影响面粉色泽的几个因素

影响面粉色泽的因素有下列几个: 一、麦粒的色泽 小麦籽粒的色泽直接影响面粉的色泽.白麦皮薄色浅,麦皮混入面粉内不明显,因此加工白麦粉色好且出粉率高.红麦由于种皮呈棕红色,麦皮混入粉内时,明显影响粉色,出粉率低.因而在实际生产中,为保证粉色的稳定性,将白麦和红麦按比例搭配后加工是很有必要的.     

影响面粉产量和出粉率的因素

<正>1原粮及入磨水分原粮的品质是保证高出粉率的首要条件。硬麦皮薄,易剥刮,出粉率高,软麦皮厚,不易分离,出粉率低;甚至同一等级的小麦,表皮颜色的差异也使其出粉率不同,白麦就比红麦出粉率要高,因为白麦皮薄,胚乳占比大,而红麦皮厚,胚乳占比小。国内原粮复杂,麦间工艺应确保能有效去除原粮中的杂质,通常要求尘芥杂质≤0.3%,砂石≤0.015%,粮谷杂质≤0.5%,基本不含磁性金属物,入磨小麦水分硬     

小麦品种对偏高温大曲质量的影响

选取白麦和花麦两个小麦品种为原料，分别以100％白麦和100％花麦制作偏高温大曲．以100分进行综合评分法评价两个小麦品种对成品大曲质量的影响。结果表明，两个小麦品种对成品曲的感官指标、理化指标和微生物指标均有不同程度的影响，其中花麦曲为一等曲，白麦曲为二等曲。在本实验条件下，花麦比白麦更适宜于制作偏高温大曲。     

麦胚米粉的配方研究

以麦胚、大米和黑芝麻等为原料制作麦胚米粉,利用正交试验对产品进行研究和分析。结果表明,当麦胚粉∶米粉∶白砂糖粉∶黑芝麻粉以5∶5∶2∶1的比例搭配制得的产品品质最佳。     

优质弱筋小麦专用粉品质指标要求

<正>弱筋小麦,在国外实际上被称为软质小麦,是指籽粒呈软粉质,蛋白质含量低,面筋强度弱。当前国外具有代表性的软质弱筋小麦以美国软红冬麦、美国软白麦和澳大利亚软麦为主,这些小麦适合于磨制制作各式蛋糕、饼干、糕点和中国南方广式馒头等优质高档产品的专用面粉。鉴于当前和未来国内对优质软麦食品需求的增加,为了尽快满足国内对优质弱筋小麦专用粉的需要,我们通过搜集大量有关弱筋小麦、软麦专用粉的     

藜麦饼干生产工艺的研究

以藜麦粉、低筋小麦粉为主要原料,添加油脂、绵白糖、小苏打、食盐、单甘酯、鸡蛋等辅料,生产藜麦饼干。以低筋小麦粉的添加量为基准,食盐、鸡蛋、单甘酯的添加量分别占低筋小麦粉添加质量的1%、5%、0.5%。采用单因素试验及正交试验方法对产品配方进行筛选。试验结果表明:当藜麦添加量为20%、油脂添加量为35%、绵白糖添加量为40%、小苏打添加量为0.4%时,藜麦饼干感官评分最高。在此工艺条件下生产的藜麦饼干呈浅黄色,组织细腻,口感香酥,有较高的营养价值。     

法国小麦品质及其与中国小麦搭配制粉研究

研究了法国小麦(FW-P11)及4种中国小麦品种的理化品质;并在此基础上,设计法麦与以上中国小麦的搭配比例,研究其混合粉的品质及食品加工性能,进行了馒头、面条、面包制作试验。结果表明:法麦(FW-P11)灰分含量低、出粉率高、蛋白质损失率低、面筋含量低但面筋指数高,是一种优质的低筋小麦;与中国小麦搭配后,混合粉的湿面筋含量有所提高;法麦(FW-P11)与江苏低筋红麦按1∶1搭配时,表现出良好的蒸煮特性,可以制作出优质的馒头;法麦(FW-P11)与江苏中筋红麦按1∶1搭配时,表现出良好的面条加工性能;法麦(FW-P11)与河南豫麦34按1∶1搭配时,表现出良好的烘焙特性,能制作出品质优良的面包。研究显示,法国小麦与中国主要小麦品种合理搭配使用,可以优势互补,达到生产不同专用粉的目的。     

藜麦固体饮料喷雾干燥工艺条件优化

藜麦是一种营养丰富的假谷物,具有多种保健作用,被誉为"超级谷物"。近年以藜麦为主的产品,在市场受到热捧。以藜麦为原料,麦芽糊精为辅料,经预煮、酶解、破壁及喷雾干燥等工艺,研制藜麦固体饮料产品。通过单因素试验和正交试验,以集粉率为响应值,以期优化藜麦固体饮料喷雾干燥的最佳工艺条件。试验表明,在干燥温度200℃、蠕动率20%、麦芽糊精添加量30%条件下进行喷雾干燥过程,所得藜麦固体饮料产品集粉率最高为75.11%。品质分析表明,藜麦固体饮料产品色泽正常、营养品质良好。     

中澳小麦配麦对小麦粉和面条品质的影响

正将三种澳洲小麦按不同比例分别与两种中国小麦配麦制粉,研究配麦对小麦粉和面条品质的影响。结果表明:在相同灰分含量的条件下,澳麦的实验制粉出粉率高于参试中国小麦,配麦可以改变小麦粉面筋强弱、面团流变学等品质特性;澳麦A1(优质白麦)对两种中国小麦面条品质的改良效果均达到显著水     

国内小麦价格仍有上升空间

目前国内小麦主产区部分市场 ,新麦收购价格经过高开高走价格提升后 ,现在新麦价格已处较高水平。一般在 0 96～ 1 0 6元 /kg ,但国内小麦市场价格仍有继续上升空间。其主要原因如下 :虽然主产区小麦价格已升至较高价位 ,如 :河南郑州地区普通白麦收购价格已升至 1 0 5～ 1 0 6元 /kg ,许昌、新乡地区普通白麦收购价格0 96～ 0 98元 /kg ;河北省石家庄地区普通白麦收购价格在 1 0 0～ 1 0 2元 /kg ;山东荷泽地区普通白麦收购价格在 0 98～ 1 0 0元 /kg ;陕西省普通花麦收购价格在 1 0 4～ 1 0 6元 /kg ;安徽东部粮食企业小麦收购价格已…     

微波膨化番木瓜混合脆片工艺研究

以番木瓜为主要原料，马铃薯淀粉、糯米淀粉和玉米淀粉为配料，对番木瓜混合脆片的加工工艺进行研究。结果表明，添加15％马铃薯淀粉和15％糯米淀粉，预干后水份含量在10％，采用微波功率为800W，微波膨化时间为25s，膨化后脆片的感官品质最佳。     

彩色小麦的理化特性及麸皮粉的品质评价

目的研究彩色小麦和普通小麦的理化特性、营养组成及小麦皮层和胚乳中淀粉粒的结构形态和类型,为进一步了解彩色小麦的特性提供理论依据,为彩色小麦的营养加工奠定良好的基础。方法采用国标方法,对彩色小麦的理化指标和营养组成进行综合分析;采用扫描电子显微镜方法观察分析彩色小麦的皮层和胚乳中淀粉粒的结构形态和类型。结果彩色小麦在千粒重、容重等物理特性方面低于普通小麦,且彩色小麦籽粒的长宽比大,没有普通小麦籽粒饱满。在营养组分方面,绿麦3104、紫麦3202、黑麦3201的蛋白质含量分别比普麦烟农19高29.5%、24.4%、21.3%;湿面筋含量分别比普麦烟农19高29.6%、19.0%、17.0%;粗脂肪含量分别比普麦烟农19高31%、10.4%、22.2%。通过扫描电镜对小麦皮层结构分析发现彩色小麦糊粉层中含有大量的糊粉颗粒,集中了小麦籽粒大部分的营养物质。干法制备的麸皮粉,随着碾磨道数的增加,其灰分含量呈升高趋势,出粉率和白度呈降低趋势。结论彩色小麦在营养组成方面与普通小麦相比有很大优势,麸皮粉的品质特性与普通小麦相似,但彩色小麦的胚乳淀粉粒的形态和类型与普通小麦存在很大差异。     

Untargeted Detection of Illegal Adulterations in Chinese Glutinous Rice Flour (GRF) by NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: Specificity of Detection Improved by Reducing Unnecessary Variations

This paper aimed at developing a nondestructive and rapid method to detect adulterations in Chinese glutinous rice flour (GRF) using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics. Because various known and unknown ingredients can be potentially used for food adulteration, the commonly used targeted analytical methods focused on detecting one or more known/suspected adulterants usually cannot catch up with the constant “updating” of new adulterants. Therefore, this paper attempted to achieve untargeted detection by modeling the NIR spectra of pure GRF and analyzing those of test samples. Soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and a recently suggested one-class partial least squares (OCPLS) was used to develop class models of pure GRF. To highlight the slight variations in NIR spectra caused by low-level doping and enhance the specificity for detecting extraneous adulterants, unwanted variations in pure GRF spectra should be removed. Smoothing, taking second-order derivative (D2), standard normal variate (SNV), and D2-SNV were performed to improve the raw spectra. One hundred thirty pure GRF samples from six main producing areas were prepared and used for training class models. To validate the specificity of class models, 215 adulterated GRF samples were prepared by blending the pure objects with different levels (1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 % (w/w)) of wheat flour, non-GRF, and an illegal food additive, talcum powder, which have been frequently used for GRF adulteration. The best OCPLS model was obtained with D2 spectra with prediction sensitivity of 1.000 and specificity of 0.916; SIMCA with D2-SNV obtained prediction sensitivity of 1.000 and specificity of 0.902. It was demonstrated that adulterations of GRF with 2 % or higher levels of wheat flour, non-GRF, and talcum powder can be safely detected with D2, SNV, or D2-SNV spectra. The analysis results indicate the specificity of untargeted detection of the three adulterants in GRF can be improved by removing the unwanted within-class variations.     

不同出粉率小麦粉的品质特性及营养组分研究

小麦制粉过程不同出粉率的小麦粉粉质特性、营养组分含量都有明显差异。根据在线生产的各系统粉管的出粉率和流量比,按流量比例取不同粉管的小麦粉配成出粉率分别为35%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%、97%的小麦粉。对不同出粉率的小麦粉进行粉质特性和营养组分测定,研究出粉率对小麦粉品质和营养组分含量的影响,以期为生产中生产出加工品质、食用品质、营养品质均佳的小麦粉提出理论上的参考。试验结果表明微量营养素和粉质特性在出粉率80%左右达到最佳状态,但是灰分含量偏高。     

Fatty acids,mineral composition ond functional (bread and chapati) properties of high protein and high lysine barley lines

Six barley lines derived from corsses involving Hiproly (SV 73608×Mona⁵) and Riso 1508 with higher yield recipients V 43-42 and V 5681, along with the four parents, were analyzed for faty acids and mineral composition. Dough properties, bread and chapaties were charcterized by blending barley line (B82503) at 2.5-25% with bread wheat flour (pak 81). Fatty acid contents were myristic acid, 0.60-1.16%; palmitic acid, 16.68-20.84%; stearic acid, 1.30-3.33% and degree of unsaturation 1.40-1.50%. The derived lines contained similar amounts of essential fatty acids. Significant variation for magnesium, copper, zinc, phosphorus and potassium was observed but overlapped among the lines and parents. The calciu, iron, and manganese showed non-significant differences among lines and parents. Blending up to 10% barley flour with bread wheat flour gave farinograph characteristics comparable to those of pure wheat flour, but increasing the proportion of barley beyond this decreased the mix time and dough stability. Breadbaking tests verfied that up to 10% barley could be mixed with wheat without adversely affecting loaf volume and other quality attributes. For chapati making up to 20% barley could be blended into the wheat, yet yield acceptable quality.     

Time-dependent characteristics of Herschel–Bulkley fluids from edible powders

Herschel–Bulkley shear thinning fluids were produced by blending saturated aqueous solutions of sucrose with one of the following edible powders: potato starch, wheat flour, maize flour, cocoa powder and milk powder. In each case, plasticity only occurred over a narrow range of proportions of saturated sucrose solution to edible powder. This proportion was crucial in controlling storage changes and textural properties. Bingham yield stresses increased with storage time and this was attributed to the competition for water between saccharides in the saturated solutions and components of the admixed powders. Dissolution of the components of the admixed powders was thought to be a key factor in determining the rate of change of textural properties such as hardness, fracturability, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, resilience and stringiness.     

南瓜粉添加量对鲜湿面品质特性影响

目的：研究南瓜粉添加量对南瓜鲜湿面品质特性的影响。方法：对不同南瓜粉添加量鲜湿面的色泽、蒸煮特性、质构特性及感官评价得分进行测定,结合相关性分析及主成分分析方法进行综合评价。结果：随着南瓜粉添加量的上升,鲜湿面亮度下降、色泽从亮黄色转变为橙黄色;5%南瓜粉鲜湿面断条率、损失率最低,最佳烹煮时间最短为202.36 s;南瓜粉添加量至20%时硬度均高于小麦鲜湿面,5%南瓜粉鲜湿面的回复性、内聚性、弹性及咀嚼性均为最高,随着南瓜粉添加量的增加均有下降趋势;感官评价得分均高于小麦鲜湿面,15%南瓜粉鲜湿面得分最高。相关性分析结果表明南瓜粉鲜湿面的各项特性均有较强的相关性;主成分分析结果表明添加5%南瓜粉鲜湿面综合得分最高。结论：适量添加南瓜粉能改善鲜湿面的品质特性,改良风味,且南瓜粉添加量5%时效果最佳。     

捻系数和混纺比与玉米纤维纱强伸性能的关系

为了了解玉米纤维纯纺纱捻系数、玉米纤维混纺纱混纺比对成纱强伸性能的影响，纺制了13种捻系数的18．2tex玉米纤维纯纺纱，不同混纺比例的18．2tex玉米纤维腈纶纤维混纺纱、玉米纤维大豆纤维混纺纱，测试了成纱断裂强力、断裂伸长率、断裂功及初始模量等强伸性能指标。结果表明：玉米纤维纯纺纱的临界捻系数在405．9附近；在玉米纤维腈纶纤维混纺纱中，随着玉米纤维含量从0增至100％，成纱强力呈非线性关系逐渐下降；对于玉米纤维大豆纤维混纺纱，随着玉米纤维含量的增加，成纱强力逐渐下降，当玉米纤维含量在90％左右时，强力处于最低谷，且低于玉米纤维纯纺纱。     

谷朊粉对冻干枣粉抑制吸湿作用研究

目的 研究谷朊粉对冻干枣粉吸湿特性的影响。方法 将谷朊粉与枣浆按不同比例均匀混合,真空冷冻干燥后粉粹,过60目筛制备不同配比的冻干枣粉。结果 谷朊粉显著降低了冻干枣粉的平衡含水率(equilibrium moisture content,EMC)。吸湿等温结果表明,红枣与谷朊粉质量比10:0、7:3、1:1、3:7样品的吸湿等温类型属“J”型增长,而0:10样品的属“S”型增长,表明谷朊粉的添加并未改变冻干枣粉吸湿等温类型;接触角随着谷朊粉的添加量的增大而增大,其值从31.22°增大到76.7°,说明谷朊粉可以减弱冻干枣粉的表面润湿性。从宏观和扫描电镜图中可知,冻干枣粉结块现象随着谷朊粉的添加量的增大而逐渐减轻。低场核磁结果显示,谷朊粉降低自由水的含量,减少水分向高自由度方向的迁移程度。结论 一定量的谷朊粉能够有效抑制冻干枣粉的吸湿,从而缓解结块的发生,保持流动性和分散性,进而提高冻干枣粉的品质。     

苦荞麦营养保健面条的研究

以苦荞-小麦混合粉制作面条,研究了不同比例的苦荞粉和添加剂(明胶,海藻酸钠和CMC)对苦荞面条加工特性的影响,并采用正交试验优化了苦荞面条的加工工艺.结果表明,随着苦荞粉添加比例的增加,面条的断条率逐渐增大,烹调损失也逐渐增加,面条的品质随之变差;三种添加剂的使用均可改善面条的蒸煮品质,其中CMC的效果最好;当苦荞粉与小麦粉的比例为3:7时,按混合粉质量分别添加0.55%的CMC添加剂、35%的水及1%的食盐,经和面、熟化、压面、切条与干燥工艺,可制得品质较好的面条.