Factors Affecting Fat, Cholesterol, and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Maine Sardines

Maine sardines harvested June, July, October, and November were analyzed for moisture, ash, fat, cholesterol, and fatty acids either as whole fish, raw dressed, steam precooked, and after canning in soy oil, menhaden oil, or in the liquid exuded after steam precooking (cookout liquid). Fat content ranged from 5% for juvenile herring sampled June and October to 11% in maturing herring harvested prior to the spawning season in July. All canning liquids contributed to elevated fat content in the finished product. Herring packed in soy oil or cookout liquid had about 90 mg cholesterol/lOOg samples. Herring packed in menhaden oil had 100–115 mg cholesterol/100g. Herring packed in either of the two fish oil solutions contained significantly more ω3 fatty acids and had a greater ratio of ω3:ω6 than those packed in soy oil.     

六种禽蛋中脂肪酸、氨基酸及胆固醇的营养成分分析

对六种禽蛋营养成分进行分析,以期为禽蛋开发利用提供技术基础.本文对六种禽蛋(白羽鸡、金定鸭、贵妃鸡、珍珠鸡、中国环颈雉、鹌鹑)物理指标及冻干禽蛋蛋黄脂肪酸、蛋白氨基酸和胆固醇等成分进行研究.结果表明,六种禽蛋蛋黄中共鉴定出24种脂肪酸,金定鸭蛋黄中总脂肪酸含量最高(20.67 g/100 g),饱和脂肪酸(22.49％...     

近红外光谱法快速检测婴儿配方奶粉中的脂肪酸含量

采用傅里叶近红外光谱结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)法建立了测定婴儿配方奶粉中的总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量的近红外数学模型,并通过交互验证和外部检验两种方式考察了近红外数学模型的可靠性。通过选择不同的波长范围,采用平滑、矢量归一化、一阶求导、二阶求导和散射校正对近红外光谱进行处理,总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的校正模型相关系数(R2)分别为0.9337、0.9374、0.9020,RPD分别为3.63、3.65、2.90。结果表明近红外数学模型具有良好的预测性能。采用建立的模型对验证集中的20个婴儿配方奶粉样品进行预测,总脂肪酸含量、饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的预测值与化学测定值之间经配对t检验分析,与常规化学方法得到的检验结果无显著差异。     

驴肉脂肪和脂肪酸组成的分析与评价

本文分析驴肉的脂肪含量,并采用气相色谱法对驴肉的脂肪酸成分及含量进行测定.结果表明,驴肉中粗脂肪含量为5.02%,不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸含量的,55.8%,饱和脂肪酸占44.2%.脂肪酸中棕榈酸C16:0(55.2%)含量最高,其它由高到低依次为油酸(33.0%)、亚油酸(10.1%),棕榈油酸(8.1%)、硬脂酸(6.7%)、肉豆蔻酸(4.1%)、花生四烯酸(2.0%).驴肉中的脂肪酸能较好地满足人体的营养需求.     

Cholesterol and Fatty Acids in Several Species of Shrimp

The cholesterol value for several species of shrimp from several different geographical locations was determined. The overall average for all the samples was 152 ± 15 mg/100g of edible portion of shrimp. Two samples of Pandalus borealis, Gloucester prawns and Canadian prawns, accounted for the low (136 mg/100g) and the high (186 mg/ 100g) limits, respectively, of the range of cholesterol. All shrimp were low in fat at about 1%. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were present at about 30% of the total fatty acids, providing about 0.20g/100g in the edible portion.     

山楂果中多元酸和高级脂肪酸的分析研究

采用硫酸甲酯化处理山楂果样品,二氯甲烷作萃取剂,用气相色谱-质谱联用法对山楂果中的多元酸和高级脂肪酸进行了全面分析。共分离、鉴定出25种酸性成分,其中多元酸4种,主要是柠檬酸、苹果酸和丁烯二酸;高级脂肪酸21种,主要是棕榈酸(C16:0)、亚油酸(C18:2)、油酸(C18:1)、和亚麻酸(C18:3)、硬脂酸(C18:0)等。     

Moisture, Total Fat and Cholesterol in Goat Organ and Muscle Meat

Moisture, total fat and cholesterol of goat liver, kidney, heart, Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles were determined. Samples were taken from 10 Alpine and 10 Nubian post-weaned goat kids that were fed a complete diet treated with 4 levels of Ca for 12 wk before slaughter. Mean moisture (%), total fat (%) and cholesterol (mg/100g wet tissue) for the respective tissues were: 75.9, 3.26, 214.2; 82.0, 3.14, 276.7; 79.2, 4.32,167.5; 79.2, 2.27, 57.8; 80.4, 2.03, 69.5. These goats contained less cholesterol in liver and more cholesterol in kidney and heart than the same organs in mutton samples reported previously. Fat and cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by dietary Ca, breed and tissue, while moisture was affected only by tissue.     

金华火腿中肌间脂肪和皮下脂肪的脂肪酸分析

提取成熟金华火腿中的肌间脂肪和皮下脂肪 ,分离并测定了其中甘油酯、磷脂和游离脂肪酸的含量 ,并对其脂肪酸组成进行了分析 ,结果表明 :肌间脂肪含量为 12. 4 % ,甘油酯、磷脂和游离脂肪酸分别占 77. 3%、11 .2 %和 10 . 9% ;皮下脂肪含量为 90 .7% ,相应的 3部分分别占 88.7%、0 . 2 %和 10 .4 %。肌间脂肪和皮下脂肪的脂肪酸都以C16:0 、C18:1、C18:2 为主要成分。甘油酯里单不饱和脂肪酸的含量都远远高于其在磷脂和游离脂肪酸中的含量 ,而磷脂里多不饱和脂肪酸的含量明显高于其在甘油酯和游离脂肪酸中的含量。     

Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances in Chicken Fat and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

When autoxidized chicken fat and unsaturated fatty acids were subjected to thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test in trichloracetic acid, all samples revealed two absorption maxima at 532 and 455 nm. Rate of increase in the TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) at 532 nm was different from that in the TBARS at 455 nm. It was suggested that there were several kinds of TBARS in the autoxidized samples: the TBARS at 532 mn which were unstable in the autoxidation process and slowly liberated malonaldehyde; the TBARS at 532 nm which liberated malonaldehyde rapidly; and the TBARS at 455 nm which liberated other aldehydes unstable after reaction with TBA.     

Cholesterol Content and Fatty Acids Composition of Mangalitsa Pork Meat

The aim of this study was to examine variability in cholesterol content and fatty acid composition in musculuslongissimus (MLLT) of various genotypes of pigs. Out of 30 male castrated animals used in the trial, 20 were Mangalitsa pigs (Swallow Belly - SBM and White - WM) while 10 were of the Swedish Landrace breed – SL. The representative of pig meat breeds, SL had significantly less cholesterol in MLLT compared to SBM and WM pigs. The total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) content was higher in SBM and WM than in SL pigs (p< 0.001).     

鹅肥肝中脂肪酸沉积规律研究

以朗德鹅肥肝在填饲过程中脂肪酸沉积规律为对象,研究不同填饲周期饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸沉积的规律性。结果表明：鹅肥肝在填饲前、填饲1 周、填饲2 周、填饲3 周、填饲4 周的总脂肪含量分别为4.70%、15.42%、24.19%、50.35%、81.40%,除填饲1、2 两周之间差异不显著外其他组间差异显著(P ＜ 0.05);饱和脂肪酸占总脂的比例分别为1.96%、2.08%、3.82%、8.20%、14.78%,饲喂1～4 周间差异显著(P ＜ 0.05);不饱和脂肪酸占总脂的比例分别为20.17%、33.47%、34.29%、45.33%、75.63%,除第1周与第2 周间无显著性差异外,其他组间差异显著(P ＜ 0.05),说明填饲后期不饱和脂肪酸水平显著增加。     

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fat in Fish Flesh for Selecting Species for Health Benefits

An awareness of the protective roll of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against development of cardiovascular disease has prompted the promotion of fish consumption. It is assumed that those fish rich in polyunsaturated fat and particularly those having high ratios of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids would confer the most benefit. The total fat and fatty acid compositional data are reported herein for 41 different species of fish that are mostly found in the coastal waters of the Eastern United States.     

Simplified Extraction Procedure and HPLC Determination for Total Vitamin E and β-Carotene of Reduced-Fat Mayonnaise

ABSTRACT: A simple, rapid procedure using direct solvent extraction and liquid chromatography was developed for the simultaneous determination and identification of α -tocopheryl acetate, β -carotene and tocopherols in reduced-fat mayonnaise. The method used a zero-control reference material (ZRM) (made in-house from olive oil and eggs) for accuracy determination. The vitamins and β -carotene were quantified by fluorescence and photodiode array detectors, respectively. The overall % recoveries (mean±S.D.)(n=5) for β -carotene, α -tocopheryl acetate, α -tocopherol, γ -tocopherol and δ -tocopherol were 101.4±1.4, 99.0±4.2, 102.0±3.6, 101.3±4.4 and 101.9±6.2, respectively. The method differentiates between natural and synthetic forms of vitamin E for accurate assessment of vitamin E biological activity. Comparative assays were performed using both direct solvent extraction and saponification.     

Effect of Trans Fatty Acids on Protein Utilization and Serum Cholesterol

Rats were fed PER diets containing various proportions of cis and trans fatty acids as triolein, trielaidin, soybean oil (SO) or hydrogenated SO at 7.8% by weight of the diet. Additional rats were fed SO or hydrogenated SO at 20.1% of the diet. The PER, although in the normal range for casein, was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in rats fed trielaidin. Food consumption and weight gains were slightly greater in trans-fed than cis-fed rats. The former had greater fecal fat excretion than the latter; serum cholesterol levels of the former were lower with the 7.8% but not the 20.1% fat diet.     

我国地方猪种肌内脂肪和脂肪酸的研究

综述了我国地方猪种肌肉中脂肪和脂肪酸的研究进展,以期为我国地方猪种开发利用及科研提供一定的经验。     

Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Changes in Pork Longissimus Muscle and Fat due to Ractopamine

Fatty acid (FA) composition and cholesterol (CHL) content from control and Ractopamine (Rac) treated pigs were evaluated. Lipids were extracted from the longissimus (LD) and subcutaneous fat (SC) and methyl esters of the FA were formed for gas chromatography. CHL content of the LD was determined using direct saponification. Pigs were fed 0, 5, 10 or 20 ppm Rac for about 40 kg of grain prior to slaughter. Rac had no consistent effect on the FA composition of SC or muscle (neutral or polar) lipids. CHL content in the LD of treated animals was about 9% lower (P < 0.01) than controls. Rac reduced the CHL content of the LD and had limited effect on the FA profile of muscle or SC fat.     

Dietary Fat Reduces Odd-Numbered and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Depot Lipids of Rabbits

Forty eight Californian×New Zealand White rabbits were randomly distributed in three groups of 16 animals each. A control (with no added fat) and two diets enriched at a rate of 30 g fat kg^-1 were used. Olive oil and sunflower oil were used as sources of fat for the fat-supplemented diets. Branched chain (BCFA) and n-odd-numbered carbon fatty acids (ONFA) in the perirenal fat depots of control animals were respectively 5 and 22 mg g^-1 of total fatty acids, while in fat-enriched diets they were around 3 and 16 mg g^-1, respectively. The ratio of unsaturated: saturated fatty acid in perirenal fat was 1·25:1 when the control diet was administered and around 1·80–1·95:1 in fat-enriched diet groups, which represents approximately a 50% increase (P<0·01). However the melting points of the fats showed little difference (NS) between the control group and the group with olive oil addition whilst the sunflower oil-supplemented group showed only a 5·7% lower value (P<0·01). In a second experiment in which diets with equal digestible energy and protein were used, reductions in total amounts of ONFA (P<0·01) and BCFA (P<0·05) were observed in the perirenal fat of animals receiving the fat-enriched diets. The addition of fat depressed the concentrations of ONFA and BCFA, which may act to maintain the consistency of fat in a narrow range, avoiding to some extent the production of undesirable soft and floppy carcasses. © 1997 SCI.