磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂催化合成己二酸二丁酯

制备了磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂 ,应用于己二酸和正丁醇反应 ,合成了己二酸二丁酯 ,探讨了磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂对酯化反应的催化活性 ,研究了原料物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明 ,磷钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂是合成己二酸二丁酯的良好催化剂 ,在n正丁醇∶n己二酸 =4 .0∶1 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 1 .0 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 2 .0h的优化条件下 ,己二酸二丁酯的收率可达 79.7%。     

二氧化硅负载的磷钨酸催化合成马来酸二丁酯

制备二氧化硅负载的磷钨酸催化剂,催化顺酐与正丁醇合成马来酸二丁酯,考察了催化剂制备条件,及合成马来酸二丁酯的反应条件,实验表明,较佳条件为:当顺酐用量0.1 mol时,醇酐摩尔比3∶1,催化剂用量0.8 g,带水剂用量6 m L,反应时间4 h,酯化率可达96%。     

十二水合硫酸铁铵催化合成己二酸二丁酯的工艺研究

以十二水合硫酸铁铵为催化剂,己二酸与正丁醇为原料合成了己二酸二丁酯,讨论了醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂等因素对酯化率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为：以0．1mol己二酸为基准,醇酸物质的量比为5．0：1,催化剂用量为5．og,反应时间为1．0h,不用带水剂,己二酸二丁酯的酯化率为98．2％。该催化剂具有催化活性高,反应时间短,酯化率高,与目前工业中使用的硫酸相比环境污染小,对设备几乎无腐蚀等优点,且十二水合硫酸铁铵价格低廉易得,性质稳定,不溶于反应体系,是一种很有发展前景的催化剂。     

用活性炭固载酸性催化剂合成草酸二丁酯

以草酸和正丁醇为原料,采用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成草酸二丁酯.考察了影响反应的因素,实验结果表明酯化反应的最佳条件为草酸与正丁醇的摩尔比为1：4.0、催化剂用量为反应物总量的2.4%、反应时间90 min、带水剂甲苯5 mL.产率可达95.04%.     

活性炭固载酸性催化剂合成丙酸环己酯

以丙酸和环己醇为原料,采用颗粒状活性炭固载对甲苯磺酸作催化剂合成丙酸环己酯。考察影响反应的因素,实验结果表明,酯化反应的最佳条件:n(丙酸)∶n(环己醇)=1.3∶1,催化剂用量1.4 g,反应时间60 min,带水剂环己烷10 mL,酯收率可达93.58%。     

微波辐射SiO2负载磷钨酸催化合成丙酸苄酯

研究了微波辐射下,用SiO2负载磷钨酸催化剂直接催化合成丙酸苄酯的反应,考察了影响酯化收率的因素。其优化反应条件为催化剂用量0.5g(磷钨酸负载量20.2%),微波辐射功率450W、反应时间4.0min,n(丙酸)/n(苯甲醇丙酸)=1∶1,带水剂(环己烷)用量5mL,丙酸苄酯收率达83.4%。结果表明:相同条件下微波辐射-SiO2负载磷钨酸催化剂与常规加热-SiO2负载磷钨酸催化剂相比之下加快反应速度45倍,催化剂可重复使用。     

复合无机盐催化合成己二酸二丁酯

以复合无机盐Fe2(SO4)3-K2SO4为催化剂,己二酸和正丁醇为原料,合成己二酸二丁酯,通过试验考察了反应条件对酯化率的影响。结果表明:固定己二酸的用量为0.05mol,当酸醇物质的量比为1∶3.5、催化剂用量为1.25g、带水剂为10mL、反应温度为82～99℃、反应时间为1.5h时,酯化率可达94%以上。     

活性炭固载磷钨酸催化合成己酸异戊酯的研究

以活性炭为载体制备了PW12／C催化剂，研究了催化合成己酸异戊酯的最适宜反应条件。实验证明：活性炭同载磷钨酸催化剂具有良好的催化活性，以环己烷为带水剂，在醇酸物质的量比为n(异戊醇)：n(己酸)=1.3：1的条件下，催化剂用量2.5g／0.2mol己酸，反应时间120min，酯化率达到了99.1％：     

硫酸氢钠催化合成戊二酸二丁酯的研究

以戊二酸和正丁醇为原料,环己烷为带水剂,硫酸氢钠为催化剂合成戊二酸二丁酯,考察了醇酸物质的量比、反应时间、催化剂的用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件为:醇酸物质的量比3∶1,催化剂的用量0.25 g,带水剂15 mL,反应时间1.5 h,此条件下酯化率达96.6%,结果表明,硫酸氢钠是合成戊二酸二丁酯的优良催化剂。     

氨磺酸催化合成己二酸二丁酯的研究

研究了以氨磺酸为催化剂,己二酸和正丁醇为原料合成已二酸二丁酯,并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,醇酸摩尔比为3:1,催化剂用量为0.5g(己二酸为0.05mol 的情况下),带水剂甲苯为5mL,反应时间为1.5h 是最适宜的反应条件,酯化率达99.3%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。