气体扰动萃取过氧化氢的试验研究

在内径为50mm的筛板塔内,研究了蒽醌工作液-过氧化氢-水体系的气体扰动萃取过程。萃取温度为40℃,空气和分散相的表观流速分别为（0～3．22）mm／s和（1．27～1．70）mm／s,分散相和连续相的表观流速之比为50：1。结果表明,在过氧化氢萃取塔中引入扰动气体,增大了分散相滞液率,提高了总板效率,降低了萃余相中过氧化氢的含量。     

板波纹填料用于低界面张力萃取体系的操作特性研究

在内径为100 mm的玻璃萃取塔中,以具有较低界面张力的30%煤油(TBP)-醋酸-水为萃取体系,系统研究了板波纹规整填料的流体力学性能和传质性能。结果表明,随两相流量增加,存留分数皆增加;随流速比减小,液泛通量增大;理论级当量高度随连续相流速变化不大,但随分散相流速增加而降低。板波纹填料具有较高的液泛通量和传质效率,在实验范围内,液泛通量高达98～153 m3/(m2·h),理论级当量高度在0. 68～1. 05 m之间,对低界面张力萃取体系具有较好的效果。     

新型规整网孔填料萃取性能实验研究

为了得到一种新型规整网孔填料在萃取中的传质效率,在Φ50 mm的填料塔中,采用质量分数为30%磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-煤油-醋酸-水中等界面张力的物系,测定了3种不同齿度新型网孔规整填料的液液萃取性。与Φ10 mm鲍尔环相比,在相同的操作条件下新型网孔规整填料的表观传质单元高度比鲍尔环降低15%—45%。固定连续相流速,随着分散相流速的增大,表观传质单元高度变小,传质效率高。固定分散相流速,随着连续相流速的增大,表观传质单元高度变大,传质效率变低。在所测物系条件下,小网孔具有高的传质效率。     

新型组合式规整填料在液液萃取中的传质性能

采用质量分数30%磷酸三丁酯-煤油-醋酸-水物系,对一种新型萃取用组合式规整填料的传质性能进行了测定,考察了连续相流速和分散相流速对其传质效率的影响。实验结果表明:在相同的二相流速下,组合式规整填料的表观传质单元高度比16 mm鲍尔环平均低约54%。固定连续相流速,随着分散相流速的增加,填料的表观传质单元高度降低,传质效率提高;固定分散相流速,随着连续相流速的增加,填料的表观传质单元高度增大,传质效率降低。     

鼓泡塔反应器中乙烯-苯体系气液传质系数的测定

以乙烯-苯系统为对象,借助计算机图像处理技术,采用单孔进气,研究了常温常压下鼓泡塔反应器内的传质特性.实验结果表明:在塔内液体循环速度0.02m·s-1,空塔气速2.1×10-1~6.1×10-1m·s-1、进气孔径0.8~2mm实验条件下,乙烯在苯中的吸收溶解过程主要与温度、压力及气体和液体的性质有关;吸收过程刚开始时,气泡当量直径较大,气泡消失速率较大,吸收过程类似于CO2在水中的吸收过程;气液传质比表面积α随着空塔气速的增大而增大,孔径和空塔气速的影响可以忽略;气液传质系数κL受空塔气速、进气孔径变化的影响很小,其值约为1.372×10-1m·s-1.     

超声内环流气升式反应器传质性能的研究

研究了超声内环流气升式反应器中空气-水-离子交换树脂体系的气液传质与液固传质性能.分别采用电极动态法和离子交换树脂法实验测定了气液传质和液固传质系数.重点考察了表观气速、超声电功率对于气液传质系数以及液固传质系数的影响.实验表明,内环流气升式反应器中表观气速对于气液传质性能影响较大,而超声作用对气液传质影响不大.该反应器中液固传质系数随表观气速的增加而增大;无超声作用情况下,当表观气速达到一定程度时,液固传质系数保持一恒定值.超声作用时,气速增加到4 cm·s-1左右,传质系数达到最大值,随后液固传质系数随着表观气速的增加而逐渐减小,传质系数仍然大于无超声作用时的值.超声对液固传质有较强的促进作用,电功率在150 W左右时,超声对液固传质的促进作用最佳,是不加超声作用时传质系数的两倍左右;但随着电功率的进一步增大,液固传质系数呈现下降趋势.     

轻重相交替进料筛板萃取塔中的传质性能研究

针对间歇操作萃取工艺生产能力低,而逆流连续操作萃取工艺返混严重等问题,研究提出了轻重相交替进料操作的萃取工艺,并对轻重相交替进料筛板萃取塔中的传质性能进行了研究。以煤油-苯甲酸-水为萃取体系,采用单个液滴的传质模型来计算萃取塔的分散相总传质系数,并研究了分散相流速、连续相流速、液滴上升速度以及塔板间距对分散相总传质系数的影响。实验得到分散相总传质系数Kod的数值在3.49?10?5~5.47?10?5 m?s?1,总分散相存留分数在1.63%~4.37%。结果表明轻重相交替进料筛板萃取塔的分散相总传质数高于Kühni搅拌萃取塔、脉冲萃取塔和振动挡板塔,并且流量变化对Kod的影响小,返混效应弱,总分散相存留分数小,不易液泛。     

三相强制浆料环流反应器的局部传质行为

提出了一种新型的强制外循环三相环流反应器结构,根据结构特点及流动状态的不同,将反应器分为6个不同的流动区域. 在f300 mm′1700 mm的实验装置内,采用氧气气提-空气解吸法,详细考察了内环表观气速0.006~0.19 m/s、外循环液速0.03, 0.05 m/s、固含率5%, 10%, 15%时不同流动区域的体积传质系数. 发现外循环液流影响区体积传质系数最大,最高可达0.754 s-1,外环环隙区最小,不超过0.043 s-1,环流反应器整体体积传质系数与气液分离区体积传质系数接近. 适当扩大内、外环截面积比有利于提高环流反应器的传质性能. 环流反应器整体体积传质系数随内环表观气速和外循环液速的增加而增加,随颗粒浓度的增加略有降低.     

气-液-液萃取传质效率的研究

在液-液萃取过程中,提高分散相的表面更新速率可有效提高萃取的传质效率.研究发现,在萃取过程中使用气体搅拌可以增加液液之间的接触面积,促进液相内的湍动和循环.据此,本文在气-液-液萃取条件下对不同填料的传质性能进行了测定.实验表明,通入气相后分散相液滴呈现稳定的“油包气”空心状态,这种结构大大降低了分散相液滴的传质层厚度,减小了传质距离,极大地强化传质效率.在适宜气速下,气-液-液萃取效率较传统萃取效率提高20％～40％.通过与散装填料对比,发现规整填料更利于强化萃取效果,传质效率提高约50％.     

气体搅动的筛板萃取塔性能实验研究

在筛板萃取塔中引入气体搅动,既能明显提高装置的传质效率,又能大幅提高装置处理能力。筛板塔的通量随气速的变化规律与填料塔有显著区别,其性能研究有重要意义。利用煤油(苯甲酸)-水-空气体系,考察了气体搅动和筛孔直径对萃取塔流体力学和传质性能的影响。结果表明,随着表观气速的增加,气含率、分散相含率、液泛速率和传质效率均明显增加。但过高的气速也会导致分散相的过于分散和乳化,传质性能下降,直至液泛。不同直径的筛孔相比,较小的筛孔使分散相停留时间延长,分散相含率和传质效率提高,但液泛速率和处理能力降低。     

Experimental Investigation and Simulation of a Gas‐agitated Sieve Plate Column

The extraction of hydrogen peroxide by means of deionized water from anthraquinone working solution via anthraquinone process was carried out in a gas‐agitated sieve plate extraction column. The effects of the superficial velocity of air, dispersed phase and continuous phase on the overall plate extraction efficiency have been investigated. The corrections for the prediction of the overall plate extraction efficiency were presented. The correction proposed to predict the overall plate extraction efficiency in the air, water, anthraquinone working solution three‐phase system agreed satisfactory with experimental data with a maximum absolute deviation of 5.6 %. A new design method for gas‐liquid‐liquid three‐phase extractors is developed based on the multistage countercurrent extraction model. The calculated data by the model agreed well with experimental data and the average relative deviation was less than 10 %. Moreover, the model was used to predict a gas‐agitated sieve plate extraction column for industrial production of hydrogen peroxide. The results show that the plate numbers of gas‐agitated sieve plate extraction column are 30–40 % less than that of liquid‐liquid sieve plate column.     

Experimental investigation and simulation of gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction process for the production of hydrogen peroxide

The gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction system for the production of hydrogen peroxide via anthraquinone route was investigated. The oxidation of the hydrogenated anthraquinone working solution by oxygen and the extraction of hydrogen peroxide from the working solution with deionized water were carried out simultaneously in a sieve plate column of 50 mm in diameter. The effects of the superficial velocity of oxygen on the conversion of 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone and the extraction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide were investigated, separately. The results showed that the oxidation and the extraction do not hamper each other, on the contrary, the presence of gas in the column can promote the transfer of hydrogen peroxide from the organic phase to the aqueous phase, therefore, the conversion of 2-ethylanthrahydroquinone and the extraction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide increased with the increase of gas superficial velocity. In addition, a mathematical model for the simulation of the gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction process was developed. The predicted values were compared with the experimental data at different conditions and the agreement was found to be quite satisfactory for the production of hydrogen peroxide in a sieve plate column.     

气体喷射筛板萃取塔的滞液率和气含率

以水和蒽醌法生产过氧化氢的工作液为研究物系,在内径为50 mm的筛板萃取塔内,模拟工业操作条件,研究了空气-水-蒽醌工作液三相物系的分散相滞液率和气含率. 讨论了气相、分散相和连续相流速对分散相滞液率和气含率的影响,并提出了用于预测气-液-液三相萃取系统的分散相滞液率和气含率的关联式. 结果表明,滞液率关联式的预测值与实验结果的平均相对偏差为7.3%,气含率关联式的预测值与实验结果的平均相对偏差为7.1%.     

气-液-液喷射反应萃取制备过氧化氢的过程

引　言过氧化氢 (H2 O2 )是一种性能优良的氧化剂 ,因其以水为还原产物而备受绿色化学与化工研究领域广泛关注 .以过氧化氢为氧化剂的氧化过程具有反应条件温和、选择性高、无污染等优点 ,因此被广泛地用于纺织品和造纸的无氯漂白、化学合成、污水处理等领域 ,应用前景十分广阔 ,市场潜力非常大 .蒽醌衍生物自动氧化法 (AO )是过氧化氢的主要生产方法 ,基本原理是[1] :烷基取代的蒽醌 (主要是 2 乙基蒽醌 )和四氢蒽醌 (主要是四　氢 2 乙基蒽醌 )溶解在适当的溶剂中配制成工作液 ,循环交替氢化和氧化工作液 ,即工作液中的蒽醌与氢气反应…     

GAS-AGITATED LIQUID AND OXIDATIVE EXTRACTION IN THE ALKYL ANTHRAQUINONE PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

As preliminary investigations on oxidative extraction in the alkyl anthraquinone process for the production of hydrogen peroxide, the air-agitated liquid extraction of hydrogen peroxide from the working solution was studied and the dynamics of the extraction was measured as a function of the oil/water ratio and gas flow rate. The investigations were carried out either in an empty column or in a packed column. The results proved that the use of gas-agitated oxidative liquid extraction was a good way to integrate the oxidative operation unit with the extraction unit in the alkyl anthraquinone process for the preparation of hydrogen peroxide.     

微通道中液-液萃取传质特性的研究

研究了在一个内径为400 μm管式直线型玻璃微通道中的液-液两相的传质特性,其中去离子水为水相, 煤油（溶质是苯甲酸）为油相, 氮气为气相。实验研究了表面张力、黏度和气体分散相对体积传质系数的影响,结果表明：在内径为400 μm的微通道内,当停留时间为15 s时微通道内的萃取已达到平衡;水相的表面张力和液体黏度显著影响微通道内的传质效率;在液-液系统中引入气相后,水油两相之间的传质效率显著增加。     

Reactive extraction for preparation of hydrogen peroxide under pressure

The preparation of hydrogen peroxide from anthrahydroquinone by reactive extraction was investigated. The integration process of oxidation of anthrahydroquinone by air and extraction of hydrogen peroxide from the organic phase with water was carried out in a sieve plate column under pressure. The conversion of anthrahydroquinone increased with increasing pressure resulting in an increase of hydrogen peroxide concentration in the aqueous phase. However, no change in extraction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide was observed. A mathematical model for gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction was established. In the model, the effects of pressure and gas superficial velocity on reaction were considered. With increasing gas superficial velocity, the conversion of anthrahydroquinone increased, and the fraction of hydrogen peroxide extracted reached a plateau with a maximum of 72.94%. However, both the conversion of anthrahydroquinone and the fraction of hydrogen peroxide extracted decreased with increasing organic phase superficial velocity.     

Reactive extraction for preparation of hydrogen peroxide under pressure

The preparation of hydrogen peroxide from anthrahydroquinone by reactive extraction was investigated. The integration process of oxidation of anthrahydroquinone by air and extraction of hydrogen peroxide from the organic phase with water was carried out in a sieve plate column under pressure. The conversion of anthrahydroquinone increased with increasing pressure resulting in an increase of hydrogen peroxide concentration in the aqueous phase. However, no change in extraction efficiency of hydrogen peroxide was observed. A mathematical model for gas-liquid-liquid reactive extraction was established. In themodel, the effects of pressure and gas superficial velocity on reaction were considered.With increasing gas superficial velocity, the conversion of anthrahydroquinone increased, and the fraction of hydrogen peroxide extracted reached a plateau with a maximum of 72.94%. However, both the conversion of anthrahydroquinone and the fraction of hydrogen peroxide extracted decreased with increasing organic phase superficial velocity. __________ Translated from Petrochemical Technology, 2007, 36(1): 49–54 [译自: 石油化工]     

筛板塔气-液-液系统内相含率和传质特性研究

The gas and dispersed phase holdups and mass transfer coefficients of liquid-iquid were determined for gas-liquid-liquid three phase system in a screen plate column. The flow pattern of gas-liquid-liquid three phase system was studied under different gas velocities. The shape factors showed the geometric properties of screen plates and the corrected drop chaxacteristic velocities were introduced. The phase holdup in two phases was correlated.The research results indicated that mass transfer coefficient for liquid-liquid system in a column with screen plates and gas agitation was found to increase apparently.     

蒽醌法过氧化氢合成中喷射萃取过程研究

在自行设计的喷射萃取塔中,以纯水为萃取剂,进行蒽醌法过氧化氢生产中H2O2的液液萃取、气液液喷射萃取实验研究。结果表明,在一定萃取比范围内,萃取剂用量对液液萃取过程H2O2的萃取率影响很小。喷射萃取过程中塔的传质单元高度随喷射气体及分散相流量的增加而减小。在相同分散相流量下,喷射萃取的传质单元高度比液液萃取低2—3倍。喷射萃取过程中H2O2的萃取率比液液萃取提高2—3倍。研究结果将为工业化设计提供依据。