灵芝超微粉理化特性研究

采用超微粉碎技术,得到了灵芝超微粉。对超微粉与常规粉(过60目筛得到)、超细粉(粒径≤30μm,相当于550目)的表征,显微镜观察和粗多糖溶出特性检测结果表明,灵芝超微粉粉体粒度分布在2.92~6.03μm(相当于5 654目),体积平均粒径为3.18μm,100%的粉体颗粒粒径(D100)小于9.96μm,呈对称的单峰分布,均匀性好;其比表面积为3.63μm/g,分别是常规和超细粉的15倍和2倍。同时超微粉细胞破壁完全,主要功效成分灵芝多糖在20 min时的浸出率与超细粉2 h时的浸出率相当,显示生物利用度得到有效提高。     

粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖功能特性的影响研究

探讨不同粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖(ITPs)功能特性的影响。方法:制备不同粉碎粒径的茶叶水不溶多糖,通过持水力(包括水合能力和膨胀力)、吸附性能(包括持油性和胆酸钠结合能力)等功能特性的测定,分析粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖功能特性的影响。结果:粉碎粒径对茶叶水不溶多糖的功能特性可产生较大影响,其结合水力和膨胀力随茶叶水不溶多糖粒径的减小先减小后逐渐增大,其中结合水力在多糖粒径达超微粉时最大,为粗粉的1.20倍,而膨胀力在多糖粒径达细粉级时最大,为粗粉的1.08倍,粒径达超微粉时出现下降趋势。持油性与结合胆酸钠能力均在超微粉时最大,分别是粗粉的1.42倍和1.22倍。结论:本实验为茶叶的开发利用提供了基础研究数据。     

超微粉碎制备蜜柑果皮全粉研究

以蜜柑果皮为原料,以不同干燥方式干燥果皮,运用超微粉碎方法制成粉体,通过测定粉体的粒度分布情况、持水力、持油力及色度值等指标,对常压干燥、真空干燥及冷冻干燥等不同干燥方式进行比较,得出常压干燥方式最佳。并利用响应曲面法研究果皮超微粉碎工艺,以粗粉粒径、转速及粉碎次数为自变量,比表面积为响应值,研究各自变量及其交互作用对果皮超微粉碎效果的影响,确定最佳超微粉碎工艺为：粗粉粒径60～80目、转速16000r/min、粉碎次数3次,此工艺条件下,得到的比表面积为0.246m2/g。     

超细海带粉的生产工艺

本文简述了海带的营养价值和生理作用,并详细介绍了超细海带粉的生产工艺,该技术可使海带粉碎成 1000目以上的超细粉。     

超细海的生产工艺

本文简述了海带的营养价值和生理作用,并详细介绍了超细海带粉的生产工艺,该技术可使海带粉碎成１０００目以上的超细粉。     

振动式超微粉碎对紫薯全粉物化特性的影响

采用高频振动超微粉碎技术处理紫薯粗粉,结果表明:紫薯粗粉经过超微粉碎处理5min后,平均粒径减小至(27.81±1.21)μm,比表面积和离散度分别为(0.54±0.07)m2·g-1、2.75±0.52,达到超微粉级别。随着超微粉碎时间的延长,紫薯微粉的平均粒径进一步减小,微粉颗粒大小更均匀,亮度更大,颜色更均匀。与粗粉相比,紫薯微粉的休止角和滑角均增大,松装密度和振实密度均小于粗粉。当超微粉碎处理时间为15min时,所得紫薯微粉持水力、持油力、吸湿性、溶胀度和溶解性分别为(1.50±0.14)g·g-1、(1.16±0.10)g·g-1、(2.25±0.09)%、(1.70±0.44)ml·g-1、(32.38±0.76)%,加工特性最佳。超微粉碎处理可以显著改善紫薯全粉的颗粒均匀性、颜色均匀性、溶解性等物化特性。     

豆渣超微粉制备工艺优化及其特性分析

应用流化床气流磨对豆渣进行超微粉碎,在单因素实验的基础上通过响应面法对豆渣超微粉制备工艺进行优化,并对粉碎前后粉体的粒度分布、色泽、微观结构以及红外图谱进行对比分析。结果表明,最佳粉碎工艺为进料量93 g,粉碎频率32 Hz,研磨压力0.8 MPa。在此条件下所得豆渣粉中位粒径(D₅₀)为14.98 μm;与超微粉碎前的豆渣粗粉相比,超微粉碎后的豆渣微粉色泽亮白,颗粒分布均匀,比表面积增大,结构变化较小。     

振动式超微粉碎对南瓜全粉物化特性的影响

通过高频振动超微粉碎技术对南瓜粗粉进行处理,研究振动式超微粉碎技术对南瓜全粉物化特性的影响。结果表明,南瓜粗粉经过超微粉碎处理5 min后,平均粒径减小到28.22±2.19μm,比表面积和离散度分别为0.46±0.07 m~2·g~(-1)、2.56±0.36,达到超微粉级别。随着超微粉碎时间的延长,南瓜微粉的平均粒径进一步减小,微粉颗粒大小更均匀,亮度更大,颜色更均匀。与粗粉相比,南瓜微粉的休止角和滑角均增大,松装密度和振实密度均小于粗粉。当超微粉碎处理时间为5 min时,所得南瓜微粉持水力、持油力、吸湿性、溶胀度和溶解性分别为1.86±0.26 g·g~(-1),1.08±0.15 g·g~(-1),3.91%±0.87%,9.90±0.26 mL·g~(-1)和59.76%±0.46%,加工特性最佳。超微粉碎处理可以显著改善南瓜全粉的颗粒均匀性、颜色均匀性、溶解性等物化特性。     

普通粉碎与超微粉碎对茶树菇粉体加工物理特性的影响

为研究茶树菇粉体的加工适应性,探究更适宜生产的粉碎方法,以3个不同品种的茶树菇为原料,通过普通粉碎得到茶树菇粗粉,然后利用超微粉碎将粗粉制成茶树菇超微粉,比较茶树菇粗粉和超微粉的加工物理特性.结果表明,粗粉的中值粒径平均值为84.03μm,超微粉中值粒径平均值为24.57μm,与粗粉相比,超微粉粒径明显减小;扫描电镜下...     

气流超微粉碎对苦荞粉物化特性的影响

目的：探究超微粉碎对不同部位苦荞粉物化特性的影响。方法：以苦荞皮粉、芯粉和全粉为原料,利用流化床气流粉碎机制备苦荞超微粉,通过测定粒径、比表面积、粉体综合特性、溶胀性、水溶性等指标研究气流超微粉碎处理对不同部位苦荞粉物化特性的影响。结果：3种部位苦荞粉经微粉化处理后,粒径分别减小至8.15,8.43,8.04 μm,比表面积增大;微粉化处理降低了粉体的流动性和填充性;水溶性增加;溶胀性、持水力、持油力呈先升高后降低的趋势。结论：经气流超微粉碎处理后苦荞粉具有较为优良的物化特性,适用于苦荞产品的精深加工。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the