沉沙池水流流场分布均匀化改进研究

为了使沉沙池水流流场分布更加均匀,可在沉沙池的首端位置加设调流板。分析了调流板调节水流的机理,并通过模型试验进行了验证,结果表明,加设调流板是使沉沙池流场分布均匀化的一种既简单又有效的工程措施。提出了调流板孔洞的布置原则:沿垂向底部孔径应该大一些,表面孔径应该小一些;沿横向中间孔径应该小一些,两侧孔径应该大一些。     

水电站沉沙池水沙运动规律模拟

采用Fluent数值计算模拟沉沙池的水流泥沙运动规律,并通过物理模型试验论证Fluent数值计算模拟水沙运动规律可行性,结果表明:纵向平均流速沿程呈现脉动较大衰减,前面流速波动较大,后面流速波动较小,纵向平均流速沿纵向分布越均匀,流场分布也越均匀,有利于泥沙在沉沙池内的沉降,沉沙池的沉降效果较好.受沉沙池边壁影响,水流...     

沉沙池流场特性及泥沙运动数值模拟

沉沙池在水利水电工程中是一种十分必要的水工建筑物,在处理泥沙中发挥了重要的作用,为后续下级设备正常运行提供了可靠保障。采用标准k-ε模型,建立石门坎水电站现状、优化后的沉沙池模型,模拟了沉沙池内的三维流场,并运用离散相DPM模型模拟了泥沙运动,得到了更加精细的沉沙池内水流形态、流速场分布及池内泥沙运动轨迹和沉降效果。     

沉沙池调流板水头损失研究

可通过在沉沙池首部增设调流板,调整沉沙池内的水流结构,提高沉沙池的沉沙效率.在对调流板的过流面积和水头损失进行分析的基础上,给出了调流板水头损失的定量计算公式,并给出了调流板孔洞面积与调流板面积的适宜比,指出:调流板孔洞布置时,应底孔大、表孔小、中孔小、边孔大,且宜对称布置.     

一种新型冲洗式沉沙池的设计探讨

对各种类型沉沙池及适用条件进行分析的基础上,通过在沉沙池的首部加调流板、在溢流堰上沿水流方向设溢流槽、对冲沙廊道进行改进并设置辅助冲沙设施这3个方面对传统沉沙池进行了改进。提出了一种新型冲洗式沉沙池,并进行了模型试验。试验结果证明,这种新型冲洗式沉沙池可以大大提高沉沙池对悬移质泥沙 的沉淀效率,并有利于泥沙的排除。     

新型微灌沉沙池沉沙效率试验研究

沉沙池是一种重要的泥沙处理工程措施,其作用是沉降含沙水流中有害粒径的泥沙.对沉沙池,评价其运行效果好坏的关键因素是沉降效率.新型微灌沉沙池属直线型非冲洗式沉沙池,专门用于微灌系统,主要对悬移质泥沙进行处理.以物理模型试验资料为依据,探讨了微灌用新型沉沙池内悬移质含沙量及淤积物粒配的沿程变化规律,试验表明,该新型沉沙池的沉沙效率较高,可以作为处理微灌用水源使用.     

滇中引水水源工程沉沙池设计研究

滇中引水水源工程提水泵站具有引水流量大、提水扬程高、装机规模大等特点,水流中悬移质泥沙对泵站机组的长期磨损问题突出。为此,从沉沙效果方面,对沉沙池建筑物型式及体型设计进行了深入研究。水源工程进水口处设置条渠式沉沙池以沉淀水流中的泥沙,减小对泵站机组的磨损;沉沙池进口设置5条导流墙,改善进水口流态,提高泥沙沉降效率。经河工模型试验验证,出池内满足规范要求;沉沙池清淤采用射吸式挖泥船抽吸沉沙池内淤积泥沙,并返还至金沙江。     

浅析水利水电工程沉沙池泥沙沉降计算方法

本文对沙早水电工程沉沙池设计中最常用的泥沙沉降计算方法，准静水沉降法和一度流超饱和输沙法，从公式结构上进行了一定的分析研究，结果表明，在一定条件下，准静水沉降法之计算公式是一度流超饱和输沙法（不考虑水流挟沙能力）的一种近似表达式，可用来估算沉沙池内含沙量变化。     

浑水水力分离装置中水沙两相湍流的数值模拟

文章采用RNG(重整化群)k-ε双方程紊流模型和简化的多相流Mixture(混合)模型,对浑水水力分离装置内水沙两相湍流场进行了数值模拟,得到浑水水力分离装置的柱体区、悬板区以及锥体区内含沙水流的平面速度矢量分布、含沙水流的紊动强度分布以及泥沙体积浓度分布。通过装置内清、浑水流场的计算结果,分析了泥沙的存在对装置内水流平均流速和紊动强度的影响,以及不同区域内影响水沙分离的主要作用力。研究结果表明泥沙的存在不会削弱水流的平均运动,但泥沙可有效地抑制水流的紊动扩散作用,有利于悬浮泥沙的沉降,装置内不同部位影响水沙分离的主要作用力不同,在锥体区和悬板区水沙分离主要依靠离心力,而在柱体主要依靠重力沉降。     

新型矩形沉沙池在节水灌溉中的应用研究

一种新型矩形沉沙池已在新疆建设兵团大面积推广使用，这种沉沙池在进口增设了调流墙，在溢流堰上沿设置了溢流槽。从泥沙沉淀特性和经济性能两个方面对新型矩形沉沙池与传统沉沙池进行了比较。结果表明，新型矩形沉沙池的泥沙沉淀率比传统沉沙池提高了6%，出池含沙量由1.63 g/L降到了0.86 g/L，工程造价降低了20%左右，其泥沙处理效果和经济性更优，适宜在新疆地区农业节水灌溉中推广应用。     

Hydrologically Based Environmental Flow Methods Applied to Rivers in the Maritime Provinces (Canada)

The demand for water withdrawal continues to increase worldwide. These water withdrawals from rivers can affect fish habitat and aquatic life. As such, environmental flow assessment methods are used in order to protect rivers against excessive water withdrawals. The concept of environmental flow relates to the quantity of water required in rivers to sustain an acceptable level of living conditions for aquatic biota at various phases of their development. For many agencies, environmental flow methods are essential in environmental impact assessments and in the protection of important fisheries resources. The present study deals with the evaluation of hydrologically based environmental flow methods within the Maritime Province of Canada. In total, six hydrologically based environmental flow methods were compared using data from 52 hydrometric stations across the region. Some methods provided adequate environmental flow protection (e.g. 25% mean annual flow and Q₅₀ flow duration method); however, other methods did not provide adequate flow protection (e.g. Q₉₀ flow duration method and 7Q10 and 7Q2 low‐flow frequency). The 70% Q₅₀ method provided adequate flow protection only under good baseflow conditions and should be applied with extreme caution. The present study shows the importance of the hydrologic flow regime, particularly as it pertains to the baseflow component, as a significant determinant in the level of instream flow protection. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN APPROACH IN MODELING TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTIALLY CAVITATING FLOW

1. INTRODUCTIONCavitation is a phenomenon that widely occurs in liquids. When the flow leads to the local pressure below the saturation vapor pressure of water (the fluid medium, in our research), usually incipient cavitation firstly occurs on the solid b…     

Application of the ‘natural flow paradigm’ in a New Zealand context

The natural flow paradigm (NFP) emphasizes the need to partially or fully maintain or restore the range of natural intra‐ and interannual variation of hydrologic regimes to protect native biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of aquatic, riparian and wetland ecosystems. Based on our studies of natural and managed flow regimes in New Zealand, we do not believe that all components of the natural flow regime are necessary to achieve the objectives of the NFP, either partially or fully, because many aquatic species have very flexible niches and life‐history requirements (i.e. there is ‘ecological redundancy’). Obviously, maintaining the natural flow regime will maintain the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions necessary for sustaining natural ecosystems. However, if there is adequate knowledge of what ‘values’ need to be maintained in a waterway, and the aspects of the flow regime that are required to maintain those values are also known, then regimes can be designed that target these requirements and thus optimize conditions for the ‘values’. We believe that an assessment of ecosystem requirements using information on river processes together with habitat requirements and life‐history strategies of biota can achieve the best balance between resource use and sustaining ecosystem function and value, and show examples where changes to natural flow regimes have maintained, or even improved, instream values in some New Zealand rivers. We caution that simple flow‐based rules, such as those that might be developed under the NFP, could be unnecessarily restrictive on multiple use of water in New Zealand while, at the same time, preclude the opportunity for enhancement of key ecosystem values in many waterways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

台阶式溢流坝中小流量流态改善方式研究

台阶式溢流坝有显著的掺气效果和消能效果,目前在中小型工程中广泛应用。但是台阶式溢流坝在小流量浅水深的工况下,坝面上流态较差,呈现跌流或者过渡流态,容易形成水翅和水流跃离现象。为了解决上述问题,本文结合某工程通过水工模型试验研究对台阶起始端的体型进行优化,结果表明优化方案能够很好地改善较小流量时的过渡流态。     

中小型泄水工程利用附着混合流消能问题的探讨

本文介绍了混合流的概念，结合某一中型水库的试验，观测了混合流在抬高尾水时的下游流态。流速分布的变化规律以及对消能效果的影响。从而说明了低水头泄洪建筑物利用挑流消能有更多的可能性。     

无旋流研究

本文将变分法和流网相结合,从理论上证明了无旋流条件下流量达到极大值,并总结出流量达到极大值时,下游流动的两种表现形式:临界流和均速流。文中给出了下游流动分别为临界流和均速流两种情况下的7个实例。在无旋流条件下,应用本文的结果可以进行如下两种情况的计算:(1)利用求极大值来求流量;(2)当流量已知时,如果下游流动为临界流,则可求水深及流速;如下游流动为均速流,则可求流速等。     

均匀来流中振动圆柱尾迹涡结构的数值研究

本文从涡量流函数形式的N-S方程出发,对于不同的振动频率、振幅,首次数值研究了均匀来流中沿任意方向(参见图1,0°相似文献   

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

直槽流动失稳过程数值模拟的可视化

本文利用计算机可视化的方法对直槽流动的数值模拟结果进行了处理，得到了若干组显示涡量场和涡管运动变化的计算机动画，通过对这些直观的动画进行分析，发现了直槽流动失稳的一些现象，对于流动稳定性的研究具有一定的参考价值。