类 ? 型同频率高功率微波功率合成器的设计

利用基于波导结构的功率合成器来合成高功率微波,是提高窄带高功率微波源输出能力的一个有效方式。本文 设计了一种特殊的类? 型高功率微波合成器,该合成器可以用来合成X 波段同一个频率下的两束高功率微波。文中给出 了该合成器的设计方法及仿真结果,并且将该合成器结构与新型同轴双电子束高功率微波源[1]结合进行了粒子模拟,结果 表明,当加载的二极管电压为674kV,导引磁场为0.8T,内电子束电流为6.6kA,外电子束电流为14.3kA 时,该同轴双 电子束高功率微波源输出的两路微波经功率合成器合成以后输出了频率为9.74GHz,功率高达3.5GW 的微波。     

Demonstration of anisotropic composites with tuneable microwavepermeability manufactured from ferromagnetic thin films

Recently, we presented the microwave properties of laminated insulator ferromagnetic on the edge (LIFE) composites. For the fundamental mode propagating in a coaxial line, they exhibit large permeability and low permittivity. In this paper we investigate the properties of LIFE composites in the 0.1 to 18 GHz range when a static magnetic field is applied along the propagation direction. We show that the evolution of the resonance frequency with the external field can be described by conventional gyromagnetic resonance models. The effect of demagnetizing fields is analyzed. In particular, it is shown that LIFE materials exhibit comparatively low demagnetizing effects and large permeabilities. The evolution of the resonance linewidth with the external field is investigated. LIFE material may be used for a variety of microwave applications in a coaxial line or in a guide. In particular, we demonstrate a tuneable coaxial absorbing termination with peak attenuation frequency tuneable from 1.7 to 18 GHz with more than -15 dB maximum attenuation, and a switchable termination that can be either reflective or absorbing. The operation of a field-driven variable attenuator is also presented     

Energy Absorption from Small Radiating Coaxial Probes in Lossy Media

This paper describes the calculation of energy deposition around small open-ended coaxial antenna probes in lossy media. Two theoretical methods, a small monopole approximation (I) and an equivalent magnetic current source (II), are evaluated and compared. Method I is shown to be inappropriate for determining near field energy deposition. Power contour plots determined by method II in the vicinity of the open-ended coaxial antenna are presented as well as calculations of total power absorbed as a function of distance from the antenna center for various antenna dimensions and media dielectric properties. Our calculations of absorbed power distributions near the antenna are consistent with the limited experimental data which is available for comparison. A frequency of 2.45 GHz was selected for these calculations so that the results will be of value to workers interested in the application of own-ended coaxial antennas for invasive treatment of cancer by microwave hyperthermia.     

基于小周期永磁型错列波荡器的紧凑型XFEL装置设计

X射线自由电子激光(XFEL)装置具有规模庞大、造价高昂的缺点,因此XFEL装置小型化成为该领域一个重要的研究方向,减小波荡器周期是小型化XFEL装置的重要手段之一。小周期永磁型错列波荡器周期可做到10 mm,同时产生约0.8 T的峰值磁场,在小型化XFEL装置上具有潜在应用价值。本文将小周期永磁型错列应用到SASE型XFEL装置中,分析了纵向磁场对起振过程和辐射性能可能的影响,设计了一台辐射波长1 nm的SASE型XFEL装置并计算了其辐射性能,峰值功率约2.2 GW,单脉冲能量约2.4μJ。通过本文证明了小周期永磁型错列波荡器在缩减基于加速器光源规模上的作用。     

Influence of the magnetoelastic effect on the microwave magnetic properties of Fe-N thin films

The microwave permeability of nitrogen-doped iron films deposited on a flexible lavsan substrate has been experimentally investigated. The measurements were performed with the use of a coaxial transmission line. The coaxial samples were coiled from a flexible film in two different ways: with the deposited layer facing outward and with the deposited layer facing inward. It has been found that the measured frequency dependences of the permeability of the two samples strongly differ. A comparison is made between the microwave permeabilities measured in the coaxial transmission line and in a strip transmission line, in which planar samples were used. It is shown that investigation of the influence of the magnetoelastic effect on the magnetic properties at microwave frequencies can provide additional information on the magnetic structure of the material.     

On Undulator Radiation in Infrared and Millimeter Wave Ranges: Part 1—Classical Description

In this paper the results of theoretical and experimental research of the motion and radiation of low-voltage electron beams in Motz undulator are given. Constant magnetic field of undulator ordinary magnet under some conditions can be substituted for field of magnet dipole. Such substitution allows us to accurately integrate the electron trajectory. We can with the high accuracy consider this field as chaotic and this fact allow us to use well-known Ginsburg theory for estimation of power of braking radiation. There are longitudinal and transversal components of magnetic fields of described structure. The longitudinal component can be gained by covering of external longitudinal constant magnetic field. In this connection certain resonance effects are observed.     

Magnetic Field Pickup by Flexible Braid Coaxial Cables

Cabling systems have long been known to be a source of unwanted pickup of radio-frequency interference. A typical source of pickup occurs when the outer sheath of a coaxial cable system forms part of a ground return for potentially interfering electromagnetic energy. Another source of penetration arises from a magnetic field which is perpendicular to the axis of the coaxial cable. A previous study demonstrated that the field emanating from a coaxial cable could be characterized as an equivalent open-wire pair. This particular effect is caused by the eccentricity between the centers of the outer and the inner conductors or because of other asymmetrical characteristics. The susceptibility of a coaxial cabling system to perpendicular magnetic fields can also be characterized in terms of an equivalent open-wire pair for short runs. The purpose of this investigation was to measure the shielding effectiveness of a typical flexible braid coaxial cable to magnetic fields perpendicular to its axis and to demonstrate that a coaxial cable may be considered as an equivalent open-wire pair in a cylindrical shield. A test setup employed a parallel plane transmission line to generate a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the axis of the coaxial cable. The shielding effectiveness of the braid was measured for several classes of braid conditions. Then, using the same braid, a coaxial cable with an experimentally induced known eccentricity was employed and the overall pickup measured. The results confirmed the objectives of the investigation.     

Coaxial Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator and Coaxial Master Oscillator-Power Amplifier

A two and one half dimensional particle-in-cell code MAGIC has been used to investigate the nonlinear beam-wave interaction in a coaxial relativistic backward wave oscillator(RBWO) and optimize the dependence of the output power on electron beam nature parameter, slow wave structure geometry and magnetic guide field. The optimum conditions for the coaxial RBWO were obtained. The simulation results show: the coaxial RBWO can generate 3.2GW peak output power at 10.2GHz in the TM₀₂ made when an annular electron beam of 20KA is accelerated across a diode potential of 600KV and guided through a section of uniform coaxial corrugated waveguide by an axial magnetic field of 25KG, the peak efficiency is about 27% . A novel coaxial master oscillator–power amplifier was presented in this paper.     

Undulator design for synchrotron radiation sources using simulatedannealing

Simulated annealing provides an algorithm for arranging measured wiggler field errors to minimize a “cost function” characterizing errors in electron trajectories and other aspects of magnetic field quality. Rocketdyne has most recently demonstrated the efficacy of this approach in the design and fabrication of a pure permanent magnet prototype small-gap undulator for BNL. The cost functions developed for this purpose are derived and the results presented     

Exact principal mode field for a lossy coaxial line

Exact field equations for a lossy coaxial transmission line with an infinite outer conductor are presented. The corresponding determinantal equation is solved to obtain an exact propagation constant from which errors in the usual microwave approximation and an alternative full frequency range approximation are calculated. The calculations show that the microwave approximation, although containing a large relative error at the lower frequencies, is still useful in practical applications     

微波源中同轴提取区支撑杆的理论分析与设计

同轴提取区支撑杆的设计是MILO等同轴提取型高功率微波源设计的重要环节。本文根据场匹配原理导出了具有支撑杆的同轴提取区系统的传输方程和散射矩阵，并对同轴提取区各部分的微波模式进行了理论分析。对给定参数下的同轴提取区系统的散射矩阵参数进行数值计算，进而得到各微波模式系数，并对支撑杆进行了设计和参数优化。理论分析和数值计算都得出同样结论：对一定频率的微波来说，若同轴波导中第一个截止模式是Hn1则应选择n根支撑杆。这种支撑杆对TEM波的传播几乎无影响，可使微波源的束波互作用区及微波模式转换器和辐射器免受非旋转对称模式的影响。     

仿真软件在微波技术教学中的应用

本文以微波负载单支节匹配和时域反射仪为例,以同轴线为传输线,建立几何模型,用软件数值仿真,分别从频域和时域研究同轴线传输特性参数,目的是借助仿真软件理解微波传输物理量在频域和时域中不同的表现形式,用可视化的仿真结果帮助理解物理内涵,同时把仿真软件结合实际应用,以此提高学生在电磁场和微波技术中工程应用方面的能力。     

Open-ended coaxial exposure device for applying RF/microwave fieldsto very small biological preparations

An easily fabricated open-ended coaxial exposure device for applying radiofrequency/microwave energy to very small biological preparations is described. The device utilizes the fringing fields of a coaxial cable opening into a ground plane. Operation of the device is easily integrated into standard laboratory procedures in order to: observe a biological specimen; monitor temperature; regulate temperature, pH, and pO₂; and record cellular membrane potentials. The electromagnetic field configuration of the device leads to elimination of detectable interaction with microelectrodes. Measured patterns of electric field and specific absorption rate are given for a device built with quarter-inch semirigid coaxial cable and operating at 2450 MHz. Comparison is made to previous exposure devices for small biological preparations. The particular advantages of the open-ended coaxial exposure device over previous devices are the easy access to the preparation during exposure and the minimal, if any, coupling RF/microwave fields to microelectrodes used in electrophysiological studies     

Radiation from a dielectric coated hemispherical conductor fed by acoaxial transmission line

A dielectric-coated hemispherical conductor mounted on an infinite perfectly conducting ground plane and fed by a coaxial transmission line is investigated. Green's functions for the region above the ground line are derived with separated homogeneous and particular solution parts so as to be compatible with numerical analysis techniques. A magnetic field integral equation is constructed in terms of the unknown annular aperture tangential electric field and is solved by the method of moments. A comparison of the characteristics of the dielectric-coated hemispherical conductor and a flush-mounted coaxial line to an infinite homogeneous region above the ground plane is presented with respected to the tangential aperture electric field, with respect to the tangential aperture electric field, the coaxial line apparent input impedance, and the far radiated field     

Cherenkov radiation in a plasma-filled coaxial cylindrical dielectric slow-wave structure

In this paper, a new type of plasma-filled coaxial cylindrical dielectric slow-wave structure that is very beneficial to the beam-wave interaction of the high-power microwave source is developed. The Cherenkov radiation in the plasma-filled coaxial cylindrical dielectric slow-wave structure is examined by use of the self-consistent linear field theory. The dispersion equation and the synchronized condition as well as the wave growth rate of the beam-wave interaction are derived. The dispersion equation clearly shows that the Cherenkov radiation excited in the plasma-filled coaxial cylindrical dielectric slow-wave structure results from the coupling between the slow electromagnetic wave, TM-modes, propagated along the slow-wave structure and the negative-energy space-charge wave propagated along the relativistic electron beam. The numerical results indicate that the dispersion curves are divided into two branches due to the presence of the background plasma in the coaxial cylindrical dielectric slow-wave structure for the identical electromagnetic wave mode, and the radial distributions of the longitudinal fluctuating electric field corresponding to the two dispersion curve branches are completely different. Injection of the background plasma into the slow-wave structure can enhance the output frequency and the wave growth rate of the beam-wave interaction and enables the high-power microwave source that utilizes this kind of slow-wave structure to gain more output power of the microwave with higher output frequency.     

Influence of a step-tapered undulator field on the optical pulseshape of a far-infrared free-electron laser

The optical output of the free-electron laser for infrared experiments (FELIX), which operates in the regime of strong slippage, consists of picosecond pulses. Depending on the amount of cavity desynchronization, the optical pulse can develop substantial structure in the form of multiple subpulses. We present second-order autocorrelation measurements of the subpulses at several far-infrared wavelengths while applying a step-taper in the undulator field. The operation with a step-tapered undulator prevents the electrons from reabsorbing the optical field energy, leading to a smooth optical pulse. For different settings of the undulator the measured pulse shape and corresponding power spectrum are discussed. It is possible without decreasing the small-signal gain to produce a smooth high-power optical pulse during the whole saturated part of the machine pulse in an FEL oscillator with a reverse-step tapered undulator     

微波分离场加热焊锡膏的实验研究

微波加热作为一种快速、高效、清洁的加热方式,在材料处理领域得到了广泛应用。本文结合金属粉末的微波耗散机理,分析了焊锡膏在微波电场及磁场中的加热特性,通过实验研究了焊锡膏电路在微波电场、微波磁场中的加热效果。实验结果表明,微波电场和微波磁场均可快速加热焊锡膏,但高强度的微波电场容易激发等离子体,灼伤基板;而微波磁场则选择性地加热焊锡膏,实现快速加热融化焊点的同时保持基板在较低温度。通过对比微波磁场快速融化的焊点与传统方式加热融化焊点的微观结构,发现微波磁场快速加热融化的焊点具有极薄的金属间化合物厚度,有利于提高焊点强度。该研究为柔性等塑料基电路的焊接提供了一种良好的解决方案。     

The Magnetic Field Distributions and Beam Propagation Properties of the Hybrid Coaxial Wiggler

In this paper a novel coaxial wiggler, the hybrid coaxial wiggler, is proposed. The analytical formula for magnetic field of the wiggler is derived, and the beam propagation properties are investigated numerically. The results show that the hybrid coaxial wiggler is scalable to small periods with high field amplitude, high beam current acceptance, and excellent transverse focusing properties.