锆英粉型壳与DD6单晶合金的界面反应

采用扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段研究了DD6单晶合金与锆英粉型壳的界面反应。结果表明,DD6高温合金与锆英粉型壳的界面反应产物为Al_2O_3、HfO_2、Nb/Ta氧化物和单质Si。由于锆英粉的主成分ZrSiO_4高温易分解,界面反应有局部加剧的趋势,反应产物粘附在型壳表面,导致界面处型壳侧生成5~8μm厚的Al_2O_3层,合金表面出现缺陷坑。通过分析"Al元素氧化-ZrSiO_4分解-低熔点富Si液相形成-Al_2O_3颗粒析出"的反应过程,建立了"反应坑"型的界面反应模型。     

DD6单晶高温合金的等温氧化行为(英文)

研究第二代单晶高温合金DD6在1050℃和1100℃下的等温氧化行为,分别采用SEM、XRD和EDS对氧化产物进行分析。结果表明,在1050℃和1100℃温度下,DD6合金的100h氧化动力学曲线遵循亚抛物线规律。在1050℃时,氧化产物分为两层,外层为NiO和少量的Al2O3,内层为Al2O3。而在1100℃时,氧化产物分为三层,外层为Al2O3和少量的NiO,中间层为Cr2O3和TaO2,内层由Al2O3组成。在这2种温度下的氧化物下面都形成了无γ′相的区域。     

Al2O3型壳与DD6单晶合金的界面反应

采用SEM、EDS、XRD等手段研究了DD6单晶合金与陶瓷型壳的界面反应。结果表明,DD6高温合金与Al_2O_3型壳的黑色界面反应产物主要是α-Al_2O_3,并伴有FeCr_2O_4、(Fe,Ni)固溶体等多种成分相,界面反应层的厚度一般为5～6μm;界面反应后陶瓷型壳内表面出现了TaO、NiO、HfO_2等多种反应产物;降低表面粗糙度、控制型壳矿化剂中的Fe_2O_3杂质含量,能够有效抑制界面反应的产生。     

Al_2O_3型壳与DZ22合金的界面反应研究

为解决Al2O3陶瓷型壳与DZ22合金的界面反应问题,通过浇注试验制得试样,借助光学显微镜、SEM、EDS等手段对所得试样的形貌、成分、界面等进行了研究。结果表明,DZ22合金与Al2O3型壳的反应产物表面呈现粉红色,产物主要是Cr2O3;金属-型壳界面处为白色的HfO2反应层;随着Al2O3型壳成分中杂质含量的增加,界面反应的程度逐渐增加。     

DD3单晶高温合金的高温蠕变断裂行为

通过对DD3单晶高温合金试棒进行1030℃／196MPa、1040℃／177MPa和1050℃／140MPa蠕变实验,并对试样断口形貌及其组织进行观察和分析,研究了第一代单晶高温合金DD3的高温蠕变断裂行为。蠕变试验结果表明：在1030～1050℃条件下,DD3合金具有优良的蠕变性能;蠕变开始不到10h,合金即进入稳态蠕变阶段。断口形貌及组织分析表明：高温条件下的DD3单晶高温合金蠕变断裂裂纹萌生于微孔,断裂模式为微孔聚集型断裂。     

喷丸强化对DD6单晶高温合金高温旋转弯曲疲劳性能的影响

研究了DD6单晶高温合金的喷丸强化,通过对比喷丸强化试样与未强化试样在760 ℃和650 ℃高温下的旋转弯曲疲劳寿命的增益特性,来确定单晶合金的喷丸强化效果.结果表明,喷丸强化可以提高DD6单晶高温合金在高温下的疲劳寿命,而且随着温度的升高疲劳寿命增益系数下降,在高温疲劳试验条件下喷丸试样形变表层中未发生再结晶.     

型壳中央散热对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织与持久性能的影响

以国内第2代单晶高温合金DD6为研究对象,研究了型壳中央散热对其凝固组织与持久性能的影响。结果表明,与合金中柱型壳相比,石墨中柱型壳能有效地改善单晶凝固过程中温度场的均匀性,提高温度梯度,有利于保持单晶凝固过程中热流方向的平直。因此,石墨中柱型壳有利于降低一次枝晶间距,细化γ-γ′共晶相,减少单晶生长方向与[001]方向的角度差,使单晶高温合金获得较高的持久寿命。     

小角度晶界对DD6单晶高温合金980℃拉伸性能的影响

针对第2代单晶高温合金DD6,采用籽晶制备了小角度晶界双晶试样.初步定量研究了小角度晶界对单晶高温合金DD6 980℃拉伸性能的影响.结果表明,随着小角度晶界角度的增加,试样的塑性显著降低,抗拉强度下降.与[001]取向标准试样的韧窝型断裂不同,小角度晶界试样出现不同程度的解理断裂特征,在晶界角度较大时,出现明显的沿晶断裂特征.与[001]标准试样相比,小角度晶界试样的断裂过程发生了变化,导致断裂机制发生变化.在980℃条件下,垂直于拉伸应力轴的枝晶界和小角度晶界将导致合金拉伸性能的降低.     

喷丸对DD6单晶合金高温疲劳性能的影响

用陶瓷丸CZ50对DD6单晶高温合金(简称DD6单晶)进行喷丸,研究喷丸后DD6单晶的表面形貌和650℃旋转弯曲疲劳应力-寿命曲线的变化。结果表明:喷丸消除了加工刀痕,缓和了表面应力集中;DD6单晶喷丸后疲劳极限达到486MPa,比未喷丸的原始试样提高了19.7%。喷丸后试样疲劳源呈现小刻面状的原因是由于喷丸强化层内较大的位错密度,裂纹扩展方向在距疲劳源30～50μm处出现变化,延长了单晶高温合金的扩展寿命。     

陶瓷壳型面层材料与Ti46Al1B阀门铸件的界面反应

分别采用Al2O3与Y2O3为壳型面层材料,离心铸造了Ti46Al1B(原子分数,%)合金阀门铸件,通过SEM,XRD以及气体分析等方法,确定壳型内表面物相组成、铸件与壳型反应层厚度以及合金的进氧情况,分析了壳型材料与Ti46Al1B合金的反应机理.结果表明,Y203和A120s壳型与合金的反应层厚度分别约为90和170 pm,使用Y203壳型时铸件进氧少,其热力学稳定性好于Al2O3壳型,与热力学计算结果相符.Y2O3壳型比Al2O3壳型更适合铸造Ti46Al1B阀门.     

Elimination of misrun and gas hole defects of investment casting TiAl alloy turbocharger based on numerical simulation and experimental study

Casting technology of thin-wall TiAl alloy turbochargers was studied by investment casting and numerical simulation.Misruns and gas holes were the main defects observed in preliminary work due to the poor fluidity of alloy,and to gas entrapment.In order to eliminate these defects,cast parameters,such as centrifugal rotation rate and mould preheating temperature,were optimized by numerical simulation,meanwhile,the structure of the shell mould was optimized to improve the filling capacity of TiAl alloy.Pouring experiments were carried out by vacuum induction melting furnace equipped with a water-cooled copper crucible based on the above optimization.The quality of the TiAl alloy casting was analyzed by fluorescent penetrant inspection and X-ray detection.The results show that a centrifugal rotation rate of 200 rpm,mould preheating temperature of 600°C,shell preparation through organic fiber addition can dramatically improve the mould filling capacity,and integrated turbochargers were finally prepared.     

Nd_(60)Fe_(30)Al_(10)大块非晶的制备及其热稳定性

采用熔渣包覆水淬法获得了直径为 ６ ｍｍ,长度为 ５０ ｍｍ的非晶 Ｎｄ６０Ｆｅ３０Ａｌ１０合金,并对其非晶形成能力进行了研究．在三元系非晶合金中,除 Ｐｄ基合金外,这是目前所报道的采用水淬法所能获得的最大尺寸的非晶合金 对 Ｎｄ７０Ｆｅ２０Ａｌ１０,在同样的条件下可获得直径为 ３ ｍｍ,长度为 ５０ ｍｍ的部分非晶组织 与普通铜模铸造方法所获得的临界直径相比,前者提高了 ２ ｍｍ,而后者降低了 ４ ｍｍ．利用 ＤＴＡ 和 ＤＳＣ 对 Ｎｄ６０Ｆｅ３０Ａｌ１０合金的熔点和形成能力进行了分析,所计算的临界冷却速率为０．５５Ｋ／ｓ,表明该合金具有较大的非晶形成能力．表观晶化能计算结果和 ＤＳＣ曲线分析表明,Ｎｄ６０Ｆｅ３０Ａｌ１０非晶的热稳定性较低     

Evaluation of crucible and investment materials for lost wax investment casting of Ti and NiTi alloys

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the suitability of selected commercial ceramic crucibles for the investment casting of Ti6Al4V and NiTi alloys for jewellery purposes. A commercial vacuum tilt casting machine and a centrifugal casting machine were employed to cast the alloys in cold copper moulds or in refractory investment shells. The form filling of the shell and the crucible and investment reactions were assessed by microstructural investigation, chemical analysis and hardness profiles of the as cast items as a function of shell temperature. The reaction of the alloys strongly depended on the alloy, the crucible material, the coating of the crucibles and the temperature of the ceramic shell. Optimum results were achieved with yttria and yttria coated Al titanate crucibles for Ti6Al4V and NiTi alloys respectively. Improvement of the materials and process costs is necessary to allow the competitive casting of jewellery made from titanium alloys.     

The Study of the Oxidation of a Ti–45Al–2Nb–2Mn–0.2B Alloy in the Investment Casting Using an Yttria Face Coat Mould

Investment casting is an economical method to manufacture near net-shape metal components. Due to the very high thermal and chemical inertness, yttria has been widely used as the mould face coat material for the investment casting of titanium alloy for many years. An investigation was undertaken to study the oxidation behaviour of TiAl alloy during casting in a mould using pure yttria as the face coat. This research shows that the TiAl alloy was still oxidized in the mould during casting when using yttria as the face coat. During high temperature casting, the yttria in the face coat was dissolved by high temperature molten metal flow. The oxygen from the yttria face coat diffused into TiAl and interacts with TiAl to form different microstructure and phases (e.g. precipitates such as oxygen enriched Ti₃Al and Al₂O₃ phases). Meanwhile, the dissolved yttrium was then re-precipitated at the metal interfacial area as yttria inclusions after metal cool down.     

Mullite shell mould for casting of advanced CG and SX components in nickel based superalloys

Abstract

Mullite base shell mould system is used for casting of superalloys in columnar and single crystal grains in temperature range of 1480–1550°C. The colloidal silica gel+mullite filler with and without fine alumina slurries was prepared followed by two shell moulds: one without alumina (shell system I) and the other with alumina (shell system II). Shell made with slurry system II resulted in increase in green strength by 10% and fired (950°C) strength by 125% respectively. Sag resistance capability was observed more for shell system II for tested temperatures from 1500 to 1650°C. Dimensional stability of low pressure turbine blade cast at 1550°C was also studied. No shell bulging effect was observed for both shell moulds. The importance of mullite filler material for shell mould to be used for investment casting and its capability to withstand high temperature without metal mould reaction have been highlighted.     

等离子喷涂强化H13钢铸铝压铸模实验研究

为解决H13钢铸铝压铸模普遍存在的抗热腐蚀能力差、强度低等问题,采用等离子喷涂工艺在H13钢基体上制备了Al2O3和Al2O3-TiO2两种硬质涂层。以喷涂电流、喷涂电压、喷涂距离为试验参数进行正交试验,采用MH-6型显微硬度仪和HSR-2M往复摩擦磨损试验机测试了涂层的显微硬度和磨损质量,通过对显微硬度的极差和方差分析,确定了影响涂层显微硬度的主次因素和显著因素,优化了喷涂工艺参数。结果表明,Al2O3-TiO2涂层的硬度982.0 HV,摩擦系数平均值为0.41～0.45,磨损量平均为0.89～0.93 mg;Al2O3涂层的硬度1446.2 HV,摩擦系数平均值为0.32～0.35,磨损量平均为0.58～0.62 mg。Al2O3涂层的性能较好,优化工艺参数为:电流为600 A,电压为65 V,喷涂距离为110 mm,预热温度为200℃。     

精铸水玻璃型壳硬化的几个问题

讨论精铸水玻璃型壳硬化工艺的几个问题，包括型壳中Ｎａ２Ｏ含量、型壳表面质量、湿强度、高温力学性能和残留强度等     

表面状态对DD6镍基单晶合金在950℃氧化行为的影响

采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及电子探针等分析手段,研究不同打磨表面状态(180^#、400^#、1000^#砂纸打磨和抛光)下DD6镍基单晶合金在950℃的氧化行为。表面状态对合金的氧化速率有重要的影响。随粗糙度增加,表面增重速率逐渐下降。抛光和1000^#砂纸打磨的表面具有多层氧化膜结构,氧化膜从外表面向基体分别由Ni_xCo_1-xO、Cr-Co-rich、Ta-Cr-rich、Al₂O₃和无析出相区域组成;而在180^#和400^#砂纸打磨的表面,氧化膜由单一、连续的Al₂O₃组成。另外,在抛光和1000^#砂纸打磨的表面,氧化动力学呈现两个阶段;而在180^#和400^#砂纸打磨的表面,并没有观察到氧化动力学转折点的出现。表面变形促进Al由内氧化向外氧化转变。     

液钛与氧化锆陶瓷型壳的相互作用

借助于Ｘ射线衍射、电子探针和扫描电镜等测试手段,研究了液钛与氧化锆陶瓷型壳的相互作用。结果表明,界面反应一方面基于型壳中的ＺｒＯ２分解和Ｚｒ,Ｏ原子向钛基体的扩散,形成ＣａＺｒＴｉ２Ｏ７相;另一方面液钛也向氧化锆型壳中扩散,形成Ｃａ２Ｚｒ５Ｔｉ２Ｏ１６相。阐述了液钛与氧化锆陶瓷型壳相互作用的双向扩散机制。指出降低浇注温度可减弱钛与型壳的界面反应。