电学性质聚合物／陶瓷复合材料设计的材料思维

最近几年,聚合物/陶瓷复合材料不论在性能研究或者应用开发等方面,都有引人瞩目的进展。人们对这类材料特别感兴趣,在于可以通过精心的设计,选择具有最佳单独性质的相,按照设计的方式进行加合,所得复合物的综合性能远远优于各单独组分。具有电学性能的聚合物/陶瓷复合材料便是这种人为设计的杰作。聚合物/陶瓷复合材料的主体材料是聚合物和陶瓷。就单独相电性能而论,铁电陶     

高介电性能的陶瓷-聚合物复合材料的研究现状

在材料研究领域中,具有电学性能的陶瓷／聚合物复合材料是一种新型的复合材料,其中具有高介电性能的陶瓷／聚合物0-3复合材料以其广泛的应用前景已经引起人们极大的关注。文中介绍了具有高介电性能的陶瓷／聚合物复合材料的介电理论模型及其制备方法,概述了国内外的研究现状及应用,并且对未来的发展趋势做了展望。     

O-3型压电陶瓷/聚合物复合材料的制备工艺新进展

0－3型压电陶瓷／聚合物复合材料具有单相压电陶瓷或聚合物所不具备的良好的综合性能,因此引起了人们广泛的兴趣和研究。本文综述了0－3型压电复合材料的制备工艺及相应复合材料的压电性能,重点介绍了水解－聚合法、凝聚－胶体法、溶液聚合法3种新型制备工艺,简要分析各种制备工艺的优缺点,为压电陶瓷／聚合物复合材料（甚至是纳米级压电复合材料）的进一步研究、开发和应用提供依据。     

石墨/聚合物纳米复合材料研究新进展

综述了最近3年国内外石墨/聚合物纳米复合材料的研究进展,阐述了石墨纳米薄片的制备方法,石墨的表面改性以及各种石墨/聚合物复合材料在电学、热学和摩擦学等领域中的性能特点。指出了石墨在制备功能聚合物纳米复合材料中的重要应用价值。     

碳纳米管/聚合物基复合材料研究进展

具有独特结构与优异性能的碳纳米管(CNTs)已成为聚合物复合材料的理想添加剂。介绍了CNTs/聚合物复合材料的制备方法及其在力学、电学和热学性能研究中取得的最新进展。分析了CNTs的含量、分散性、取向性以及表面功能化等因素对复合材料性能的影响。提出了CNTs/聚合物复合材料研究过程中面临的一些问题,并展望了这类复合材料的应用前景。     

碳纳米管纸/聚合物复合材料制备及其性能研究进展

碳纳米管纸(又称巴基纸)/聚合物复合材料是纸状的碳纳米管薄层和聚合物复合制成的新型高性能复合材料。巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法主要有真空过滤热压法、原位电化学法和等离子体法。此种新型碳纳米管复合材料具有优异的电磁屏蔽、力学和电学性能。综述了巴基纸/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、性能及其应用前景。     

石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

石墨烯是最近几年才发现的炭材料的新成员, 其完美的二维结构和许多奇特的性质, 引起了科学家的极大兴趣。石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的改性以及各种石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的制备成为当前研究的热点之一。与纯的聚合物相比, 石墨烯的加入可赋予复合材料不同的功能性, 不但表现出优异的力学和电学性能, 且具有优良的加工性能, 为复合材料提供了更广阔的应用空间。文中概述了石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、结构及性能, 并展望了石墨烯及其聚合物复合材料的研究前景。     

0-3型陶瓷/聚合物压电复合材料的压电性能研究

采用溶液共混法和热压法分别制备了PZN-PZT/PI、PZN-PZT/PVDF 0-3型压电复合材料,所得材料具有较高的压电常数和良好的可柔性加工性能。并研究分析了无机压电陶瓷种类、含量,压电聚合物类型、制备工艺与极化参数对压电系数d₃₃的影响,在一定程度上提供了提高0-3型聚合物/陶瓷压电复合材料的压电性能的途径。      

石墨烯/聚合物导电复合材料的研究

石墨烯以其独特的二维结构和优异的性能成为材料领域的研究热点。它在改善聚合物复合材料的电学性能、热学性能和力学性能等方面具有很大的潜力。综述了近些年石墨烯/聚合物导电复合材料制备与应用领域的研究,并对石墨烯/聚合物导电复合材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

压电陶瓷/聚合物基新型阻尼复合材料的研究进展

压电陶瓷/聚合物基复合材料兼具了聚合物和压电陶瓷两相的优点,是新型的智能阻尼材料.叙述了压电陶瓷/聚合物基复合材料的阻尼性能表征、阻尼原理以及影响阻尼性能的主要因素,并展望了研究前景.指出从压电阻尼材料的基础理论、制备工艺和性能表征、结构与性能关系上寻找突破,可以获得可控的高阻尼压电复合材料.     

Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently attracted great attention from the scientific community due to their excellent photovoltaic performance as well as their tremendous potential for other optoelectronic applications such as light‐emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. Despite the rapid progress in device applications, a solid understanding of the photophysical properties behind the device performance is highly desirable for MHPs. Here, the properties of excitons and photogenerated charge carriers in MHPs are explored. The unique dielectric constant properties, crystal–liquid duality, and fundamental optical processes of MHPs are first discussed. The properties of excitons and related phenomena in MHPs are then detailed, including the exciton binding energy determined by various methods and their influence factors, exciton dynamics, exciton–photon coupling and related applications, and exciton–phonon coupling in MHPs. The properties of photogenerated free charge carriers in MHPs such as the carrier diffusion length, mobility, and recombination are described. Recent progress in various applications is also demonstrated. Finally, a conclusion and perspectives of future studies for MHPs are presented.     

二氧化硅薄膜的制备及应用

二氧化硅薄膜具有良好的硬度、光学、介电性质及耐磨、抗蚀等特性,在光学、微电子等领域有着广泛的应用前景,是目前国际上广泛关注的功能材料。论述了有关二氧化硅薄膜的制备方法,相应性质及其应用前景。     

The nanostructuring of materials for device and sensor applications

This paper reviews advances in nanotechnology and includes a discussion of microelectronics and microsystems. The main emphasis is on silicon technology, where the electrical properties are used in circuit applications and the mechanical properties are used in a growing range of sensor and micromechanical applications     

Hydrogen in porous silicon — A review

This review is devoted to summarising the hydrogen-assisted properties and applications of porous silicon (PS). The role of hydrogen as an intermediate product in silicon porosification technology is accentuated. The regularities of hydrogen bonding in PS and its applications for hydrogen storage are listed. The models of hydrogen influence on luminescence and electrical properties of PS are analysed. The corresponding applications of PS for H₂ gas sensors and pH metres are illustrated. Hydrogen-assisted explosion and grafting of PS are discussed. Such a review can be useful for the tailoring of PS properties.     

Cast magnesium alloys for elevated temperature applications

The alloy development, microstructure, properties and uses of cast magnesium alloys for elevated temperature applications are reviewed. The alloying principles and strengthening mechanisms of magnesium are discussed to identify the potential alloy systems for elevated temperature applications in automotive and aerospace industries. It is concluded that the Mg-Zr family of sand cast alloys exhibit adequate mechanical properties at both ambient and elevated temperatures for aerospace applications, and Ca-modified sand cast AS41 alloy might provide a cost-effective alternative for the Zr-containing alloys. For diecasting applications, no current alloy systems meets the requirements of good high temperature properties, acceptable castability and low cost for critical automotive components, future development is especially needed in this area. Development of dispersion strengthened magnesium alloys and improvement of current Mg-Al-RE and Mg-Al-Si systems are the potential routes to expand diecast magnesium alloys to elevated temperature applications.     

AlN nanowires: synthesis, physical properties, and nanoelectronics applications

One-dimensional aluminum nitride (AlN) nanostructures, especially AlN nanowires, have been subjected to numerous investigations due to their unique physical properties and applications ranging from electronics to biomedical. This article reviews the synthesis of AlN nanowires and studies their physical properties and potential nanoelectronics applications. First, the different fabrication techniques used to synthesize AlN nanowires and their growth mechanisms are discussed. Next, the physical properties of AlN nanowires, such as the field emission, transport, photoluminescence, as well as the mechanical and piezoelectric properties are summarized. Finally, the potential applications of AlN nanowires in the field of nanoelectronics are described. Furthermore, this review summarizes the perspectives and outlooks on the future development of AlN nanowires.     

TiAl基金属间化合物研究进展

与普通超合金相比，TiAl基金属间化合物以其优异的性能在航空和汽车工业中应用越来越广泛，本文总结了TiAl基合金在微观结构控制、微观组织对性能影响、合金化、熔炼技术、加工技术以及应用等方面的研究进展。     

气凝胶──一种结构可控的新型功能材料

气凝胶是一种结构可控的新型轻质纳米多孔性非晶固态材料，具有许多特殊性质，因而蕴藏着广阔的应用前景。本文综述了气凝胶材料的制备方法、结构控制原理、性质和各种可能的应用。     

3D Printed Graphene-Based Metamaterials: Guesting Multi-Functionality in One Gain

Advanced functional materials with fascinating properties and extended structural design have greatly broadened their applications. Metamaterials, exhibiting unprecedented physical properties (mechanical, electromagnetic, acoustic, etc.), are considered frontiers of physics, material science, and engineering. With the emerging 3D printing technology, the manufacturing of metamaterials becomes much more convenient. Graphene, due to its superior properties such as large surface area, superior electrical/thermal conductivity, and outstanding mechanical properties, shows promising applications to add multi-functionality into existing metamaterials for various applications. In this review, the aim is to outline the latest developments and applications of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials. The structure design of different types of metamaterials and the fabrication strategies for 3D printed graphene-based materials are first reviewed. Then the representative explorations of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials and multi-functionality that can be introduced with such a combination are further discussed. Subsequently, challenges and opportunities are provided, seeking to point out future directions of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials.     

Lanthanide‐Doped Photoluminescence Hollow Structures: Recent Advances and Applications

Lanthanide‐doped nanomaterials have attracted significant attention for their preeminent properties and widespread applications. Due to the unique characteristic, the lanthanide‐doped photoluminescence materials with hollow structures may provide advantages including enhanced light harvesting, intensified electric field density, improved luminescent property, and larger drug loading capacity. Herein, the synthesis, properties, and applications of lanthanide‐doped photoluminescence hollow structures (LPHSs) are comprehensively reviewed. First, different strategies for the engineered synthesis of LPHSs are described in detail, which contain hard, soft, self‐templating methods and other techniques. Thereafter, the relationship between their structure features and photoluminescence properties is discussed. Then, niche applications including biomedicines, bioimaging, therapy, and energy storage/conversion are focused on and superiorities of LPHSs for these applications are particularly highlighted. Finally, keen insights into the challenges and personal prospects for the future development of the LPHSs are provided.