Cavity Model for the Slot Radiation of an Enclosure Excited by Printed Circuit Board Traces With Different Loads

Traces on a printed circuit board (PCB) couple to the cavity consisting of the PCB ground plane and a metallic enclosure cover. We introduce this common-mode coupling of a PCB trace to the cavity field by an analytical model that is verified with 3-D simulations using HFSS. The cavity field causes radiated emission from the slots of the cavity. For an accurate calculation of the cavity field inside the enclosure and the radiated emission, we consider the radiation loss by a multiport approach. Comparisons of the analytical results for the radiated field to measurements show good agreement. Radiated emission can be calculated for arbitrary geometric enclosure shapes as a function of frequency, position of the trace on the PCB, and trace load/driver impedances.      

Accuracy of microwave cavity perturbation measurements

Techniques based on the perturbation of cavity resonators are commonly used to measure the permittivity and permeability of samples of dielectric and ferrite materials at microwave frequencies. They are also used to measure the local electric- and magnetic-field strengths in microwave structures including the shunt impedances of cavity resonators and the coupling impedances of slow-wave structures. This paper reexamines the assumptions made in the theory of these techniques and provides estimates of the errors of measurement arising from them     

TM020模多注速调管圆柱谐振腔的仿真设计

根据微波电磁场理论设计了工作于L波段的TM020模圆柱谐振腔,由模式场分布图结合数学方法确定出漂移管在谐振腔中的位置,利用三维电磁场仿真软件Isfel3D对空腔及腔体加漂移管后进行仿真,得到了加漂移管前后谐振腔的特征参数和模式场分布图,同时将模TM020与基模TM010进行比较,证明工作于TM020模式的谐振腔可以增大谐振腔的体积,减小阴极负载,提高谐振腔的功率容量.     

微波脉冲与带缝非金属腔耦合的数值模拟研究

应用时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟计算了微波脉冲与带缝非金属腔体的线性耦合过程.在正弦波凋制的高斯脉冲源激励下,分析了耦合场在腔体内的分布情况,总结了相对介电常数、腔壁厚度、孔缝尺寸等因数对耦合特性影响的基本规律.结果表明:在入射电场方向腔体中心轴线上的耦合场基本保持不变,垂直于入射电场截面上耦合场关于截画中心点呈对称分布;耦合进腔体的能量随厚度的增加和介电常数的增大而减小,但介电常数的影响更加明显,且随孔缝面积的增大而增大,面积一定时,随纵横比的增大而增大;孔缝中心处的电场耦合系数峰值随介电常数的增大呈近似线性下降,而腔体中心处呈振荡减小,在相对介电常数为6左右电场时域峰值达到最大;腔体内耦合磁场的变化规律与电场的类似.     

具有圆柱内导体的屏蔽矩形板线的阻抗问题

本文提出用镜象法导出具有圆柱形内丑化的各种电（磁）壁屏蔽矩形板线的特性阻抗公式；并给出四各屏蔽矩形板线特性阻抗的近似公式。用这两种方法计算出的特性阻抗和用有限地法软件（Ａｎｓｏｆｔ）计算结果或用其他方法算出的结果作了多种比较，相互频为一致本文还提出了用镜象法推广到多层体屏蔽矩形板线的情况，计算出多导体的模阻抗、耦合阻抗，从而得到自电容和耦合电容的表示式，其结果和Ａｎｓｏｆｔ的静电场软件计算出的电容     

适用于Ka波段圆形电子注行波管的半圆形卷绕微带线慢波结构

提出了一种基于开槽介质基底的卷绕微带线慢波结构.由于金属曲折微带线印制在介质基底的半圆形槽中,这种卷绕微带线慢波结构非常适合圆形电子注行波管,从而使得采用这种新型慢波结构的行波管可以利用传统的周期永磁磁场进行聚焦.文章对提出的卷绕微带线慢波结构的色散特性,耦合阻抗,传输特性及注-波互作用进行了分析.和传统的平面微带线慢波结构相比,提出的卷绕微带线慢波结构具有更低的相速、更弱的色散和更高的耦合阻抗,从而使得其适合于低电压、宽频带、小型化的毫米波行波管.将同步电压及直流电流分别设置为6 550 V及0.1 A的情况下,基于该卷绕微带线慢波结构的Ka波段行波管在35 GHz处能够输出42.32 W的功率,对应增益为26.26 dB,且均匀聚焦磁场只需0.4 T.     

INPUT COUPLER FOR Ka BAND TE021 CIRCULAR ELECTRIC MODE OPERATION IN A GYROKLYSTRON AMPLIFIER

An input coupler for the TE021 circular electric mode in a gyroklystron amplifier through using TEs11 as a transition coupling mode in a coaxial cavity has been proposed and numerically simulated in a frequency range of Ka-Band with HFSS code. The coupling efficiency of the TE021 mode and the suppression for the TE811 mode in the main cylindrical cavity are deliberately considered by adjusting the position and size of coupling holes as well as the radius of the drift tubes. The numerical results show that the TE021 mode can successfully be excited, and rational coupling efficiency and high mode purity for the TE021 mode in the cylindrical cavity can be reached for the engineering application of gyroklystron amplifier study.     

Properties of ring-plane slow-wave circuits

Ring-plane circuits consist of circular rings or slotted pipes supported by one or more radial planes. These circuits propagate slow waves(v_{p} < c)in one or more modes, with velocity and impedance governed primarily by the ring or slot resonances much as on planar ladders. The multimode behavior depends very much on the mutual coupling near the radial planes. Tests of many variations about a prototype configuration are presented, including methods for suppression of unwanted modes. The results are given in terms of ω -- β diagrams, field shapes and impedances. The study presents essentially all parameters necessary for design of circuits for traveling-wave amplifiers and backward-wave oscillators, as well as information useful in other applications, such as linear accelerators. Ring-plane circuits are of large diameter(ka ge 1), are quite fast(v_{p}/clarge) and have relatively large impedances. The radial support planes provide good heat conduction paths, allowing for high average power capability. These properties make these circuits well suited for use in high-power, high-frequency traveling-wave tubes.     

超低副瓣偶极子相控阵互耦的研究＊

本文首次提出了从网络定义出发求偶极子阵列天线单元间互阻抗的方法,然后提出了用互阻抗矩阵来补偿单元间互耦的方法。计算结果表明:在扫描角不太大的情形下,用本文提出的互耦补偿方法是有效的。并在此基础上讨论了互耦对单元上电流分布规律的影响以及对副瓣电平的影响,为实现超低副瓣相控阵提供了详细的分析依据。     

Reducing the mutual coupling effect in adaptive nulling using are-defined mutual impedance

The effect of mutual coupling in an adaptive antenna array for the nulling of interferences is investigated. The concept of mutual impedance is re-defined to take into account of the scattering effect due to the other antenna elements in the array. The re-defined mutual impedances are used to reduce the mutual coupling effect by calculating the open-circuit voltages from the measured voltages on the antenna terminals. Results show that by using the re-defined mutual impedances, substantial improvements in term of the depths and the accuracy of the nulls can be obtained over a previous method     

On the Theory of Strongly Coupled Cavity Chains

A chain of identical cavity resonators coupled together through slots in their common walls forms a band-pass microwave filter. The pass band characteristics of such a system are determined by a combination of field theory and circuit theory. The fields in the cavities are expressed in terms of the normal modes of the uncoupled cavities. The fields in the neighborhood of a slot are determined by representing the slot as a transmission line. Irrotational components of the field in the cavities account for direct slot-to-slot coupling. The method successfully predicts both the dispersion characteristics and field distributions over large frequency ranges for many practical systems, such as slow-wave circuits for high-power traveling-wave tubes.     

Symbolic solution of the multiconductor transmission-line equationsfor lines containing shielded wires

The multiconductor transmission line equations that characterize crosstalk in a multiconductor transmission line containing a shielded wire are solved in symbolic form, that is, the resulting crosstalk voltages are determined in terms of symbols rather than numerical values. The resulting solutions show the frequency range for which the widely used, low-frequency, inductive-capacitive coupling model is a valid representation. The solution shows that the inductive-capacitive coupling model is an adequate characterization of crosstalk for lines that are electrically short and whose termination impedances do not differ substantially from the characteristic impedances of the lines that are involved. For lines whose termination impedances differ drastically from the line characteristic impedances, the inductive-capacitive coupling model is valid only for frequencies where the line is extremely short, electrically. For higher frequencies of excitation, the model may give predictions that are substantially below the true crosstalk even for frequencies where the line is electrically short     

矩形π-TM310 双间隙腔加载同轴滤波器型宽带输出电路研究

本文提出了矩形π-TM310 双间隙腔加载同轴滤波器型宽带输出电路,并对其可行性进行了论证,对高次模双间隙腔中非工作模式的干扰程度和同轴线输出电路的功率容限等重要问题做了定量分析。我们通过调整矩形双间隙腔的长宽比例并采用凹入结构,明显扩大了π-TM310模与相邻非工作模的频率间隔,有效抑制了非工作模式的干扰;又采用了非常规的电子注孔布局,使各个电子注孔的特性阻抗更均匀,而且在加载同轴滤波器之后仍然很均匀。研究结果表明,经过优化设计的矩形π-TM310 双间隙腔加载同轴滤波器型输出电路具有很宽的输出频带,在X波段相对带宽达到14%左右。但由于π模双间隙腔与同轴线的耦合口较小,而且该处还有短路销钉,导致其输出功率容限较低,约为几百kW。因此,该类输出电路比较适合于X波段或更高频段的中功率宽带多注速调管。     

VFTO 空间场对腔体耦合试验研究*

采用基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)的电磁仿真软件,建立了在VFTO空间辐射场下的二次设备外壳仿真模型,分析了该外壳内不同开孔及孔阵部位耦合场特性。然后通过现场测试,研究了在1000k V GIS变电站中,VFTO空间场辐射下的二次设备内耦合场特性。结果表明:二次设备外壳上的孔阵及缝隙阵对VFTO空间场辐射有明显的抑制作用,且耦合场在腔体内的持续时间要明显大于VFTO空间场在自由空间中的持续时间;二次设备内的PCB板对腔体内的耦合场有一定的抑制作用,因而当腔体内存在PCB时,腔体内耦合场幅值将比空腔时要小,同时由于介质板对高频振荡的抑制作用,耦合场的持续振荡时间也会有所缩短,且发现腔体内的PCB会改变原有空腔内耦合场的主频分布。     

The resonance method for evaluating the impedances of theequivalent network for dielectric posts in a rectangular waveguide

The resonance method is applied to evaluate the impedances of the equivalent network for dielectric posts symmetrically located about a reference plane in a rectangular waveguide. Explicit relationships for the impedances of the equivalent lattice network of the posts in a rectangular waveguide are given in terms of the resonant frequencies of the rectangular cavity constructed by short-circuiting the waveguide at equal distances from the reference plane. A perturbational analysis is carried out to determine the resonant frequencies for a rectangular cavity loaded with slightly lossy circular posts whose largest cross-sectional dimensions are small compared with the wavelength. Sample numerical results for a single loss-free dielectric post illustrating the application of the derived expressions are given     

Coupling model and impedance calculation of the steel ground loops with proximity effect

This paper focuses on the coupling model and the coupling impedances between two circuits with a common ground of a steel plane. By adopting a two-dimensional (2-D) electromagnetic model, the influence of the skin and the proximity effects are considered. In the case of a strong proximity effect due to the exterior wires, the distribution of the electromagnetic field inside and outside a steel plane is analyzed, and an equivalent coupling circuit model of two circuits with a common steel plane is built. The analytical solution of the coupling impedances and its frequency characteristics are calculated based on the proposed model. The solution is validated by the numerical solutions and the measurement results in the frequency range of 40 Hz-15 M Hz. The influence of the proximity due to nearby wires is severe in high-frequency situations, and the internal impedance of the steel plane changes up to 100 times compared to that of the isolated steel plane.     

核电磁脉冲与开孔金属腔体耦合特性研究

利用基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)的电磁仿真软件XFDTD,研究了核电磁脉冲与开孔腔体的耦合规律。分析了不同极化方向的核电磁脉冲入射时,矩形孔洞长宽比对耦合特性的影响;讨论了核电磁脉冲照射下,腔体谐振和孔缝与腔体的耦合谐振现象;给出了腔体内部电场分布的截面图,讨论了核电磁脉冲入射时腔体内外电场的空间分布情况。研究结果表明:当核电磁脉冲的极化方向与开孔矩形短边平行时,耦合的电场强度比正方形开孔时的要大,且长宽比越大,耦合的电场强度越大;当核电磁脉冲的极化方向与开孔矩形长边平行时,耦合的电场强度比正方形开孔时的小,且长宽比越大,耦合的电场强度越小。极化方向与矩形开孔短边平行时,腔体内产生了腔体谐振和孔缝与腔体的耦合谐振,开孔尺寸的变化会引起谐振频率的偏移;极化方向平行于长边时无明显电磁谐振发生。核电磁脉冲对屏蔽体内的影响主要局限于开孔附近。     

场频率变化对辐射场与原子间耦合系数的影响

对二能级原子与单模辐射场相互作用系统的哈密顿量进行分析,找出光场与原子之间耦合系数与光场频率及谐振腔体积之间的关系。通过利用谐振腔的腔镜振动机制,研究了腔镜振动对光场模式及对腔体积的影响,最终找出辐射场与原子之间耦合系数与场频变化之间的关系。     

非简并双光子Tavis-Cummings模型中的纠缠演化

研究了两对非相互作用、空间分离的原子在双模腔场作用下的三体和两体纠缠动力学行为。对非简并双光子Tavis-Cummings模型进行了研究,通过数值计算分析了纠缠初始状态、原子与腔场以及光纤模与腔场的耦合强度对纠缠的影响。结果表明:纠缠初始状态对原子间的纠缠有显著影响;较大的场和光纤模的耦合强度可以实现原子与原子间最大纠缠的转移;较大的原子与腔场耦合强度有助于两原子与腔场构成三体纠缠。     

Screening efficiency of triaxial cables with optimum braidedshields

An investigation into the shielding effectiveness of triaxial cables employing wire shields with optimum braid constructions is described. Several triaxial configurations with different braid designs for inner and outer cables were simulated. It is shown that crosstalk performance of the triaxial cables are affected by both absolute values and polarities of the surface transfer impedances of the shields. The effect of electric field coupling on the overall crosstalk within the triaxial system has also been studied in both frequency and time domains. For triaxial cables with shorted braids, the effects of electric field coupling are limited to high frequencies, and their effects at low frequencies are small