胡萝卜、杏复合饮料研制及其稳定性

本实验通过四因素四水平正交实验,确定胡萝卜、杏复合果蔬汁饮料的基本配方为:蔗糖5％,柠檬酸0．15％,胡萝卜与杏的比例为2:1,蜂蜜用量2．0％。通过对不同乳化增稠剂的单因素实验和复合实验,确定乳化增稠剂最佳用量为:0．06％果胶 0．03％魔芋胶 0．06％黄原胶。     

海藻酸钠对可食性蔬菜纸质构的影响

该文研究了海藻酸钠、CMC—Na、琼脂3种增稠剂对胡萝卜纸的影响,经过复合三种增稠剂对胡萝卜的研制进行了探讨。通过正交试验得最佳配方为：胡萝卜100％,海藻酸钠0．8％,CMC—Na为0．5％,琼脂0．4％,甘油2．5％。     

西番莲复合果蔬汁饮料及其稳定性研究

以西番莲、西瓜、西红柿原汁复合并用胡萝卜原汁调色，通过正交试验设计筛选出不添加色素、香精的最佳复配配比为：西番莲汁5％、西瓜汁12％、西红柿汁5％、胡萝卜汁3％、糖4％；同时添加0．1％琼脂和0．25％CMC—Na作为增稠剂可制得色泽、风味及稳定性最佳的复合饮料。     

低糖红枣复合果酱的研制

以红枣、山楂、胡萝卜为原料，对红枣复合果酱的辅料配方及凝胶效果进行了研究，结果表明低糖红枣复合最适辅料配方为蔗糖13％、蛋白糖0．05％、柠檬酸0．7％、黄原胶0．4％。     

胡萝卜山楂复合果肉饮料加工工艺及稳定性研究

以胡萝卜和山楂为主要原料,采用正交试验和感官评价确定饮料的加工工艺和最佳配方为:饮料的原料配比为复合浆含量60%(胡萝卜与山楂体积比为3∶7),总糖12%,酸度0.2%;复合稳定剂的配比为:藻酸丙二醇酯0.3%、CMC-Na 0.1%、黄原胶0.1%;最佳均质条件为压力23～27 MPa,温度50～60 ℃.     

胡萝卜素草莓复合果肉饮料的研制

经对胡萝卜－草莓复合果肉饮料生产工艺的系统分析研究，重点解决了产品的悬浮稳定性问题。复合果浆经均质要微粒化处理并加入0．15％CMC和0．1％PGA复合增稠剂，对此产品的稳定效果最佳。     

不同稳定剂对混浊山楂复合汁稳定性的影响

用山楂、胡萝卜、番茄等果蔬原料制成混浊山楂复合汁,加入黄原胶（ＸＧ）、琼脂、羧甲基纤维素钠（ＣＭＣ）、海藻酸钠等增稠剂后,贮存及观察结果表明：复合汁中含有０．０５％ＸＧ和０．０５％ＣＭＣ,在高于零度的低温下贮存时,产品最为稳定。     

复合蜾味酸奶的研制

应用正交试验设计，以牛奶为主料，与适当胡萝卡浆、山楂浆、苹果汁混合调配，经乳酸菌发酵，筛选出复合果味酸奶的工艺及配方。实验结果表明：以鹇优质牛奶为原料，加入５％的胡萝卜浆、８％的山楂浆、１％苹果汁、８％的白砂糖、０．０５％的单甘酯及０．０５％的卡拉胶，经搅拌混合后，在５０℃下过胶体磨，９０℃～９５℃杀菌２０ｍｉｎ，冷却至４２℃～４５℃，按５％～６％的比例加入发酵剂。置于恒温培养箱，在４２℃～４５℃     

葡萄胡萝卜复合果蔬汁饮料的研制

选用葡萄、胡萝卜为主要原料,研制复合果蔬汁饮料,进行了配方工艺优化研究。通过正交试验确定了葡萄胡萝卜复合果蔬汁的最佳配方为：砂糖10％,葡萄胡萝卜混合汁20％,柠檬酸0．1％。使用混合稳定剂,参数为黄原胶0．4g／L、羧甲基纤维素0．6g／L、海藻酸钠0．8g／L,稳定效果较好。     

低糖柚子皮菠萝复合果酱的工艺研究

以柚子皮、菠萝为原料,辅之以白砂糖和增稠剂等配料,不添加任何防腐剂、香精、色素,采用合理的制作工艺,通过单因素与正交试验,确定了果酱的最佳工艺配方,即：柚子皮浆与菠萝果肉浆的复合比例为60：40（w：w）,加糖量为35％,柠檬酸0．5％,黄原胶为0．4％。制成的果酱色泽自然,风味宜人、果酱胶凝稳定性好;此外,可溶性固形物含量仅为为35％,是一种能量低,具有营养保健功能的低糖食品,具有一定的市场潜力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the