共查询到13条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
超高压(Ultra-high pressure,HPP)会造成鲜切马铃薯硬度的下降,为探究氯化钙对HPP处理的鲜切马铃薯硬度的改善效果,以鲜切马铃薯为原料,在不同氯化钙处理浓度、时间和浸泡方式下对HPP处理的鲜切马铃薯硬度的变化进行研究。结果表明:氯化钙真空浸渍硬度改善效果优于普通浸泡;在此基础上,采用响应面试验对氯化钙的改善效果进行优化分析得出不同浓度氯化钙及不同真空浸渍时间与不同超高压压力、压力作用时间作用于鲜切马铃薯是交互影响的,且氯化钙溶液浓度对鲜切马铃薯的质地影响最大。在HPP压力为300 MPa,作用时间10 min结合1.0%CaCl2,真空浸渍10 min 的处理条件下,鲜切马铃薯硬度值最大,为3284.83g,与未处理的鲜切马铃薯硬度相当,钙离子含量最高,为3157.82 ug/g,显著高于未处理组钙离子含量。 相似文献
2.
目的建立一种快速、准确鉴别市售马铃薯淀粉掺伪的方法。方法将红薯、玉米及小麦淀粉按不同比例加入纯马铃薯淀粉中,通过X-射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)对样品进行结晶结构分析,并结合扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)进行微观形貌观察。结果利用结晶类型差异,XRD可初步判别马铃薯淀粉样品是否掺入上述3种淀粉,进一步采用SEM可观察到含量1%的掺伪淀粉并对其种类进行区分。在市售12批次马铃薯淀粉中的7批次中发现存在掺伪现象,其中2批次利用扫描电镜未观察到马铃薯淀粉(小于1%)。结论市售马铃薯淀粉掺伪现象严重,利用X-射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜可快速、准确地鉴别马铃薯淀粉掺伪情况。 相似文献
3.
采用真空冷冻干燥技术制备马铃薯雪花全粉,对真空冷冻干燥马铃薯雪花全粉进行扫描电镜、X射线衍射、热特性及复水性分析。结果表明,真空冷冻干燥马铃薯雪花全粉的最佳参数为:升华干燥真空度100 Pa、升华干燥温度76℃、解析干燥真空度70 Pa、解析干燥温度45℃、装料量7.5 kg/m2,冻干速率11.362 3%/h。扫描电镜观察真空冷冻干燥马铃薯雪花全粉其颗粒均一; X射线衍射表明真空冷冻干燥工艺可减少结构破坏;热特性表明真空冷冻干燥马铃薯雪花全粉热稳定性较好,糊化度低,复水性较好,为即食马铃薯泥等产品开发提供依据。 相似文献
4.
以X-射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)研究马铃薯蛋糕在贮藏期间(1、24、72、120、168 h)的老化特性,并利用质构仪和色差研究了老化对蛋糕品质(质构、色差)的影响。结果表明,蛋糕贮藏1 h后,在X-射线2θ12.5°和20°附近出现衍射峰,分别对应于禾谷类淀粉的无定形峰和由直链淀粉与脂肪酸形成的螺旋形复合物——V-型结晶,当贮藏时间达到120 h时,在2θ17°附近出现由支链淀粉回生产生的B-型结晶。FT-IR在波数925、995、1 025、1 047、1 079、1 155和1 243 cm-1附近出现吸收峰,1 025和1 047 cm-1附近的吸收峰分别对应淀粉的非结晶区特征和结晶区特征,(1 047/1 025) cm-1峰强度比值能够反映淀粉分子的有序程度,其比值越大,有序度越高。马铃薯蛋糕在贮藏期间的X-射线衍射峰和红外吸收峰强度以及(1 047/1 025) cm-1比值均小于普通蛋糕,表明其老化速度慢于普通蛋糕。老化会导致蛋糕硬度、咀嚼性、胶着性、a*和b*值增加,黏聚性和L*值降低,从而使蛋糕失去光泽、口感变粗糙、风味发生劣变。 相似文献
5.
本文研究了真空和钙离子对白鲢鱼糜胶凝特性的影响,以期为高品质鱼糜制品的加工提供理论依据。结果如下:随着钙离子浓度增加,常压斩拌的鱼糜凝胶的破断力呈现出先增大后减小、然后增大再减小的趋势,两个峰值对应的浓度分别为20 mmol/kg和40 mmol/kg;蛋白的交联程度逐渐从18.08%增加到30.98%,在钙离子浓度高于30 mmol/kg后逐渐降低并达到最小值14.54%;微观结构从无特征性结构转变为连续的网络结构、再转变为分散的聚集体。真空条件下,鱼糜凝胶特性值(破断力、和蛋白交联度)和微观结构随钙离子浓度变化的趋势与常压条件下相同,但是峰值或转变点所对应的钙离子浓度均低10 mmol/kg。真空和常压条件下,持水性随着钙离子浓度增加均逐渐从80.74%和82.27%分别降低到62.09%和67.23%,白度值逐渐从79.11和79.10分别增加到83.80和83.15。结果表明,真空具有降低钙离子影响鱼糜胶凝特性\"效应浓度\"的作用。 相似文献
6.
R. C. Agu J. S. Swanston J. W. Walker S. Y. Pearson T. A. Bringhurst J. M. Brosnan F. R. Jack 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2009,115(3):183-190
The work reported in this paper showed that whilst grain nitrogen is a key player in determining the alcohol yield obtained from soft winter wheat, other parameters such as grain hardness may also be important. A strong positive correlation was found between grain hardness and grain nitrogen and both parameters affected alcohol yield of processed wheat in a similar way. Although an inverse relationship between alcohol yield and grain nitrogen was observed at each of four growing sites, this relationship was stronger for wheat grown at moderate nitrogen sites than at higher or lower nitrogen sites. A similar inverse relationship, comparable to that obtained for nitrogen, was also found between alcohol yield and grain hardness. Further statistical analysis showed that an improved prediction of alcohol yield can be obtained based on measures of both hardness and total nitrogen, as opposed to total nitrogen alone. Residue viscosity did not appear to directly influence alcohol yield. However, some correlation was observed between both grain nitrogen and hardness and residue viscosity at certain sites. While correlation between nitrogen and residue viscosity was observed at the site with the highest nitrogen content, correlation between hardness and residue viscosity was observed at the two sites where nitrogen content was highest. Finally, scanning electron microscopy revealed that very high protein content was found to result in deformation of the starch structure, limiting access of starch during processing and lowering alcohol yield. 相似文献
7.
This study aimed to determine the ability of bacterial isolated from rhizosphere of potato plants in producing exopolysaccharide and growth stimulating substances such as Indole Acetic Acid (IAA).The soil samples were taken from three different land of slopes at elevation >1500 m above sea level at Malino,South Sulawesi. However, only 34 isolates formed a thick slime or mucoid when cultured onMacConcey medium.The ability of exopolysaccharide isolated bacterial in producing IAA was assayed in the presence of L-Tryptofan asa precursor.The result revealed that these 34 isolates were be able to produce IAA in range of 0.40 to 21.14 mg/L An isolate coded P2.67 was the most potential bacterium to produce IAA (21.14 ppm) followed by P2.56 (17.36 ppm), P3.42 (12.21 ppm), and P3.70 (9.21 ppm). 相似文献
8.
将奶粉溶于超纯水中,经超声、离心、真空冷冻干燥提取奶粉中无机成分富含物,再经X射线粉末衍射(Xray powder diffraction,XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱法对其进行定性鉴别分析;于空白奶粉样品中加入不同浓度的针状纳米羟基磷灰石标准品,经与样品相同处理后进行XRD分析,利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electrons microscopy, SEM)、透射电子显微镜—能谱仪(Transmission electron microscopy-energy spectrometer,TEM-EDS)对样品及加标样品中提取成分进行了形貌和纳米尺寸表征。结果表明,加标样品XRD检测中确定含有羟基磷灰石成分,电镜下能观察到纳米尺寸的针状羟基磷灰石,因此验证了此方法检测纳米羟基磷灰石的可行性;5种样品中1种样品含有羟基磷灰石,并含有未知结构的类似于球状的纳米成分(元素组成为碳、氧、磷、氯),3种样品含有晶体状的方解石,1种样品不含有晶体状羟基磷灰石。 相似文献
9.
Marco Ulbrich Fanni Scholz Burga Braun Robert Bussert Eckhard Flöter 《Starch - St?rke》2023,75(1-2):2200138
Aqueous gels based on two high amylose corn starch (HACS) genotypes with different amylose (AM) contents (HYLON V [HACS-50] and HYLON VII [HACS-70]) are prepared by gradation of the polymer concentration (6 and 9% w/w) and storage duration (1 and 14 days). The supermolecular structure of the wet gels is investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and the dried starch gel material examines crystallographically using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and morphologically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In particular CLSM reveals that the gel structure shows changes with the storage time. XRD experiments reveal the existence of the B-type crystalline structure as well as a remarkable portion of the V-type, and higher crystallinity (Xc) is found after long-term storage. Observation of the dried gel material's surface facilitates the assumption of a fractal-based arrangement (structure of retrograded starch) within the starch gel network. The results are discussed closely with obtained data related to the molecular level of the gel matrix involved starch polymers, which are reported in previous publications. 相似文献
10.
Xian-Feng Du Shi-Ying Xu & Zhang Wang 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2002,37(6):697-701
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi starch and its components were characterized. Scanning electron microscopy of the starch granules showed they were oval and polygonal in shape. Centric birefringence was clearly observed when viewed under polarized light. The gelatinization temperature range was 61–64–70.5 °C. The iodine affinity value (4.12%) indicated an amylose content of 21.68%. Brabender amylograms showed a fairly high maximum viscosity and very low breakdown, indicating high hot stability of the viscosity. The starch underwent a single-stage swelling power pattern over one temperature range, and the solubility pattern paralleled the swelling power. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the starch showed a Ca-type crystallite. The gel chromatogram of the starch demonstrated the polydispersity of its molecular weight distribution. 相似文献
11.
A novel technique, using an X‐ray micro‐computed tomography system (X‐ray micro‐CT system) has been developed for visualization of the two‐ (2‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) ice crystal structures formed during freezing. The system reconstructs all 3‐D images based on a set of 2‐D images obtained by multiple slicing of an X‐ray shadow image. This study demonstrates the capability of the technique to characterize the ice crystal microstructure of mycoprotein products after freezing. Results are presented for the 2‐D ice crystals formed within mycoprotein frozen at different rates. The method requires freeze‐drying of the sample to remove frozen water before scanning to indicate ice crystal and internal structure of the material at a depth of 1 cm. The dendrite spacing of ice crystals has been related to the freezing conditions of the material. 相似文献
12.
目的:有效解决高含水量样品电子显微结构观察的难点。方法:通过常规扫描电子显微镜搭配半导体制冷冷台的新仪器组合模式,对一系列高含水量样品进行显微结构观察。结果:高含水量样品在以导电胶带为基质,电压5 kV,电子束斑值为 50/60,冷台温度为4 ℃的条件下,无需对样品进行固定和脱水处理,可以在扫描电子显微镜下直接成像观察其显微结构,样品微观结构没有皱缩、拉伸、扭曲等变形现象,能够更真实地反映样品的原貌。结论:常规扫描电子显微镜搭配半导体制冷冷台的仪器自由组合模式是解决高含水量样品显微结构观察的有效手段。 相似文献
13.
目的:研究乳酸菌在不同材料成膜情况。方法:用液体培养基在同一温度、时间,分别加入复合塑料包装材料(HDPE)、纸盒包装内层的复合铝膜、复合金属铝包装材料、玻璃4种不同包装材料上进行培养,6d后分别用分光光度计法和扫描电镜法检测成膜情况。结果:实验菌株乳酸菌有相对较弱的成膜能力:用分光光度法测得复合塑料包装材料(HDPE)上的菌膜吸光度相对较大,玻璃次之,复合金属铝包装材料数值最小;通过扫描电镜观察得出相似结果。结论:乳酸菌在复合塑料包装材料上成膜最好;在金属铝上成膜最差。 相似文献