气体绝缘开关设备中局部放电的在线监测技术

本文评述了气体绝缘开关设备（ＧＩＳ）中局部放电的各种在线监测技术的原理特点、适用范围、灵敏度及结果评价等，认为超高频法具有抗干扰能力强、能识别缺陷类型、能对局放源准确定位等优点在ＧＩＳ局部放电在线监测技术中具有很好的应用前景。     

改进型三维空间定位法在开关柜局放定位检测中的庆用

针对开关柜局放定位检测易受检测仪器本身精度及外界环境干扰问题,提出了一种改进型三维空间定位法,即通过构建局放源所在三维空间的最小二乘目标函数,采用平分面法确定局放源初值,利用智能寻优算法实现对局放缺陷位置的精确求解。确定了采用改进型三维空间定位法的开关柜局放定位检测流程,并通过对某10kV开关柜实测进行了验证。结果表明,该方法能够准确定位开关柜局放缺陷,且相较于平分面法具有检测结果的唯一性。     

基于TEV和超声波的开关柜局部放电便携式检测仪的研制

为了及时发现高压开关柜的绝缘缺陷,保障电网的安全运行,文中研制了一套开关柜局部放电便携式检测仪。该仪器采用内置式TEV传感器和超声波传感器联合检测,具有体积小、操作简单、能检测多种放电缺陷的优势。文章阐述了该仪器的总体设计结构和硬件电路实现;并在实验室搭建了仪器的性能及功能测试平台;最后,与国外某公司的产品进行了详细的对比测试和分析。结果表明,该检测仪的灵敏度与准确性较高,满足我国电力工业界对高压开关柜绝缘状态先进检测仪器的迫切需求。     

Development of an on‐line partial discharge monitoring system for gas insulated substations

This paper describes the results of tests and discussions carried out to develop a system for partial discharge monitoring in GIS. They include the propagation characteristics of partial discharge pulses in each GIS component, as well as the test results obtained using an actual 300‐kV GIS. We also report the results of verification test on the GIS partial discharge monitoring and location system developed by the authors. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(2): 40–50, 1999     

开关柜高频脉冲电流局部放电检测方法研究

开关柜内局部放电是引发开关柜绝缘故障的主要原因,局部放电检测能有效检测开关柜内局部放电缺陷,但暂态地电压法、超声波法及特高频检测方法受开关柜内本体结构及检测特征量影响,存在受干扰影响大且信号传输路径受限问题。本文研究开关柜高频脉冲电流局部放电检测方法,依据开关柜带电指示器结构设计微型高频传感器,建立开关柜不同类型局部放电检测方法对比平台,试验对比结果表明开关柜带电指示器引出线上采用高频脉冲电流法检测局部放电相对其他方法具有较高的灵敏度,开关柜高频脉冲电流法局部放电带电检测方法能够有效检测开关柜内不同类型的局部放电信号。     

Insulation properties and degradation mechanism of insulating spacers in gas insulated switchgear (GIS) for repeated/long voltage application

Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) has been increasingly being used in recent years and high reliability and rational insulation design are required. This research provided V-N characteristics (the dielectric breakdown voltage versus number of repetitions characteristics) regarding the internal insulation and creeping insulation of the epoxy spacer, which are the main insulation elements of GIS, in order to help set LIWV (lightning impulse withstand voltage) and SIWV (switching impulse withstand voltage). The insulation strength decreased the most when the lighting impulse voltage was applied to internal insulation of the spacer, however, taking the absolute values into consideration, it turned out that the impact of frequent surges is slight. In the experiment in which alternating current voltage is applied for a long period of time, it was found that there is no decline in the insulation properties even after the voltage is applied for the equivalent of 30 years when the electric field intensity is 12 kVrms/mm or less although the combination with the multiple lightning impulse application may bring about damages to the spacer insulation. The degradation mechanism caused by generation of micro-pits was also understood through simultaneous microscopic observation of the surface and of the interface between the electrode and epoxy     

Consideration of radiated electromagnetic waves from partial discharge based on half‐wave dipole antenna model

Partial discharge (PD) may take place due to residual defects like metallic particles in SF₆ gas‐insulated power apparatus such as GIS. However, the signal of PD occurring in SF₆ gas is very weak and susceptible to external noise in air. Moreover, because of the complicated mechanism of PD, the radiation property of electromagnetic waves from PD has not as yet been clarified. Therefore, it is hard to distinguish the PD signal in SF₆ gas from external noise. From the above points of view, we have been investigating the radiation mechanism of electromagnetic waves from PD. We measured the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves radiated from PD in comparison with those of half‐wave dipole antennas. The polarization characteristics of PD were explained by the theory of half‐wave dipole antenna, rather than that of an infinitesimal dipole antenna. Moreover, we compared the power spectrum for PD measured using a biconical antenna with that received from the half‐wave dipole antenna or infinitesimal dipole. It was found that the power spectrum for PD also corresponded to that for the half‐wave dipole antenna with a length of 50 cm. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(4): 40–47, 1999     

Source classification of partial discharge for gas insulated substation using waveshape pattern recognition

Frequency-domain analysis of ultra-high frequency (UHF) signals for source identification of partial discharge (PD) occurring in SF/sub 6/ inside gas-insulated substation (GIS) has been widely covered in literature. In this, Fast Fourier Transform and Discrete Wavelet Transform based techniques have been extensively applied to derive classifying features from transformed patterns. On the other hand, it appears feasible to develop a time-domain classifier, which derives features directly from the original waveshape. The time-domain classifier is conceptually simple, and requires potentially less computing resources and simpler algorithmic interface with other intelligent techniques due to elimination of frequency-domain transformation. A novel classifier to extract features directly from time-domain waveforms is proposed for classifying SF/sub 6/ PD from air corona and among the three types of SF/sub 6/ PD, regardless of changes in PD locations and measurement conditions. Three sets of classifying features are proposed. Encouraging results have been achieved with comprehensive experimental data, which verifies and proves the usefulness and feasibility of the time-domain classifier.     

A study on condition assessment method of gas‐insulated switchgear. part II. influence of moisture in the SF6, detection of a partial discharge on a spacer,repetition discharge and overheating by incomplete contact

Rationalization of the maintenance of gas‐insulated equipment under operation and lifetime extension based on the results of appropriate diagnosis are necessary to reduce the cost of gas‐insulated equipment. Therefore, condition‐based maintenance (CBM) is required and accurate methods for observing the inside of equipment are important. In this report, we describe a diagnosis method that can be used for actual gas‐insulated equipment, such as to assess the deterioration of the spacers made of epoxy resin and to detect loose connections in the central conductor. The principal results are summarized as follows: (1) The quantity of decomposition gases depends on the moisture and magnitude of the partial discharge. However, decomposition gases were detected even if SF₆ had low moisture content (less than 100 ppm) similar to that used in actual equipment. This means that our method can be applied to actual equipment. (2) It became clear that CF₄ is a typical gas generated by partial discharge on the spacer surface. Therefore, it is possible to diagnose spacer deterioration by monitoring CF₄. (3) Decomposition gases (SF₄, SO₂, SO₄, SO₂F₂) were generated by impulse breakdown, which was assumed to be due to repetition discharge caused by insulation failure and loose connections. (4) SF₆ gas was assumed to be exposed to a loose connection and was heated from room temperature to 800 °C, and the generated decomposition gases were analyzed by FTIR in real time. As a result, the decomposition gases were generated at temperatures above approximately 500 °C in a heating time of 1.5 minutes. Therefore, a loose connection can be detected by analyzing the decomposition gas. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(2): 22–30, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21108     

基于GK模糊聚类和LS-SVC的GIS局部放电类型识别

局部放电可以反映气体绝缘组合电器(Gas Insulated Switchgear,GIS)内部的绝缘缺陷,对正确识别GIS的放电类型具有重要意义。在GIS重症监护系统研究平台上人工设置4种GIS的典型缺陷。基于4种缺陷不同电压等级下的局部放电样本数据,提取局部放电灰度图像的分析特性作为识别特征量。同时考虑到现场干扰对局部放电信号的影响,利用GK模糊聚类算法对分形特征量进一步处理,以提取隔离干扰后的分析特征量。最后设计了基于LS-SVC的局部放电模式识别器。试验结果表明所提方法能有效识别GIS放电类型,比人工神经网络方法具有识别率高、稳定性好的优点。     

GIS设备中电能计量装置改造方法的探讨

针对目前GIS内装电能计量装置普遍存在准确度等级过低的问题,探讨出一套效果好、费用低廉的改造方法,该方法对非GIS电能计量装置存在的问题也同样具有改造效果。这些方法在实际使用中证明是切实可行的。     

500kV气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备盆式绝缘子放电故障原因分析

本文介绍了某±800kV换流站恢复送电过程中发生放电故障的500kV气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备盆式绝缘子现场解体情况,结合继电保护动作分析,追溯设备出厂试验结果,并对盆式绝缘子进行了电场模拟分析,最终确定了盆式绝缘子放电故障原因.     

Study on field demonstration of high‐sensitivity SF6 leakage detection method for gas insulated switchgear

SF6 gas is widely used in power equipment such as gas insulated switchgear or gas circuit breaker. However, its global warming potential is 23,500 times higher than that of CO₂. In consideration of environmental protection, detection of SF6 gas leakage with high sensitivity is necessary. The authors proposed an algorithm to accurately estimate the average gas temperature from the tank surface temperature for establishing a high‐sensitive SF6 slow leak detection technology. Since the gas temperature depends on the temperature of the conductor, the algorithm was characterized by estimating the gas temperature from the tank surface temperature and the load current. The relationship among the tank surface temperature, the gas temperature, and the current was preliminarily investigated by the use of the thermal fluid analysis and stored in the database. By use of this method, the fluctuation of the converted pressure in the basic examination test was suppressed to 20% as compared with that without considering the current. In addition, database was also created from the machine learning of field test result in substitution. In the field test, it was confirmed that the detection time of 0.5%/year slow leak could be detected in about 8 months by considering the load current.     

Development of a method of partial discharge detection inextra-high voltage cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable lines

Deterioration in the insulation performance of extra-high voltage XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) cables is believed to be attributable to the deterioration caused by partial discharges. After using an XLPE cable to investigate the behavior of partial discharges under various adverse conditions, the authors succeeded in developing a highly sensitive novel method of measuring partial discharge in XLPE cable lines. Partial discharges in a 275 kV XLPE cable live line have been measured using this method. As a result, a detection sensitivity of 1 pC has been achieved     

高压开关柜局部放电TEV信号传播衰减特性

高灵敏度状态感知是实现设备数字化运维的关键环节,也是实现设备状态分析与全生命周期管理的重要前提。局部放电暂态地电压(transient earth voltage,TEV)检测是实现开关柜绝缘状态感知的主要手段,其检测灵敏度受到放电类型与部位、检测位置的影响,目前缺乏系统研究。文中建立基于实测脉冲电流波形的时域有限差分法的电磁波仿真模型;分析局部放电脉冲电流波形上升沿时间、放电源位置及脉冲电流方向等因素对TEV幅值与衰减程度的影响;在实验室开展开关柜局部放电试验与TEV测量,得到影响TEV检测灵敏度的主要因素。结果表明,脉冲电流上升沿时间与放电源位置是影响开关柜局部放电信号幅值的主要因素。脉冲电流上升沿时间越长,TEV信号幅值越小,当2种脉冲电流波形上升沿时间相差10倍时,TEV幅值相差3.17~3.37倍;母排室局部放电的TEV衰减程度明显大于电缆室,前者衰减程度约为后者的9.5~10.0倍。该结论对检验TEV检测灵敏度具有参考价值。     

Optimization of a post-type spacer in a gas insulated system under three-dimensional conditions

This paper describes the optimization of a post-type spacer in a gas insulated system. The electric field calculation and the optimization have been performed in three-dimensional conditions. We have utilized the boundary element method to calculate the electric field distributions and the Marquardt method to improve the profile of the spacer so as to minimize the maximal electric field on the spacer surface. The optimization has been performed for spacers with cylindrical column, circular, and elliptical cross-sections, respectively. We have varied additional parameters, such as the permittivity of a spacer and the radius ratio of an inner conductor and a sheath. For elliptical cross-section spacers, the optimization has reduced the maximal value of the total field strength up to 35%, and the maximal value of the tangential field strength up to 56% compared with the respective maximal field without a spacer.     

On-line partial discharge detection in cables

This paper describes an on-line PD (partial discharge) detection technique applicable to power cables. The method can be applied to both wire screen and solid shielded cables. In wire screen shielded cables, PD components with frequencies <100 MHz can be detected at distances over 150 m from the source, PD activity with levels as low as 20 pC can be detected within 100 m. However, in the case of solid shielded cables, PD levels of ⩾50 pC can be measured within 60 m in the frequency range <50 MHz. This method also can be utilized to check cable accessories such as splices and terminations. PD pulses with frequencies to ~300 MHz can be measured near the joints and terminations. The suitability and the sensitivity of the VHF technique were checked against two other alternative PD detecting techniques (pulse phase analyzer and high speed digital oscilloscope) by performing PD measurements in standard air gap and defects induced in EPR-insulated cable under laboratory-controlled conditions. The suitability and sensitivity of the VHF method were as good as the two alternative PD detection techniques     

基于TEV和AE的开关柜局部放电综合分析系统

在分析局部放电检测原理、方法和装置的基础上,采用暂态地电压和超声波联合检测的方法搭建了开关柜局部放电在线监测装置,开发了具备快速巡检和重症监护功能的综合分析软件,并在实际案例中进行了测试,验证了基于暂态地电压和超声波的开关柜局部放电综合分析系统的高准确性、高灵敏度和高抗干扰性.系统具有良好的便携性和灵活性,且具有开关柜...     

基于四通道TEV传感器的开关柜局部放电定位方法的研究

高压开关柜局部放电的准确、快速定位对于及时排除设备故障隐患,保障电力系统的安全稳定运行具有重要的作用.利用四通道暂态对地电压(transient earth voltage,TEV)传感器的多种布置方式,首先将局部放电确定在开关柜某一柜面的某一隔室;基于某一隔室的XFDTD简化模型仿真结果,利用双曲面定位法和空间网格搜索法自行编制程序确定了某一隔室内放电源的具体位置;通过在实验室搭建了高压开关柜局部放电定位试验平台,验证定位方法的有效性.