硫脲在农业中的研究和应用

硫脲既是一种硝化抑制剂也是一种脲酶抑制剂。国外的一些研究表明,硫脲与尿素或硝铵尿素(UAN)配施能有效抑制土壤中尿素的水解、减少NH3挥发损失和延缓氮素的矿化过程,同时促进作物生长、增加作物产量。     

长效尿素的研制生产与应用

长效尿素为添加抑制剂的尿素新产品,抑制剂包括脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂,它们可有效地减缓尿素水解进程,延长肥效期,提高氮素利用率,使农业达到增产、节肥和省工的综合效益。本文介绍了长效尿素的研制、生产、农业应用效果和施用技术。     

脲酶/硝化抑制剂在土壤N转化过程中的作用

综述了脲酶抑制剂/硝化抑制剂对土壤氮的转化过程:尿素水解过程、硝化过程、硝酸盐淋溶过程、反硝化过程、微生物固持过程、N矿化过程及气体挥发过程的影响和抑制剂的作用机理,并提出今后研究的发展方向,为今后如何施用抑制剂来提高土壤中氮素利用率和减少环境污染提供一定的参考价值。     

硝化抑制剂与硫磺对三种水稻土旱作条件下尿素肥料硝化作用的影响

本文对加入硝化抑制剂和硫磺的尿素肥料在我国三种水稻土旱作条件下的氮肥硝化作用过程进行研究。研究表明尿素中单加硝化抑制剂对三种供试水稻土旱作条件下的氮肥硝化作用均有抑制,但抑制的强度与土壤类型有较大关系;而尿素中同时加入硝化抑制剂与硫磺在pH为5. 16的红壤和pH 6. 05黄泥土上都表现出对氮肥硝化过程的抑制作用;硫磺对pH为7. 06的乌珊土上的硝化过程无抑制作用。本试验研究可为硝化抑制剂肥料和硫包尿素肥料的设计与使用提供一定的基础资料。     

脲酶/硝化抑制剂对土壤脲酶活性、有效态氮及春小麦产量的影响

通过田间随机区组试验,就缓释尿素对土壤脲酶活性,土壤有效态氮及小麦产量的影响进行了研究.本试验设置4个处理,1)普通尿素(U);2)U 脲酶抑制剂LNS(SRU1);3)SRU1 硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)(SRU2);4)SRU1 硝化抑制剂3,5-二甲基吡唑(DMP)(SRU3).结果表明,在整个春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生育期内,SRU1、SRU2和SRU3处理的土壤脲酶活性低于U处理,且SRU2、SRU3处理的土壤NH4 -N含量在较长时间内维持在较高水平;小麦成熟期,SRU1、SUR2和SRU3处理土壤有效态N含量显著高于U处理(p＜0.05);SRU1、SRU2、SRU3处理小麦的生物学性状和产量略高于U处理,但是处理间没有显著差异.     

新型脲酶抑制剂LNS与双氰胺配合施用对菜田土壤尿素氮转化及蔬菜生长的影响

采用微区试验方法,初步探讨了新型脲酶抑制剂LNS及其与硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)配合施用对菜田土壤尿素氮转化和蔬菜生长的影响。结果表明,LNS对土壤脲酶活性可以起到一定的抑制作用,从而延迟尿素N在土壤中的水解和NH4 -N的释放高峰期,其发挥作用的时间大约在施用后前10天。LNS与DCD配合施用则能显著抑制尿素水解后NH4 的氧化作用,使蔬菜整个生长期内的NO3--N含量维持在较低水平。抑制剂的施用对芹菜产量虽然没有产生显著影响,但可以降低其体内硝酸盐含量,并提高芹菜干物质含量。     

不同缓/控释氮肥在玉米苗期的养分释放与转化研究

采用盆栽试验,模拟田间生态环境,研究施用不同缓/控释氮素肥料在玉米苗期的土壤尿素态氮、硝态氮、铵态氮及矿质态氮数量。研究表明,施用醋酸酯淀粉包膜脲酶抑制剂NBPT涂层大颗粒尿素肥料的尿素态氮含量最高,为21.29 mg kg-1土;硝化抑制剂DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素、醋酸酯淀粉包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素的铵态氮含量最高,分别达到60.22 mg kg-1土和59.93 mg kg-1土,硝态氮含量最低,分别为29.82 mg kg-1土、27.97 mg kg-1土,相互间差异不显著;醋酸酯淀粉包膜大颗粒尿素的硝态氮和矿质态氮含量都最高,分别为102.08 mg kg-1土和135.25mg kg-1土,铵态氮、尿素态氮含量最低,分别为33.16 mg kg-1和3.42 mg kg-1土,相互间无显著差异;DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素、丙烯酸树脂包膜NBPT涂层大颗粒尿素、醋酸酯淀粉包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素和丙烯酸树脂包膜DCD与NBPT混合涂层大颗粒尿素在玉米苗期的土壤矿质态氮含量最少,相互间无显著差异,分别为89.75 mg kg-1土、93.70 mg kg-1土、88.19 mg kg-1土和86.22 mg kg-1土,说明它们在玉米苗期氮素养分释放量最少,包膜和抑制剂的作用效应较好。     

硫脲对脲酶活性和尿素氮转化的试验初报

本试验研究了硫脲(TU,0.1%,0.3%,0.5%,1.0%,5.0%)不同浓度对土壤脲酶活性、土壤尿素氮转化的影响。室内培养表明,硫脲既是一种弱脲酶抑制剂又是一种硝化抑制剂。硫脲对脲酶活性和尿素水解均有显著的抑制作用,但是作用时间较短;硫脲用量为0.1%时,就起到了抑制作用,用量0.3%～1.0%之间差异不显著,用量1.0%～5.0%之间抑制效果随用量增加而加强。硫脲不仅延缓了土壤NH4 -N的释放高峰期一周,而且降低了土壤中NO3--N的富集,使NO3--N的释放高峰期向后推迟了10天。本试验条件下,土壤中的NH4 -N向NO3--N转化的时间大约为7～10天;土壤中有效氮的释放曲线主要取决于土壤NH4 -N的浓度,受NO3--N的影响次之。     

NBPT与DMPP不同剂量组合对尿素氮转化的影响

采用室内模拟试验的方法,探讨了脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)和硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)的不同浓度组合对尿素氮转化的影响.结果表明,NBPT与DMPP不同浓度组合均不同程度的延缓了尿素的水解,使尿素N水解产物更加以NH4 -N形态保持在土壤中;延缓了硝化作用进程并减少了硝酸盐在土壤累积,在此基础上增加了土壤有效态N含量.综合不同浓度组合对尿素水解的抑制、土壤NH4 -N和NO3--N含量变化、硝化作用抑制效果、土壤有效态N水平等指标并结合成本考虑,NBPT和DMPP分别为0.1%和0.5%施氮量时为最适宜的组合.     

抑制剂对尿素转化及土壤中氮的影响研究

以草甸棕壤为基质进行室内培养试验结果表明,脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂配合使用,明显地抑制了NH4 -N向NO3--N的转化。NBPT DCD处理效果最好,可延缓硝态氮的释放高峰达40天以上;H1和HA都表现出较强的硝化抑制作用。H3和H2对硝态氮基本无影响。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

基于AD9626的模拟信号采集存储卡设计

自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

A human-computer interface for non-computer specialists

The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users.