磷锌配施对水稻产量影响的研究

采用二因素五水平D—饱和优化设计,以两种水稻土进行水稻盆栽试验,对磷、锌肥料用量与水稻产量之间的关系进行研究,建立了水稻产量函数模型。结果表明,磷、锌肥料均能显著地影响水稻产量,其作用大小为锌肥>磷肥。当盘锦盐渍型水稻土施用P2O5 和ZnSO4 为0. 3000、0. 0031gkg-1土、抚顺潜育型水稻土施用P2O5 和ZnSO4 为0. 1317、0. 0108gkg-1土时,获得最高产量。     

辽宁省稻田土壤供钾状况研究

据测定,辽宁省水稻土速效钾、缓效钾的平均含量均以盘锦、营口地区的盐渍型水稻土为最高,其次是东港地区盐渍型、淹育型和潜育型水稻土以及铁岭地区淹育型水稻土,最低的是沈阳地区淹育型水稻土。各地区水稻土的供钾强度(Ⅰ)、供钾容量(Q)以及供钾缓冲力(Q/I),均按上述地区顺序依次递减。出现这些差异,是由于土壤成土母质、粘土矿物类型、钾肥用量、灌溉水水质以及土壤基本性质,诸如粘粒含量、阳离子交换量、pH值等因素不同而造成的。盘锦、营口稻区水稻土在这几方面都占优势。     

锌铬复合污染对水稻根系氮代谢的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了锌铬复合污染对水稻(Dryza sativa L)根系氮代谢的影响.结果表明,在锌铬复合污染下,随着重金属浓度的增加,水稻在不同生育期的生物量均降低,根冠比均有增加的趋势.在水稻不同生育期,水稻根系全氮含量及可溶性蛋白含量随铬浓度的变化规律不明显,而随锌浓度的变化规律较为明显,即随锌浓度的增加呈增大的趋势.偏相关分析表明,在水稻不同生育期,土壤中锌浓度、铬浓度与水稻根系全氮未产生复合效应,与可溶性蛋白含量在水稻分蘖期产生了Zn-Cr协同效应.这可能与在水稻不同生育期,其根系对重金属胁迫的适应程度不同有关.     

不同供磷水平下水稻磷素吸收利用和产量的基因型差异

通过田间试验研究了不同供磷水平对8个水稻品种磷素吸收利用和稻谷产量的影响。研究结果表明,两种供磷水平下,水稻的稻谷产量、磷利用效率和各生育期地上部磷积累都存在显著的基因型差异。低磷胁迫显著降低水稻的稻谷产量和各生育期地上部磷积累,显著提高水稻的磷利用效率。相关性分析表明,低磷胁迫下水稻稻谷产量与水稻磷利用效率、生育前期(秧苗期 分蘖期)地上部磷积累以及生育中期(抽穗期)地上部磷积累呈显著正相关(p<0. 05);正常供磷条件下水稻稻谷产量与磷利用效率、生育前期地上部磷积累呈显著正相关(p<0. 05)。因此筛选和培育具有较高磷利用效率和在生育前期具有较强磷素积累特性的水稻基因型可能是缓解南方水稻土磷素严重缺乏的有效途径之一。     

红壤性水稻土稀土元素组分分布与变异性研究

测定了具有代表性的 4种母质发育、3种水育型的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的∑REE、∑LREE和∑HREE ,分析了其分布特点和剖面变异性 ,表明 :(1)红壤性水稻土的∑REE平均水平和离散性均大于全国水稻土平均水平 :(2 )不同母质发育的供试土壤的∑REE和∑LREE的平均水平依玄武岩母质土壤系列 >石英闪长岩母质土壤系列 >黑云母花岗岩母质土壤系列 >凝灰岩母质土壤系列顺序递减 ;(3 )土壤剖面稀土组分体系的变异程度为 :∑LREE >∑HREE >∑REE ;而在不同水育类型上则依起源土壤、潜育型水稻土、渗育型水稻土、潴育型水稻土顺序增大。 (4 )∑LREE和∑HREE在渗育型水稻土的E层和潴育型水稻土的Br层具有显著的分馏作用     

菜园土壤高磷条件对油菜磷、锌含量的影响

采用盆钵试验研究了菜园土高磷条件下对油菜磷、锌颉颃作用的影响。结果表明,随着土壤有效磷含量的升高,油菜植株体内的含磷量也在不断升高,但上升的趋势逐渐减缓,其中,茎叶的含磷量始终大于根中的含磷量。而植株的含锌量则有很大的不同,随着土壤有效磷含量的增加,植株根中的含锌量也在不断的增加,直到趋于平稳,而茎叶中锌的含量随土壤有效磷含量的升高而增加到一定程度后表现出下降的变化趋势。这说明油菜的磷、锌颉颃作用是发生在植株体内的一种生理机制。     

水稻土中铁还原与无机磷有效性的关系

采集我国吉林省吉林市(1号)、四川省邛崃市(2号)、江西省安福县(3号)及广东省雷州半岛(4号)等地区的四种典型水稻土,通过模拟厌氧培养试验,研究在厌氧还原条件下不同水稻土中Fe(II)产生量、有效性磷浓度及A l-P、Fe-P和O-P等无机磷形态变化情况。结果表明,淹水后四种水稻土中Fe(II)含量均有不同程度的增加,土壤有效磷浓度也呈现相同的变化趋势。淹水60天后在1、2、3、4号土壤中,Fe(II)的净增加量分别为5.5mg g-1,4.3mg g-1,2.1mg g-1和3.7mg g-1;有效磷的增加量分别为50 mg kg-1,18.6 mg kg-1,23 mg kg-1和12.4 mg kg-1。厌氧培养30天内土壤Fe(II)产生量与有效磷浓度的变化呈极显著的相关关系。在1、2、3、4号土壤中,Fe(II)与有效磷的相关系数依次为0.9679、0.9744、0.8949和0.7501。     

苹果酸对温室土壤磷释放与吸附的影响

试验研究了不同浓度苹果酸处理对温室土壤磷吸附和释放的影响,并运用DPS数据分析系统建立了土壤磷释放和吸附与苹果酸浓度之间相关的数学模型。结果表明:(1)随着苹果酸用量增加,土壤释放磷量也逐渐增加。二者之间的关系可以用Peal-Reed等7种不同类型的数学模型拟合;(2)供试土壤对磷的吸附较好地符合Langmu ir方程式;苹果酸显著降低了土壤对磷的吸附,随着苹果酸浓度的增加,土壤对磷的最大吸附量和最大缓冲容量都呈现下降趋势。     

北方酸性水稻土上氮磷硅肥配施对水稻产量影响的研究

用盆栽的方法,采用三因素五水平D-饱和优化设计,以采自于辽宁东部的酸性水稻土为供试土壤。对氮、磷、硅肥用量与水稻产量之间的关系进行研究,建立了水稻产量函数模型;结果表明,氮、磷、硅肥均能显著地影响水稻产量,其作用大小依次为氮肥>磷肥>硅肥,获得最高产量的施肥方案N、P2O5和SiO2分别为0.248、0.129和0.0001g/kg土。     

红壤性水稻土可溶态稀土分布特征及与酸度调控的关系

测定了具有代表性的4种母质发育、3种水育型的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的可溶性稀土(REEs)和稀土总丰度(∑REE),分析了REEs的分布特征及与∑REE的相关,研究了经酸碱调节后土壤REEs与pH值的关系,结果表明:(1)不同母质发育的供试土壤REEs平均值依石英闪长岩母质土壤系列、凝灰岩母质土壤系列、黑云母花岗岩母质土壤系列、玄武岩母质土壤系列顺序递减。(2)供试土壤REEs与∑REE的相关不显著。(3)起源土壤剖面中REEs具有明显自上而下增大的趋势,而不同水育型水稻土剖面的REEs分布各有特征,但总的趋势是自上而下减少。(4)经酸度调节后供试土壤的REEs随着土壤pH值的提高而下降,呈显著的幂函数相关。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.