Treatment of Contaminated Water Laden with 4-Chlorophenol using Coconut Shell Waste-Based Activated Carbon Modified with Chemical Agents

This laboratory study investigates the performances of coconut shell waste-based activated carbon (CSBAC) in removing 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from contaminated water. To improve its removal for target compound, the surface of CSBAC was modified with TiO₂, NaOH, and/or HNO₃. Under optimized conditions at the same initial concentration of 25 mg/L, the NaOH-treated CSBAC could remove 91% of 4-CP, compared to the HNO₃-oxidized CSBAC (60%) or the TiO₂-coated CSBAC (72%). Although the NaOH-treated CSBAC could remove 91% of 4-CP, the adsorption treatment using this adsorbent alone was unable to meet the effluent limit of lower than 1 mg/L. Therefore, subsequent biological processes are required to complement the removal of 4-CP from wastewater.     

Multiple Regression Analysis of Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Isopropanol in a Chemical Heat Pump System

Chemical heat pump is a clean technology developed to upgrade the low‐level thermal energy to upper levels and to store energy without losses caused by temperature differences. Multiple regression analysis of catalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol was performed. The endothermic dehydrogenation of isopropanol was carried out under continuous boiling and refluxing conditions in order to study the enhancement effects of the presence of an alkaline compound and different types of catalysts at various concentrations in the reaction medium on the evolution rate of hydrogen. The factorial experimental design method was applied to understand better the coupled influences of both catalyst and alkaline additive concentrations to discuss and evaluate statistically the results for different catalysts and to develop the related models.     

活性炭为载体的负载型高变催化剂的研制

选择活性炭作载体,用真空浸渍盐溶液制备了活性炭负载铁基低铬(Cr2O3的含量4%)及无铬高温变换催化剂。通过XRD、TEM及XPS等表征研究了活性炭为载体的负载型高变催化剂的结构、粒径和表面性质;讨论了载体表面处理及催化剂制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。     

不同活化剂制备秸秆-污泥复配活性炭的机理及性能

以污水处理厂剩余污泥和芦苇秸秆为基料,分别采用KOH、H3PO4和ZnCl2为活化剂,通过化学活化和高温热解的方法制备了秸秆-污泥复配活性炭,研究了焙烧温度、各活化剂浓度及酸洗条件等对制备的复配活性炭吸附碘值、得率等的影响.结果表明经KOH、H3PO4及ZnCl2活化制备复配活性炭,其在本试验中的最佳活化剂浓度和焙烧温度分别为0.8、0.2和0.8 mol/L以及800、400和800℃,在该条件下制得的样品经酸洗后其吸附碘值和得率分别为661.7、646.4和603.3 mg/g以及51.3％、63.5％和58.1％.N2吸附脱附曲线表明三种活化剂活化后制得的活性炭均以微孔为主,其中经KOH活化的样品其在较高相对压力(P/P0≥0.5)时,吸附容量明显高于其他样品,表明在其活化热解过程中伴随有一定量的中孔生成.热分析发现经三种活化剂活化后的样品热解过程均伴随多段失重现象,显示出不同的活化机理.     

饱和活性炭催化双氧水氧化处理染料废水生化出水

分别采用Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2、活性炭(AC)/H_2O_2、AC/H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)和再生AC四种体系对染料废水生化出水进行处理,分别考察了不同体系中,H_2O_2的投加浓度、n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))、pH和反应时间及再生炭对废水处理效果的影响,并对处理效果进行对比。结果表明AC/H_2O_2/Fe~(2+)体系对废水COD的去除效果最好,去除率为64%,再生AC对废水色度去除率最高为94%。     

Adsorption of Pure Fluids in Activated Carbon with a Modified Lattice Gas Model

In this article we study the effects of adsorbed phase compression, lattice structure, and pore size distribution on the analysis of adsorption in microporous activated carbon. The lattice gas approach of Ono-Kondo is modified to account for the above effects. Data of nitrogen adsorption at 77 K onto a number of activated carbon samples are analyzed to investigate the pore filling pressure versus pore width, the packing effect, and the compression of the adsorbed phase. It is found that the PSDs obtained from this analysis are comparable to those obtained by the DFT method. The “discrete” nature of the PSDs derived from the modified lattice gas theory is due to the inherent assumption of discrete layers of molecules. Nevertheless, it does provide interesting information on the evolution of micropores during the activation process.     

Adsorption of Pure Fluids in Activated Carbon with a Modified Lattice Gas Model

In this article we study the effects of adsorbed phase compression, lattice structure, and pore size distribution on the analysis of adsorption in microporous activated carbon. The lattice gas approach of Ono-Kondo is modified to account for the above effects. Data of nitrogen adsorption at 77 K onto a number of activated carbon samples are analyzed to investigate the pore filling pressure versus pore width, the packing effect, and the compression of the adsorbed phase. It is found that the PSDs obtained from this analysis are comparable to those obtained by the DFT method. The “discrete” nature of the PSDs derived from the modified lattice gas theory is due to the inherent assumption of discrete layers of molecules. Nevertheless, it does provide interesting information on the evolution of micropores during the activation process.     

不同化学方法再生活性炭的对比研究

本文研究了苯酚水溶液在活性炭上的吸附平衡关系,溶液ＰＨ值对活性炭吸附性能的影响。     

活性炭负载浓硫酸催化间二甲苯与氯化苄的烷基化反应

以活性炭负载浓硫酸作为固体催化剂,以间二甲苯与氯化苄为原料进行合成反应,研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比和催化剂用量对反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:即n(间二甲苯)∶n(氯化苄)=3∶1,反应温度100℃,反应时间9h,催化剂用量13.2%(相对于氯化苄),2-苄基-1,5-二甲苯产率为59.3%;n(间二甲苯)∶n(氯化苄)=3∶1,反应温度100℃,反应时间8h,催化剂用量18.5%(相对于氯化苄),3-苄基-1,5-二甲苯产率为18.0%。     

超声处理对活性炭表面形态及负载催化剂活性的影响

采用超声预处理活性炭,并用N_2物理吸附、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)、和场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)等表征手段,研究了超声预处理条件对活性炭表面结构、化学成分及表面形貌以及所负载钌基氨合成催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明,超声预处理活性炭,可有效降低活性炭表面灰分和不稳定含氧基团的含量,从而提高所负载催化剂的活性。在实验范围内,当超声频率为39.0 kHz,功率为100w时,在10 000 h~(-1),10.0 MPa和400℃的反应条件下,钌基催化剂的反应速率达到了97.6 mmol/(g·h)。     

Ozonated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Highly Active and Selective Catalyst in the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethyl Benzene to Styrene

Purification and ozonation protocols for the functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were developed to modify the surface with respect to increasing the catalytic activity of the samples in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene (ODEB) to styrene. The modification processes drastically enhance the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area and the number of oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of the nanotubes. The modified MWCNT exhibit significantly improved conversion and styrene selectivity in the ODEB reaction. For instance, ozonation led to MWCNT‐based catalysts revealing conversion and selectivity values of 80 % and 92 %, respectively. An increase in surface oxygen accompanied by high catalytic activity observed on the catalysts suggests that oxygen‐containing groups are the dominant active sites for the reaction.     

液膜反应器中异丙醇脱氢性能及反应动力学

研究了反应物进料速度、催化剂用量和反应温度对以非晶态合金雷尼镍为催化剂的液膜多相反应模式下异丙醇脱氢反应的影响,考察了反应动力学. 结果表明,温度的影响最显著,与搅拌釜液相脱氢相比,该反应模式有效提升了产氢速率,Langmuir?Hinshelwood反应动力学表达式计算结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

黑液为活化剂制备活性炭的初步研究

文章以造纸黑液及氢氧化钠为活化剂,采用正交实验法,研究了炭化温度、浸渍比、活化耕浓度,活化时问、活佬温度对活性炭性能亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响。得到了最佳工艺条件为成炭温度300℃,活化温度750℃,活化对间4h,NaOH含量10％,料液比1：7,在这条件下制得的活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色力为16mL／0．1g。结果表明,活化温度是影响活性炭性能豹主要因素。     

以浓硫酸改性煤基活性炭为固体酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以浓硫酸改性煤基活性炭为催化剂,以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究.较系统的研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产率的影响.实验结果表明:最佳反应条件为:n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2.3,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.27%,8.0 mL环己烷为带水剂,反应时间70.0 min,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率可达85.4%.该固体酸重复使用4次催化活性基本不变.     

功能化活性炭固载离子液体催化剂

制备了活性炭固载溴化1-（2-胺乙基氢溴酸）-3-甲基咪唑翁盐离子液体催化剂,并用TG和XPS对催化剂进行了表征。将该催化剂首次用于Knoevenagel缩合反应,结果表明活性炭固载离子液体催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性,同时克服了均相催化剂难以分离的不足。     

草甘膦活性炭催化剂的失活与碱再生研究

[方法]通过反应底物模拟吸附实验和BET表征方法,对双甘膦催化氧化制备草甘膦活性炭催化剂的失活原因与碱再生方法进行了研究。[结果]实验得出催化剂失活的原因为催化剂吸附的双甘膦等物质造成微孔比表面积和微孔孔容积的减小,从而使催化剂的活性下降。[结论]根据失活机理,采用NaOH溶液对失活催化剂进行了再生,实验结果表明:反应温度为180℃、碱炭质量比为1∶10、处理时间为90 min时,催化剂的再生效率可达52.0%。     

CO_2压缩机脱氢催化剂活性降低分析与对策

对中海石油华鹤煤化有限公司CO2压缩机脱氢槽运行情况进行简介,重点介绍脱氢催化剂的使用情况,催化剂装填要求,使用前后的数据对比,投运后的运行情况,以及氢含量增高的应对措施。