数更为敏感.该连接方法在较低温度下实现铝基复合材料的焊接,避免了基体铝合金与增强相之间的化学反应,同时在搅拌头机械搅拌、挤压和摩擦热的共同作用下,焊缝区基体材料的晶粒和增强相被破碎并形成再结晶晶核,细化了组织结构,增强相分布也更加弥散.焊缝区的硬度值波动范围很小,抗拉强度比母材增加约20%.研究表明,搅拌摩擦焊用于连接颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有明显的优势.     

石墨烯及碳化硅增强铝基复合材料的冲击力学行为

采用微机控制电子万能实验机和分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对石墨烯增强的铝基复合材料和碳化硅增强的铝基复合材料进行准静态压缩实验和动态冲击实验,研究石墨烯增强铝基复合材料在不同应变率下的冲击力学性能,采用SEM扫描电镜研究石墨烯增强的铝基复合材料和碳化硅增强的铝基复合材料的形貌特征。结果表明:在各个应变率载荷下,添加石墨烯和添加碳化硅都增强了铝合金的屈服强度,其中,添加石墨烯对铝合金的屈服强度提升更加明显,但不影响材料的应变硬化率;相较于在材料中添加碳化硅,添加石墨烯弱化了材料的应变率效应,在高应变率条件下,添加石墨烯降低了材料的强度极限;选取部分实验数据,拟合确定了添加石墨烯和添加碳化硅两种复合材料的J-C和Z-A本构方程的参数,并比较了两种本构模型的预测能力,对于本工作所研究的复合材料,J-C模型的预测能力更好。     

搅拌摩擦加工法制备碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料

为了制备晶粒细小、 组织均匀的复合材料, 提高材料的力学性能, 用搅拌摩擦加工法制备碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料, 并对不同碳纳米管含量的复合材料的微观结构、 拉伸性能及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明: 碳纳米管添加到铝基体中, 搅拌摩擦中心区晶粒细小, 碳纳米管与基体之间结合良好, 未发现明显的缺陷; 碳纳米管对基材有明显的强化作用, 铝基复合材料抗拉强度随着碳纳米管含量的增加而提高; 碳纳米管体积分数为7%时, 抗拉强度达到201 MPa, 是基材的2.2倍; 复合材料在宏观上呈现脆性断裂特征, 微观上呈现韧性断裂特征, 其断裂机制以CNTs/Al界面脱粘、 基体撕裂和增强体断裂为主。      

搅拌摩擦加工制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状及展望

铝合金作为现代工程和高新技术领域发展的关键材料之一,具有密度小、比强度和比刚度高、耐蚀性好等特点。通过在铝基体中添加增强相颗粒,制备得到的颗粒增强铝基复合材料既有铝合金良好的强度、韧性、易成形性等特点,又有颗粒的高强、高模等优点,是近年来应用最广的一类金属基复合材料。 目前,制备铝基复合材料的方法主要有粉末冶金法、铸造以及超声波法等,但这些方法在制备过程中需要较高的温度,颗粒与金属基体容易发生不良的界面反应,从而影响界面结合效果,降低复合材料的性能。搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)作为一种新型的固相加工技术,可同时实现材料微观组织的细化、致密化和均匀化。目前,FSP直接法已在铝基复合材料制备方面取得应用,主要是将增强相颗粒通过打盲孔或开槽的方式预置在金属基体内再进行FSP,进而制备出高致密度的颗粒增强铝基复合材料。因为FSP过程的温度低,颗粒与铝基体不会发生界面反应,所以该方法也被用于制备具有形状记忆效应(SME)的铝基功能复合材料。 近年研究结果表明,颗粒相对FSP制备的铝基复合材料晶粒细化起到显著作用,这有助于提高复合材料的拉伸强度、显微硬度及疲劳强度等力学性能。随着颗粒含量的增加和颗粒尺寸的减小,复合材料的力学性能得以增强。再者,减小颗粒尺寸有利于改善颗粒与基体之间的结合。另外,通过优化搅拌头的结构、形状和尺寸,以及FSP工艺参数,已经可以实现加工后颗粒相在基体中的均匀分布。 鉴于搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)直接法在制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料方面所具备的短流程、高效能以及基体与增强相颗粒界面无杂质等优势,本文对目前FSP直接法制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料的最新研究现状进行了总结。主要综述了FSP制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料过程中颗粒的含量、类型及尺寸对复合材料组织与力学性能的影响,并对颗粒分布均匀性以及颗粒与铝基体的界面问题做了阐述。文章最后深入分析了当前研究中的不足之处并展望了未来的研究方向。     

多壁碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的高温力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备不同含量多壁碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料,并对复合材料高温力学性能进行研究。结果表明:多壁碳纳米管的添加使得铝基体材料微观组织更加细小,并形成了少量纳米晶;铝基体中有较高密度位错,并在局部呈位错缠结状分布。与未添加多壁碳纳米管的铝基体相比,复合材料的高温拉伸强度明显增强,且随着碳纳米管含量的增加,复合材料强度逐渐提高,而高温塑性不断降低,350℃时,6.6%(体积分数)MWCNTs/Al复合材料的抗拉强度达到78MPa,为未添加多壁碳纳米管铝基材强度的3.9倍;断口分析表明,随着测试温度的提高,韧窝逐渐变小,呈脆性断裂特征。     

半固态等温热处理对Zr基非晶复合材料塑性变形机制的影响

通过添加不同体积分数的Nb,本工作设计了一系列Zr基非晶复合材料,主要研究了Nb含量对铸态、半固态非晶复合材料的微观组织及塑性性能的影响。结果表明:非晶复合材料塑性应变量随晶体相(β-Zr相)体积分数增加而呈现S型增强规律。半固态等温处理后的非晶复合材料塑性提升,但其塑性增长率随Nb含量增加而减小。当D_C(当量直径)/■(平均自由程间距)≥0.65时,β-Zr相体积分数出现最小临界阈值35%,此时材料塑性开始迅速提升;■时,β-Zr相体积分数超过54%后,材料塑性保持稳定,进一步说明非晶复合材料塑性与β-Zr相体积分数有关。     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料时效析出行为研究

时效是提高金属基复合材料力学性能和增强材料稳定性的重要方法,颗粒增强铝基复合材料的时效带来的强化效果有时甚至大于颗粒添加带来的弥散增强效果,深入研究时效析出行为对改进热处理工艺和复合材料的优化设计有至关重要的指导性作用.在当前开展的颗粒增强铝基复合材料时效行为研究的基础上,从时效机理出发,重点分析了基体、颗粒增强体、热处理工艺及加工工艺等对陶瓷颗粒增强铝基复合材料时效析出的影响,评述了当前主要采用的几种颗粒增强铝基复合材料时效析出行为的研究方法,展望了未来颗粒增强铝基复合材料时效行为可能的研究方向.     

颗粒增强铝基复合材料强韧化机制的研究新进展

轻质高强高韧铝基复合材料已成为汽车、航空航天及5G通讯等领域轻量化发展的重要基础材料之一.但高强度与高韧性不兼备以及加工成形性差成为限制其发展的瓶颈,铝基复合材料的强韧化成为近年来的研究热点.本文综述了颗粒增强铝基复合材料力学性能的主要影响因素以及强韧化机制方面的最新研究进展,特别是关于增强颗粒的构型化设计对高性能铝基复合材料强韧性的重要影响,以及非均匀材料中的异质变形诱导(HDI)强化新机制,并展望了其未来研究和发展趋势,为开发高性能的铝基复合材料提供理论指导.     

“界面素化”策略改善铝基复合材料腐蚀性能（英文）

添加增强相可以提高铝基复合材料的力学性能,但同时也会促进界面上原电池网络的形成,从而提升铝基复合材料的腐蚀敏感性.因此,优化界面结构是改善复合材料耐腐蚀性能的重要途径.对此,我们提出固相铝热反应结合热处理的策略,在Al–CuO复合材料中构建包括晶界和增强体-基体界面在内的“素化界面”.本文通过浸渍/电化学腐蚀试验和微观结构表征系统研究了复合材料的晶间腐蚀行为和应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,强调了晶内分布纳米第二相(Al₂O₃增强相和Al–Cu沉淀相)对消除沿晶界连续原电池网络和阻断腐蚀路径的贡献.此外,研究发现具有低应变能且紧密结合的Al₂O₃–Al界面显著降低了局部腐蚀敏感性.这项工作阐明了复合材料界面特性与腐蚀机制之间的相关性,为发展耐腐蚀复合材料提供了新思路.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.