卫星导航模拟器星座轨道外推方法研究

针对卫星导航长时间模拟测试中的星座轨道与实际卫星偏差逐渐变大的问题,分析并评估了已有的几种关于星座轨道外推的算法,研究了影响轨道外推的几个要素,提出了基于高精度积分器的星座轨道外推方法并进行了仿真分析。基于北斗多轨道混合星座模拟器的需要,给出了适用于混合星座的轨道外推设计,通过仿真确立了针对混合星座轨道的积分方法,开展了外推验证并与成熟商业星座仿真软件进行了对比分析。结果表明,在保证长时间连续仿真的前提下实现了针对卫星导航模拟器的高精度混合星座轨道外推,精度与STK软件仿真结果相当。     

高动态GPS信号模拟器卫星星历产生方法研究

星历产生是高动态GPS信号模拟器研制中一个很重要的组成部分,星历部分所提供的参数是否正确直接影 响到模拟器所能提供的仿真信号精度。在分析了GPS卫星导航电文结构的基础上,确定了部分参数在模拟器中的选取,实现 了电文子帧的校验算法及星钟误差的计算方法,并提出了建立在时间外推基础上的星历产生方法。     

集成多媒体功能的GPS方案

卫星定位概述 全球卫星导航的基本原理是：卫星发射导航电文,其中包括测距精度因子、开普勒参数、轨道摄动参数、卫星钟兰参数和大气传播迟延修正参数等。地面接收机根据码分多址CDMA或频分多址FDMA的特点区分各导航卫星,接收并识别相应的导航电文,测量发来信号的传播时间,利用导航电文中的一系列参数逐步计算出卫星的位置。     

印度卫星导航系统概述

详细介绍了印度GPS辅助GEO增强导航系统(GAGAN)和印度区域导航卫星系统(IRNSS系统)的星座组成、信号体制、导航电文、地面系统以及发展现状,分析了印度卫星导航系统的发展计划。相关内容对我国卫星导航系统的发展建设及应用具有重要的参考意义。     

GPS和Galileo导航电文设计分析

导航电文设计的优劣直接影响卫星导航定位的可靠性,该文以GPS和Galileo导航系统的导航电文设计为例,汇总了GPS和Galileo系统导航电文设计的最新成果,比较分析GPS传统的导航电文格式NAV和新的民用导航电文格式CNAV以及Galileo系统的导航电文,并对导航电文数据结构、编排方式、差错控制以及播发方式等方面的性能进行评估,进行导航电文的优化设计,以期为我国北斗导航系统的电文设计提供借鉴。     

一种组合星座定位的导航终端设计

提出了一种组合星座定位的导航终端设计。使用DSP作为控制和数据处理核心,既可以实现北斗二代导航卫星系统(COMPASS)以及全球定位系统(GPS)的单星座定位,又可以实现COMPASS和GPS组合星座定位。由于能够同时利用COMPASS系统和GPS系统,可用卫星数目大大增加。同时,单星座定位算法和组合星座的定位技术的解决,使得导航终端的定位精度和导航的连续性都得到提高。     

导航星座对高轨特定目标导航方法

针对当前各种高轨飞行器对导航需求日益增强的情况,提出一种导航星座对高轨特定目标飞行器进行导航的方法。该方法需要在导航星座卫星配备全数字相控阵天线与指向可调的高增益导航天线。相控阵天线接收目标飞行器发射的用于波达方向(DOA)估计的信号,并对该信号的DOA进行估计,使距飞行器较近的多个导航星座卫星估计得到飞行器相对于自身的相对方向。以该方向为基础,导航卫星可以调节自身的高增益导航天线并使其指向特定目标飞行器,发送导航电文信息,从而使导航星座自主实现对高轨目标飞行器的导航任务。假定导航卫星相控阵天线装配于卫星对天面上,以此为基础对同步轨道的目标飞行器同导航星座各卫星相控阵天线的可见性进行了仿真分析,并在目标可见的基础上对二维DOA估计精确度进行了计算,验证了方法的可行性。     

GPS中伪随机码生成原理的研究

目前,伪随机码在扩频通信中的应用非常广泛,这一技术也在卫星导航系统中得到了利用。在GPS中,导航卫星向用户发送的导航定位信号,就是利用伪随机码传送导航电文的调相信号。基于伪随机码的产生原理,详细论述了GPS中伪随机码的生成方法,并用MTALAB中的SIM-LINK工具箱对GPS中的伪随机序列的生成进行了仿真。此仿真方法简单直观,值得借鉴。     

车载GPS/北斗/DR组合导航系统研究

针对移动车辆的定位与导航问题,研究了GPS/北斗/DR组合导航算法.文中采用坐标系变换及增加状态变量法对不同卫星星座进行了时空统一,并在此基础上研究了GPS/北斗卫星组合导航算法;为了克服卫星定位存在的不连续性问题,提出了GPS/北斗卫星导航系统与低成本的航位推算系统组合导航方案,设计了GPS/北斗/DR组合导航滤波器...     

基于遗传算法的非静止轨道卫星分集星座优化设计方法

本文介绍了利用遗传算法优化设计非静止轨道卫星星座的方法——卫星星座遗传算法。由该算法设计出的星座具有卫星数量最少、最小最大卫星高度、卫星间最小相移，最大的轨道面夹角，最优卫星分集轨道倾角和最佳LEO、MEO星座参数。MEO、LEO、ICO和Globalstar星座的仿真结果表明：使用卫星星座遗传算法设计二重卫星分集，不但减少了卫星总数，且卫星分集可见度性能显著提高。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.