三种秸秆有机肥改良土壤次生盐渍化的效果及生物效应

通过盆栽实验的方法,研究了三种秸秆有机肥对次生盐渍化土壤的EC值、硝酸根离子含量和油菜生物量的影响。结果表明,M1有机肥显著增加油菜的生物量,但在一定程度上增加土壤盐分含量;M2有机肥的效果与M1有机肥效果趋势相似,但增加土壤中的盐分含量的程度要小的多;而施用秸秆肥料M3,在增加油菜生物量的同时显著降低土壤盐分含量,减轻了土壤的次生盐渍化程度。结果表明,三种秸秆有机肥均能提高油菜对盐渍化的耐受能力,增加其生物量。采用M3秸秆有机肥改良土壤盐渍化是一条有效途径,但其最佳施用量与土壤盐渍化程度有关,非盐渍化土壤施用过多M3肥料将降低生物量。     

不同水氮措施对芹菜-白菜轮作体系中氮素利用与土壤NO3--N残留的影响

在宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土设置田间试验,研究不同水氮措施对芹菜-白菜轮作体系中的氮素利用与平衡的影响,结果表明:节水灌溉的W2N3(推荐施氮)处理与传统灌溉(W1N3)(推荐施氮)的处理相比,芹菜的产量、吸氮量分别高12.2%、14.7%,白菜的产量、吸氮量分别高22.4%、4.4%。在氮素平衡方面,推荐施氮处理氮素损失比传统施氮损失分别低53kghm-2(传统灌溉)、30kghm-2(节水灌溉)。节水条件下推荐施氮处理的土壤剖面上的无机氮残留浓度,减少量分别达到3～13kghm-2。节水灌溉下与传统灌溉相比,节水灌溉的土壤残留硝态氮的含量均比传统灌溉低,而且主要分布在0～60cm表层,推荐施氮量的土壤残留硝态氮的含量又比习惯施氮量低。     

甘肃景电灌区次生盐化土壤的性质及其发生机理

本文对甘肃景电灌区次生盐化土壤的理化性质进行了研究 .该区次生盐渍化土壤主要为硫酸盐氯化物和氯化物硫酸盐型 ,水溶性钠离子在阳离子中占绝对优势 .土壤通体碳酸钙含量很高 ,并有少量的石膏 .钠离子饱和度很高 ,具有钠质特性或钠质化现象 ,盐化与钠质化同时进行 .在此基础上对次生盐渍化的机理和改良进行了讨论     

蔬菜保护地节点式渗灌管的研制与应用

针对保护地渗灌存在的问题 ,研制了高效节水、经济耐用、性能优良的节点式渗灌管。试验结果表明 ,此种渗灌管节水效率是普通渗灌管的一倍以上 ,生产番茄的灌溉定额为 12 2 5 5～ 12 90m3 hm- 2 ,植株间番茄果实的均匀度达到了0 .75以上 ,单位面积产量 58680～ 59910kghm- 2 ,水资源的效率为 46.44～ 47.88kgm- 3 。     

保护地土壤水分管理及其土壤退化防治技术研究进展与展望

从作物高产、优质以及节水,特别是防治土壤退化的角度,提出了水分是保护地生产中最为活跃和重要的因子,水分调控对保护地土壤退化有很多方面的影响;阐述了保护地生产中土壤水分管理的重要性;介绍了近年来保护地灌溉研究取得的一些成果;在此基础上讨论了今后保护地土壤水分管理的研究重点应包括:主要栽培作物种类及品种的需水规律、土壤盐分积累特点和水分运动规律、水肥耦合效应原理及其技术等.     

基于模糊控制的节水灌溉控制系统及其单片机实现

我国是水资源比较丰富,总量位居世界前列,但是人均占有量却远远低于世界平均水平.从某种程度来说我国水资源比较匮乏.当前,灌溉系统自动化的水平较低已经成为了我国农业水资源高效利用的绊脚石.[1]在以色列、日本、美国这些发达国家地区,自动化灌溉已经得到了普及.在传感器的帮助下,水灌溉已经由传统的充分灌溉过渡到非充分灌溉,传感器不仅可以检测土壤水含量,还可以监测土壤的墒情和农作物的生长,真正做水资源的智能化控制.要想发展农业现代化就必须提高水资源利用率,实现高效农业和精细农业.仅凭一项节水灌溉是无法实现农业现代化,还应当考虑到水资源的开发、输送、灌溉技术等,这些方面都会应当到对水资源的合理利用.     

合肥地区大棚土壤肥力特征研究

通过采集大棚土壤样品研究合肥地区大棚土壤肥力状况,结果表明,该地区大棚土壤有效磷提高较快,而有机质、有效钾含量上升较慢,土壤有酸化的趋势,0~10 cm土层硝酸盐比露地提高5.9倍,水溶性盐含量增加54.8%,硝酸盐和水溶性盐表层积累作用最大,随着大棚种植年限延长次生盐渍化程度加重。解决这一问题需要从土壤管理、施肥、灌溉、耕作、政策等多方面采取措施。     

河西灌区青贮玉米智能节水灌溉系统设计

针对河西地区青贮玉米灌溉系统依据农户经验判断灌溉时间和量,自动化程度低,导致不能精准灌溉和水资源浪费的问题。设计了一种基于作物生长模拟模型的智能节水灌溉系统,利用作物生长模拟模型可逐日动态预测土壤含水量变化对玉米产量影响的优势,嵌入式设计智能节水灌溉决策系统,实现玉米的智能化精准灌溉。该系统能对河西地区青贮玉米智能化生产的知识决策关键环节提供技术支持。     

井渠结合灌区节水灌溉的有效途径

井渠结合具有提高灌溉水资源利用率和调控地下水双重作用.探讨了对井渠结合灌区灌溉水利用系数、灌区适宜的渠井用水比例、水资源开发利用中的节水与养水、以及灌区用水管理等问题.     

基于ZigBee的分布式灌溉控制系统设计

针对我国水资源短缺和农业用水量大等问题,设计一个基于ZigBee的分布式灌溉控制系统.该系统通过在农田中部署若干田间环境信息检测终端节点,采集所需的大气温湿度、土壤温湿度等环境数据,通过无线网络传入上位机系统,并由上位机系统对农田实施远程灌溉控制,实现作物灌溉的自动化,提高水资源利用率.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。