燕麦馒头对高脂小鼠降血脂、抗氧化及保护肝脏作用的研究

研究燕麦发酵前后对高血脂小鼠血脂、抗氧化以及肝保护作用。雄性KM小鼠随机分为4组,每组12只,分别为正常对照组、高脂模型组、燕麦面条组、燕麦馒头组。6周后检测血清、肝脏中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平及抗氧化丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原谷胱甘肽(GSH)指标,同时观察肝组织损伤变化情况。燕麦馒头组小鼠血清及肝脏中TG、TC、LDL-C水平均显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)降低,HDL-C水平显著升高(P0.05);与高脂模型组比较,肝脏中TC、TG、LDL-C分别下降46.43%、50%、45.95%,HDL-C上升32.08%,血清中TC、TG、LDL-C分别下降19.59%、30.81%、17.45%,HDL-C上升24.34%,燕麦馒头降低血脂效果在肝脏中更加明显。燕麦馒头组和燕麦面条组小鼠肝脏、血清中的SOD和GSH活性均显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)升高,MDA含量显著(p0.05)或极显著(P0.01)降低,说明燕麦发酵前后均增强抗氧化能力,且发酵后抗氧化能力明显高于发酵前。病理学检测结果显示燕麦馒头具有减少高脂血症小鼠肝脏中脂质沉积的作用。燕麦发酵后对高血脂小鼠有显著降低血脂、抗氧化及降低肝损伤作用。     

多穗柯叶醇提物改善Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢及氧化应激的作用

研究多穗柯叶醇提物（LEL）对2型糖尿病模型小鼠糖脂代谢及氧化应激反应的改善作用。将成模的2型糖尿病（T2DM）小鼠模型,分为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组及LEL高、低剂量（30、15 g/kg）组,连续给药4周。实验期间观察小鼠的毛色、精神状态并测定空腹血糖（FBG）。实验结束后,检测小鼠口服糖耐量及血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平,检测肝组织中肝糖原、过氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）水平,并进行肝组织病理切片检查。结果显示,LEL可改善T2DM小鼠的精神状态及多尿症状。低、高剂量组较模型对照组空腹血糖分别降低了45.38%、46.25%,血清OGTT、TG、TC、LDL-C水平显著降低,HDL-C显著升高（P<0.01）;肝组织中肝糖原含量及SOD、GSH活性显著升高,MDA含量显著降低（P<0.01）,脂肪变性及炎性细胞浸润程度明显减轻。结果表明,LEL具有明显降低T2DM小鼠血糖,升高肝糖原含量、改善脂质代谢与降低氧化应激损伤作用。     

油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的预防作用

目的：研究油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的预防作用。方法：通过DPPH和羟基自由基法测定油菜花粉提取物的抗氧化活性。将60只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、二甲双胍组（200 mg/kg）、油菜花粉提取物低、中、高剂量组（2,4,8 g/kg）。除正常组给予正常饲料,其它各组给予高脂饲养,同时每天给药1次,连续饲养10周后,检测小鼠血清、肝脏中相关生化指标及p-AMPK和AMPK蛋白表达,HE染色法观察肝脏组织的病理变化。结果：油菜花粉提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力,经过干预后,与模型组相比,高剂量组小鼠肝脏质量显著性降低;所有干预组小鼠血清中AST、ALT、TG、TC和LDL-C水平及肝脏组织中TG、TC和MDA水平均显著降低,血清中HDL-C和肝脏组织中SOD水平均显著增加,肝组织中p-AMPK蛋白表达水平显著上调,并改善肝组织病理损伤症状。结论：油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病具有预防作用,其机制可能与调控AMPK信号通路有关。     

膳食摄入染料木素对ICR小鼠血脂及肝脏的影响

目的：研究自胎儿期开始长期膳食摄入染料木素对ICR雌、雄子代小鼠血脂及肝脏的影响。方法：自ICR母鼠妊娠第1天开始分别以0、5、25、50 mg/（kg·d）（以体质量计,下同）的染料木素灌胃母鼠并在子代小鼠出生后继续对子代小鼠进行相同的处理,分别于子代小鼠出生后第21、42、80天对其分离血清和肝脏,测定血清中甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low densitylipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）含量;采用苏木精-伊红染色对子代小鼠肝脏进行组织形态观察。结果：自胎儿期开始长期膳食摄入染料木素可降低第21、42、80天ICR雌、雄子代小鼠的血清TC水平,且这种作用在第42、80天时更显著;自胎儿期开始长期膳食摄入染料木素还可以降低子代小鼠血清中TG和LDL-C水平,且对雄性子代小鼠LDL-C的降低效果更显著。染色结果显示自胎儿期开始长期膳食摄入染料木素可能会增加子代小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的风险。结论：自胎儿期开始长期膳食摄入染料木素可降低子代小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平,同时可能会增加子代小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的风险。     

反枝苋水提物对高脂饮食小鼠的降血脂作用

目的:研究反枝苋水提物调节高脂血症小鼠血脂的功效。方法:通过高脂肪饮食(high fatdiet,HFD)构建高脂血症小鼠模型,随机分为空白对照组(Con)、高脂模型组(Mod)、洛伐他汀组(Lovastatin,10 mg/kg/d)、反枝苋低剂量组(AR-L,430 mg/kg/d)、反枝苋高剂量组(AR-H,740 mg/kg/d)。空白组给予普通饲料喂养,其余各组给予高脂饲料喂养,同时按相应剂量灌胃给药。干预8周后,检测血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein Cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)水平,肝脏HE染色观察组织病理学变化。结果:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、MDA水平极显著升高(P<0.01),HDL-C、SOD水平极显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,反枝苋高剂量组小鼠的肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、ALT水平极显著降低(P<0.01),SOD、HDL-C水平极显著升高(P<0.01),LDL-C、MDA、AST水平显著降低(P<0.05);与模型比较,反枝苋低剂量组小鼠的肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、HDL-C水平极显著升高(P<0.01),ALT水平极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA、AST水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);HE染色结果显示,反枝苋水提物可明显减轻肝细胞内脂质沉积和肝脏脂肪变性程度。结论:反枝苋水提物能显著降低高脂血症模型小鼠的血脂水平,并能改善其肝功能。     

白耙齿菌发酵茶体内降血脂及保护肝脏作用的研究

为研究白耙齿菌发酵茶的降血脂及保护肝脏功效,本实验采用高脂饲料诱导建立高血脂小鼠模型,将70只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为模型组、辛伐他汀组阳性对照组（10 mg/kg）、绿茶组（400 mg/kg）,及白耙齿菌发酵茶高（400 mg/kg）、中（200 mg/kg）、低（100 mg/kg）剂量组,并另设空白对照组。空白对照组给予基础饲料,其余各组给予高脂饲料喂养。造模成功后,各组灌胃相应浓度的药物或茶汤。35 d后计算各组小鼠体重、肝重以及肝脏系数,检测血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）胆固醇及谷丙转氨酶（AST）、谷草转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）含量,检测肝组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平;并对肝脏组织进行病理学观察（HE）以及肝脏脂肪颗粒观察（油红O）。结果显示:白耙齿菌发酵茶高剂量组能显著降低高血脂小鼠TC、LDL-C、AST、ALT、ALP水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）,其指标水平均接近于辛伐他汀组;极显著降低TG水平（P<0.01）,并且与空白对照组TG水平相当;极显著升高HDL-C水平（P<0.01）,其HDL-C水平接近辛伐他汀组;能显著降低高血脂小鼠肝脏中MDA含量并且低于辛伐他汀组,提高SOD活力接近空白对照组、GSH活力接近辛伐他汀组（P<0.05）;能改善肝脏组织病理学结构,减少肝脏脂肪颗粒。上述实验结果表明:白耙齿菌发酵茶高剂量组能通过调节氧化应激等途径达到降血脂、改善脂肪肝和保护肝脏的作用。实验结果可为白耙齿菌发酵茶开发为抗氧化、降血脂、改善脂肪肝的功能菌茶提供一定的科学依据。     

水果酵素对小鼠酒精性肝损伤保护作用的研究

该试验研究了小鼠酒精性肝损伤模型的建立以及水果酵素对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。结果表明,连续白酒灌胃可引起小鼠肝脏损伤,表现为肝脏指数和血清指数升高、肝脏过氧化物含量升高、肝脏抗氧化能力降低以及肝细胞肿胀和脂肪变性等。与模型组相比,不同浓度的水果酵素均可有效恢复肝脏指数、降低血清中谷草转氨酶（GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、丙二醛（MDA）水平,提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）水平。病理学观察结果显示肝脏脂肪变性得到改善,肝脏细胞排列较为整齐,组织结构趋于正常,说明水果酵素可预防和修复酒精对小鼠肝脏的损伤,具有一定的保肝效果。     

全蛋及去蛋黄替代物摄入对代谢综合征小鼠脂代谢调控作用的比较分析

为研究全蛋及去蛋黄摄入对代谢综合征（Metabolic syndrome,MetS）小鼠脂代谢的影响,该实验通过高脂喂养构建MetS小鼠模型。将40只C57BL/6雄性小鼠分成空白对照组（Normal diet,ND）、模型组（High-fat diet,HFD）、全蛋摄入组（High-fat diet+egg,EGG）、去蛋黄替代物组（High-fat diet+substitute of free egg yolk,SUB）和洛伐他汀组（Lovastatin,Lov）。实验周期为60 d,末期测定脏器指数、相关生化指标、组织切片及相关酶水平。结果显示,EGG摄入显著抑制小鼠体重增长（p<0.05）。EGG血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）和总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）含量分别为HFD组的74.51%和77.03%。较HFD组,EGG和SUB抑制了由HFD引起的肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量上升,且EGG组SOD和MDA含量分别比HFD显著降低了24.90%和60.10%,同时SUB组肝脏中TC和甘油三酯（serum triglyceride,TG）最低,分别为0.11 mmol/L和0.42 mmol/L。EGG显著降低肝脏天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate transaminase,AST）和天冬氨酸转氨酶/丙氨酸转氨酶（AST/ALT）比值（p<0.05）,分别为HFD组的44.99%和81.74%。此外,EGG能显著抑制肝脏脂滴的形成和附睾脂肪细胞增大（p<0.05）。因此,较SUB,EGG能更好地调控MetS小鼠的血脂代谢。     

青钱柳多糖对高脂血症小鼠脂代谢及PPARγ、ATGL基因mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究青钱柳多糖对高脂血症小鼠肝脏及脂肪基因表达的影响。方法:用青钱柳多糖对高脂血症小鼠进行干预后,测定血清中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C的含量,以此评定其降血脂功能;采用RT-PCR法测定肝脏和脂肪组织中PPARγ、ATGL m RNA表达水平,从分子水平探讨青钱柳多糖的降血脂机制。结果:青钱柳多糖能显著降低肝脏和脂肪组织中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C的活性;同时可显著增强肝脏和脂肪组织中PPARγ、ATGL的表达量。结论:青钱柳多糖各剂量组、辛伐他汀及辛伐他汀+多糖中剂量组能够降低血清TC、TG、LDL-C值(P0.05或P0.01),提高HDL-C值(P0.01);且其各剂量组均可显著或极显著提高PPARγ、ATGL m RNA表达量(P0.05或P0.01),表明青钱柳多糖具有显著的降血脂和提高PPARγ、ATGL m RNA表达水平的作用。     

白鹤灵芝总萘醌对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠的作用研究

为评价白鹤灵芝总萘醌（Rhinacanthins-rich extract from Rhinacanthus nasutus,RRE）的降血脂及保护肝脏作用,采用高脂饲料诱导建立的非酒精性脂肪肝（Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease,NAFLD）小鼠模型,通过测定小鼠血清中总胆固醇（Total Cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（Triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白（High Density Lipoprotein,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（Low Density Lipoprotein,LDL-C）及肝脏及谷草转氨酶（Aspartate transaminase,AST）、谷丙转氨酶（Alanine transaminase,ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（Alkaline phosphatase,AKP）的水平,以及肝脏组织进行病理学观察。动物实验结果表明,RRE干预后有效改善了NAFLD小鼠肝脏病理病变进程,缓解炎性损伤,减少肝脏脂肪颗粒堆积;高、中剂量均能显著降低NAFLD小鼠血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平（P<0.05）,极显著升高HDL-C水平（P<0.01）,显著降低NAFLD小鼠血清中AST、ALT、AKP活力（P<0.05或P<0.01）;其指标水平均优于熊果酸组;RRE低剂量组可显著降低NAFLD小鼠血清中TG、LDL-C、AST、水平（P<0.05）,可降低TC、ALT、AKP水平,但无显著性差异（P>0.05）;通过网络药理学对白鹤灵芝与NAFLD疾病相关作用靶点进行交集,结合分子对接技术对RRE的有效活性物质及作用机制进行预测,结果表明白鹤灵芝素-C（rhinacanthin-C）与交集靶点具有良好的结合潜力。研究表明RRE有显著的降血脂、改善脂质沉积和炎性损伤、保护肝脏的作用,其作用机制可能是rhinacanthin-C经由AMPK-SREBP1c-SIRT1信号调节脂质代谢紊乱发挥作用,为壮药白鹤灵芝开发为降血脂、改善脂肪肝的民族药物提供实验依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press