形变对Ti-Ni-Hf高温记忆合金相变及双程形状记忆效应的影响

采用微分扫描式量热法(DSC)、拉伸试验和弯曲试验研究了形变对Ti36Ni49Hf15高温形状记忆合金相变及双程形状记忆效应的影响.结果表明,形变不影响合金的相变顺序.在马氏体状态下变形时,随形变量的增加,Ti36Ni49Hf15合金的马氏体相变温度略有下降,逆马氏体相变温度上升.当形变量一定时,合金在马氏体状态下不同温度变形,对合金的相变温度没有显著影响.Ti36Ni49Hf15高温记忆合金在马氏体状态下直接变形可以产生双程形状记忆效应,其双程可逆应变量随形变量的增加而增加.在随后的热循环过程中,合金的双程形状记忆效应在最初的几次循环过程中迅速下降,而后随循环次数的增加趋于稳定.     

环境温度对M2052合金阻尼性能的影响

采用OLYMPUS光学显微镜、XRD以及倒扭摆法,研究了退火态M2052阻尼合金的阻尼性能随工况温度变化的情况.实验结果表明:M2052合金在室温下的阻尼性能良好.合金的阻尼性能随应变振幅的增加而快速升高后,随应变振幅的进一步增加而基本保持不变.当工况温度低于M2052合金马氏体向奥氏体转变温度时,随温度的升高,孪晶密度下降,孪晶界减少,阻尼性能减小;当工况温度高于马氏体向奥氏体转变温度时,马氏体开始向奥氏体转变,导致母相和马氏体界面和马氏体与马氏体界面减少,同时孪晶继续减少,M2052合金阻尼性能加速下降.     

高阻尼TNCH-Z钛合金阻尼机制研究

在变频、变温和不同应变振幅下,对不同热处理后的新型阻尼TNCH-Z钛合金的低频阻尼特性进行研究,同时对该合金的声频内耗进行测量。结果表明:室温低频范围内,合金的阻尼性能受应变振幅影响较大:应变振幅增加,合金的阻尼性能随之提高;合金的相变阻尼随频率的加快而降低。由于马氏体相变的影响,合金对温度变化比较敏感。在-50～100℃相变范围内,合金的内耗峰值tanφ=0.08(加热)/0.09(冷却),马氏体相的内耗值高于母相的。受到热处理制度的影响,该合金的内耗峰宽化,提高了该合金的使用温度。该合金在声频范围内的内耗值达到10-2级。     

固溶温度对Cu-Zn-Al-Zr合金低频阻尼性能的影响

研究了固溶温度(650～900 ℃)对Cu-Zn-Al-Zr合金低频阻尼性能的影响.结果表明,随固溶温度升高,合金的阻尼性能提高,在800 ℃达到最大值,对数衰减率δ约为0.12;继续升高温度,合金的阻尼性能下降. 随应变振幅γmax增大,当γmax＜1.5×10-4时,阻尼迅速增加;当1.5×10-4＜γmax＜3×10-4时,阻尼增加缓慢; 当γmax＞3×10-4时,阻尼趋于稳定.     

304不锈钢棘轮变形过程中应变诱发马氏体相变行为研究

利用OM, SEM和XRD对单轴非对称应力循环下304不锈钢棘轮变形过程中的微观组织变化进行了实验观察. 结果表明: 304不锈钢棘轮变形过程中,当棘轮应变达到一定值后会 产生应变诱发马氏体相变, 形成板条状 马氏体,并且随循环周次的增加, 形成的应变诱发 马氏体相对量逐渐增加.因马氏体相变而诱发的塑性变形对总的棘轮变形量产生一定的影响,材料的棘轮应变应由两部分组成, 即应力引起的塑性应变和相变诱发的塑性应变.     

粉末冶金法SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了两种不同成分的基体合金及S iC颗粒增强镁基复合材料。采用LMA-1型低频力学弛豫谱仪对基体合金及复合材料的阻尼性能随频率、振幅及温度的变化关系进行了研究。结果表明,Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr合金的阻尼性能优于Mg-2.51%Zn-0.63%Zr合金的;S iC颗粒的加入使S iCp/Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr基复合材料的阻尼性能有所提高;基体合金及复合材料的内耗值均随频率的增加先急剧降低,随后趋于平缓;低应变振幅下阻尼性能受应变振幅影响较小,但在较高应变振幅下阻尼随应变振幅的增加而急剧增大;在200℃~250℃及350℃~400℃的温度范围内均出现内耗峰。     

固溶温度对Fe-19Mn合金的γ→ε相变和阻尼性能的影响

采用动态机械分析仪(DMA)对Fe-19Mn合金经950～1100℃固溶处理后的的阻尼性能进行了测试,利用OM和TEM观察了显微组织的演变,利用XRD进行了物相分析和不同类型层错几率的计算。结果表明:经固溶处理的Fe-19Mn合金的阻尼性能随振幅的增加呈近似线性增加,且振幅小于临界振幅A'(A'≈30μm)时的阻尼性能变化符合G-L位错模型,振幅高于A'时的阻尼性能变化与微塑性变形有关。随着固溶温度的升高,Fe-19Mn合金的阻尼性能降低,其中经950℃固溶处理后的阻尼性能最好。在不同的振幅范围内,其阻尼性能呈现不同的变化特征:当振幅小于等于170μm时,阻尼性能呈指数形式降低,并且与ε-马氏体中的形变层错几率的变化趋势相似,此时Fe-19Mn合金的阻尼性能主要受ε-马氏体中的形变层错边界的影响;当振幅大于170μm时,阻尼性能呈线性降低,并且与γ/ε相界面相对长度的变化趋势相似,此时Fe-19Mn合金的阻尼性能随固溶温度的变化主要受γ/ε相界面的影响。由γ-奥氏体中的层错观察可知,γ-奥氏体中的层错边界对Fe-19Mn合金的阻尼性能随振幅的变化无明显贡献。     

冷轧对TiNi合金组织及力学性能的影响

在室温下对TiNi合金进行轧制,采用OM、XRD、DSC、TEM等分析检测技术,研究了冷轧变形量对TiNi合金显微组织演变、力学性能的影响规律,探讨了合金变形的微观机制。结果表明：TiNi合金在冷轧变形过程中,组织发生了B2奥氏体相向B19’马氏体相的转变;随变形量的增加,组织的不均匀变形增加,出现了纳米晶和非晶相。冷轧后的TiNi合金在拉伸过程中仅表现出奥氏体相、马氏体相的弹性变形和塑性变形阶段,应力诱发马氏体相变阶段消失,表现为连续屈服过程。TiNi合金在不同的应变阶段具有不同的变形机制：当应变量为0<ε≤0.3时,合金的主要变形机制为位错滑移;当应变量ε>0.3时,合金以孪生和位错滑移相结合的变形机制进行变形。     

Ti-50．8Ni-0．3Cr超弹性合金的相变与形变特性

用示差扫描量热仪、X射线衍射仪、拉伸实验和循环实验研究了退火温度、形变温度和应力-应变循环对Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr超弹性(SE)合金丝和弹簧相变、形变及应力循环特性的影响.350-600℃退火态Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr合金室温下呈SE特性,室温组织由母相B2和TiNi3组成.退火温度显著影响合金的相变类型,随退火温度升高,合金的马氏体相变温度升高,R相变温度先升高后降低,应力诱发马氏体应力先降低后升高;随形变温度的升高,SE弹簧的应力诱发马氏体切应力增加;随应力循环次数增加,SE弹簧的应变恢复率先快速衰减后趋于稳定.预循环训练可增加弹簧SE特性的稳定性.要使该合金弹簧具有良好的SE特性,退火温度应为400-550℃,使用温度应在室温以上.     

NiTi合金的显微组织和双程形状记忆效应

通过弯曲试验和透射电镜分析系统研究了热处理工艺、形变量、形变温度对NiTi合金双程形状记忆效应和显微组织的影响。结果表明 ,冷轧变形试样经不同温度退火后 ,双程可逆应变量随退火温度的升高而增大 ,退火温度超过 550℃后 ,温度继续升高 ,双程可逆应变量基本不变。同一温度退火的试样 ,双程可逆应变量随弯曲形变量的增加而增加 ,至形变量εt=12 %时达到最大值 ,εt 进一步增加 ,双程可逆应变量呈下降趋势。弯曲形变量相同时 ,弯曲温度升高 ,双程可逆应变量εt 减小 ,形变温度超过Mσs 时基本不再呈现双程记忆效应。马氏体再取向形成的位错可以产生有效内应力场 ,诱发双程形状记忆效应     

DAMPING BEHAVIOR OF ULTRAFINE-GRAINED PURE ALUMINUM L2 AND THE DAMPING MECHANISM

Ultrafine-grained pure aluminum L2 with a mean grain size of 1.0μm was produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing at 150℃ for 2h. Damping behavior of the alloy was measured using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer. The alloy had an excellent damping capacity Q-1 with the ambient value being 9.8×10-3 at 1.0Hz when the strain amplitude was 2.0×10-3. The damping behavior of the alloy showed a non-linear damping variation tendency, that is, with an increase in temperature and a decrease of frequency, the damping capacity of the alloy increased. The damping capacity increased with the strain amplitude when the strain amplitude was less than 4.6×10-5. When the strain amplitude was higher than 4.6×10-5, the damping capacity became a constant and independent of strain amplitude. The high damping capacity was attributed to dislocation unpinning and a drag of dislocation on pinning points.     

Effect of small tensile deformation on damping capacities of Mg-1%Al alloy

Tensile tests with small deformation amounts of 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 5% were performed at room temperature on as cast Mg-1%Al alloy. Microstructures of the Mg-1%Al alloys before and after deformation were observed by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The strain amplitude dependent and temperature dependent damping capacities of the as-cast and deformed Mg-1%Al alloys were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The mechanism of deformation on damping capacity of Mg-1%Al alloy was discussed. The results show that the as-cast Mg-1%Al alloy has high damping value at high strain. When the tensile elongation is higher than 3%, the damping values of this alloy in high strain region are significantly decreased at room temperature. But the large amount of dislocations produced by tensile deformation are activated by heat, and then increase the damping value at high temperature.     

Superelastic damping of TiNi alloy wire under heavy mechanical shock in structural engineering

Based on superelastic damping application in structural engineering, the damping characteristics of commercial Ti-50.8Ni(mole fraction, %) alloy have been systematically studied by adjusting frequency of mechanical shock, temperature, stress, strain and number of cycling. The results show that at extremely low frequency mechanical shock at room temperature, the superelastic damping capacity increases with controlled strain, and such capacity of each cycle is greater than 50%. When the frequency of mechanical shock is 0.1 -0.3 Hz, the superelastic damping capacity above room temperature is relatively large at high strain; when the temperature approaches to Md,the damping begins at low stress. For specimen cycled under 0.5 Hz, above 6 % strain mechanical shock at relatively high temperature, further large-strain cycling exhibits more than 35 % damping capacity. The superelastic damping of trained specimen is relatively stable at 20 - 50℃ and 0.1 - 0.5 Hz frequency mechanical shock.     

轧制变形量对Mg-Zn-Y合金组织和性能的影响

使用光学显微镜、动态机械热分析仪、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了不同轧制变形量对Mg-4Zn-2Y和Mg-4Zn-4Y合金显微组织、力学性能及阻尼性能的影响。结果表明,经轧制后合金中出现片层状的LPSO相;两种合金阻尼性能中与应变振幅无关的阻尼性能Q^-1₀随着轧制变形量的增加,其变化趋势基本一致,与应变振幅相关的阻尼性能Q^-1_h随着轧制变形量的增加而降低,Mg-4Zn-2Y合金以及Mg-4Zn-4Y合金的阻尼机制为位错型阻尼;随着轧制变形量的增加,合金断口中的韧窝数量增加,解理面减少,主要断裂方式由脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂;相同轧制变形量下,Mg-4Zn-4Y合金的强度优于Mg-4Zn-2Y合金,而阻尼性能要低于Mg-4Zn-2Y合金。     

Effect of grain size on the damping capacity of quasicrystalline Al-Cu-Fe materials

Thick quasicrystalline (QC) Al-Cu-Fe coatings obtained by electron-beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD) on titanium substrates at different temperatures have been used for damping measurements. The measurements were performed by the method of free-decay vibrations with using flat cantilever specimens covered with the QC coatings in the strain amplitude range of 10^− 4-10^− 3 and in the temperature range of 290-620 K. We have studied the intrinsic damping capacity of the QC coatings with different grain sizes as a function of strain amplitude using a calculation procedure. The intrinsic damping capacity of all the QC materials is found to increase progressively with temperature in the whole strain amplitude range. It was found that decreasing of the QC grain size to nanoscale values leads to a significant increase of their damping capacity at temperatures above 520 K. Possible mechanisms of dissipation of mechanical energy in nanostructured quasicrystals at elevated temperatures are discussed.     

铸态Mg-xSn-1Mn合金的显微组织和阻尼性能

采用光学显微镜(OM)、维氏硬度计、热动态分析仪、X射线衍射(XRD)、多功能内耗仪等,研究了Sn含量对Mg-xSn-1Mn合金显微组织、阻尼性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当Sn含量从2%增加到8%时,Mg-xSn-1Mn合金的枝晶间隙呈现细化的趋势,硬度从43.84 HV0.1增加至54.00 HV0.1,呈单调增加的趋势。应变无关阻尼随着Sn含量的增加呈现先增后减的趋势,在Sn含量为4%时达到最大,应变相关阻尼则随着Sn含量的增加呈现逐渐减小的趋势。在低温阶段,相同Sn含量的合金的阻尼随着频率的增大呈现增加的趋势;但在高温下,阻尼值在低频时的上升速率比高频时快,并随着温度的升高,低频阻尼和高频阻尼趋向于相等。当Sn含量不同时,随着温度的升高,Sn含量较高的合金的阻尼值上升速率变快。     

铝-钢爆炸焊接复合材料阻尼性能研究

通过改变铝-钢爆炸焊接复合材料铝板的厚度,研究了其对阻尼性能的影响.结果表明,随铝板厚度的增加,传递函数存在明显的相位差,振幅明显降低,内耗增加,固有频率下降;对铝-钢爆炸焊接复合材料的强迫振动测试表明,为充分发挥此材料的阻尼性能,应在频率高于170 Hz或低于50 Hz时使用.     

Numerical modeling of damping capacity of Zn-Al alloys with fully lamellar microstructures

The damping behaviors of Zn-Al alloys with fully lamellar microstructures were simulated with the cell method. The influences of the grain boundary condition, the strain amplitude, the number of the lamellae in the grain （N） and the content ratio of Zn and Al in Zn-Al alloys on the damping capacity were investigated. The results indicate that the grain boundary condition has great influence on the damping capacity of Zn-Al alloys, and also affects the relationship between the damping capacity and the number of lamellae （N）. The variation of damping capacity with the strain amplitude is increasing exponentially with the strain amplitude and the damping capacity increases with the increasing of content of Zn.     

CuAlMn形状记忆合金微观组织对阻尼性能的影响

研究了一系列典型CuAlMn系形状记忆合金的室温组织和阻尼特性.表面应力振幅4.05MPa时,马氏体态和母相态的室温阻尼性能相当(Q-1≈0.1).当应力振幅由4.05MPa增加到40.5MPa时,无论是在马氏体态还是母相态,CuAlMn形状记忆合金的阻尼性能都随应力振幅增加而下降,但母相态阻尼性能下降速度更快.研究结果说明常温下应力振幅对阻尼性能的影响不同于升降温过程.