基于可行点追踪的机载MIMO雷达收发联合设计方法

针对目标先验信息不准确条件下机载多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)雷达运动目标检测性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于可行点追踪连续凸近似(feasible point pursuit successive convex approximation,FPP-SCA)的机载MIMO雷达发射波形和接收滤波器组联合设计方法。在角度-多普勒平面上目标可能出现的区域设计一组接收滤波器,以最大化最差情形输出信杂噪比作为联合设计的优化准则;考虑波形的恒模和相似性约束建立极大化极小的联合设计问题,以提高目标参数不准确条件下对目标的稳健性检测;基于FPP-SCA算法框架,将联合设计问题的非凸约束条件进行凸近似处理,解决了极大化极小联合设计问题。仿真实验验证了所提方法能在目标参数不准确时保持较优的目标检测性能,且运算量低于对比方法。     

基于MHMM模拟电路早期故障诊断

MHMM模型是一种基于高斯混合密度的连续隐马尔科夫模型,具有很好的模式识别能力,对于高混叠样本优势明显。模拟电路结构复杂,早期软故障呈现多样化,故障样本混叠严重,难以辨识。针对这个特点,提出了将MHMM模型应用于模拟电路早期故障诊断的新思路。首先,通过线性判别分析(LDA)技术将由仿真电路采集的数据样本进行降维处理,产生低维观测序列,并对样本初步划分;然后,使用高斯混合模型(GMM)对观测序列逼近,并完成MHMM模型的参数训练;最后,通过实例验证,并与BP网络进行比较。结果表明,MHMM对于早期故障的检测更具有优越性。     

基于联合似然函数的多扩展目标广义标签多伯努利滤波器

高分辨率雷达监视系统可观测到区域内不同形状的多个扩展目标,可靠的形状估计有利于提高扩展目标跟踪性能,并可作为战场态势评估的重要依据。该文针对不同形状多扩展目标跟踪问题,提出一种基于联合似然函数的广义标签多伯努利(JL-GLMB)滤波器,可实现目标数目、航迹以及形状的精确估计。首先,将目标形状建模为星凸集,并利用非线性量测变换滤波器更新GLMB分布中的高斯分量,有效提高扩展目标状态估计精度。然后,通过对数加权融合策略,构造联合似然函数,综合衡量扩展目标和量测单元之间的相似程度。最后,基于吉布斯采样,提出快速计算扩展目标状态后验概率密度的方法,有效提高数据关联的准确率和计算效率。仿真实验结果表明,所提滤波器能够有效估计不同形状的多扩展目标状态,且在杂波环境下具有稳定的势估计。     

An asynchronous multiuser CDMA detector based on the Kalman filter

We introduce a multiuser receiver based on the Kalman filter, which can be used for joint symbol detection and channel estimation. The proposed algorithm has the advantage of working even when the spreading codes used have a period larger than one symbol interval (“long codes”), unlike adaptive equalizer-type detectors. Simulation results which demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed receiver over the conventional detector, the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) detector and a recursive least squares (RLS) multiuser detector are presented. A thorough comparison of the MMSE detector and the proposed detector is attempted because the Kalman filter also solves the MMSE parameter estimation problem, and it is concluded that, because the state space model assumed by the Kalman filter fits the code division multiple access (CDMA) system exactly, a multiuser detector based on the Kalman filter must necessarily perform better than a nonrecursive, finite-length MMSE detector. The computational complexity of the detector and its use in channel estimation are also studied     

干扰环境下MIMO雷达波形与接收滤波联合优化算法

传统雷达一般采用固定的发射波形,在干扰环境下很难获得最优的目标检测性能。针对这一问题,利用集中式多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达波形分集的优势,提出了一种干扰环境下的MIMO雷达波形与接收滤波联合优化算法。以最大化输出信干噪比为准则,使发射波形满足恒模条件,同时施加波形与具备较好脉压特性雷达波形之间的相似性约束,建立了有限相位发射波形与接收滤波权值的优化模型。然后,在循环迭代的算法框架下,将优化问题分解为2个子优化问题,并分别采用拉格朗日乘子法、半正定松弛技术对子优化问题求解,得到发射波形与接收滤波权值的联合优化结果。仿真结果表明,所提算法较现有方法相比有更高的输出信干噪比,使干扰信号的抑制性能得到改善,同时可兼顾发射波形的脉冲压缩特性。     

Joint data detection and channel estimation for coded and uncoded continuous phase modulation signals

The performance of decision‐directed approach for joint data detection and channel estimation for continuous phase modulation (CPM) signal is limited because of an inevitable decision delay, which results in a trade‐off between data detection and channel estimation. In this paper, a novel hard output demodulation that solves the conflict requirement on the decision delay by predicting the channel coefficients over a given observation interval through a Kalman filter is proposed for uncoded CPM signal. The prediction guarantees high channel tracking capability and meanwhile maintains the accuracy of data detection. The proposed hard output demodulator is further extended to design a soft‐input soft‐output demodulator for serially concatenated CPM signal, which allows iterative processing. The convergence behavior of the proposed iterative receiver is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed demodulators provide improved performance in terms of bit error rate over some existing algorithms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Joint Doppler frequency, 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA estimation for bistatic MIMO radar in spatial coloured noise

In this paper, we address the problem of four-dimensional angle and Doppler frequency estimation for L-shaped bistatic multiple input multiple output radar in spatial coloured noise. A novel method of joint estimation of Doppler frequency, two-dimensional direction of departure and two-dimensional direction of arrival based on the propagator method is discussed. Utilising the cross-correlation matrix which is formed by the adjacent outputs of matched filter in the time domain, the special matrix is constructed to eliminate the influence of spatial coloured noise. The proposed algorithm provides lower computational complexity and has very close parameter estimation to the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and DOA-matrix algorithm in high signal-to-noise ratio and Cramér–Rao bound is given. Furthermore, multidimensional parameters can be automatically paired by this algorithm to avoid the performance degradation resulting from wrong pairing. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

改进的最适高斯近似概率假设密度滤波

最适高斯近似概率假设密度滤波是一种新颖的多机动目标跟踪算法。然而,该算法存在模型概率先验固化问题,即在计算模型概率的过程中量测信息不起作用。针对以上问题,该文提出一种改进算法,通过引入模型概率更新过程,将后验量测信息加入模型概率的计算式中,根据似然函数在多个运动模型之间进行软切换,进而实现对多个机动目标的有效跟踪。实验结果表明,改进算法能够有效解决模型概率先验固化问题,在目标数估计和滤波精度方面均优于传统算法,具有良好的工程应用前景。      

Angle–Frequency Estimation Using Trilinear Decomposition of the Oversampled Output

This letter links joint angle and frequency estimation problem to the trilinear model and derives a novel blind joint angle and frequency estimation algorithm. Angle and frequency are obtained based on trilinear decomposition of a trilinear model, which is constructed based on oversampling the system output. The proposed algorithm has better performance, and supports small sample sizes. The useful behavior of the proposed algorithm is verified by simulations.     

Robust Joint Design of Transmit Beamforming and Receive Filter for TB-MIMO STAP Radar

In this paper, we consider the joint design of transmit beamforming and receive filter for transmit beamspace (TB) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar red space-time adaptive processing (STAP) under the target information uncertainty. The associated robust joint design problem is formulated by maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) to guarantee the target detection performance. An iterative optimization procedure is developed to resolve the NP-hard joint design problem. The optimized transmit beamforming weight vector and receive filter exhibit superior performance in terms of output SINR. Several simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

     

基于联合矩阵对角化的双基地MIMO雷达DOD-DOA估计

针对双基地MIMO雷达收发角(DOD-DOA)估计问题,该文提出一种基于联合矩阵对角化的快速多目标收发角估计算法。该算法首先根据匹配滤波输出的数据结构,利用奇异值分解和秩1矩阵判断定理将收发角度估计问题转化为联合矩阵对角化问题,然后采用单次-扫描迭代算法对其求解,得到收发阵列流型矩阵,最后通过谱分析方法估计收发角。该算法充分利用匹配滤波输出的所有信息,无需2维谱峰搜索,每次迭代均可得到精确的闭式解,且收发角自动配对。与现有算法相比,该算法不仅提高了角度估计精度,而且有效降低了运算量。仿真结果证明了所提算法的有效性。     

基于凸优化方法的认知雷达低峰均比波形设计

为了提高雷达发射波形的检测性能,同时使发射机发挥其最大效能,以发射波形的低峰均比(PAR)为约束条件,该文提出了一种信号相关杂波背景下的认知雷达发射波形和接收机滤波器联合优化方法。首先,面向距离扩展目标检测问题,构建关于雷达输出信干噪比(SINR)的优化模型;然后将该模型转化为Rayleigh商形式,给出了接收机权值的解析表达式;在此基础上,通过半正定松弛,将关于发射波形半正定矩阵的非凸问题转化为凸问题,求得发射波形的最优矩阵解;最后,将秩1近似法和最近邻方法相结合,从最优矩阵解中提取出发射波形的最优向量解。该方法在给定PAR取值范围内可使波形的输出SINR达到最大,PAR=2时波形的SINR值与能量约束下优化波形的SINR值相同,并且比PAR=1时所得波形高出约0.5 dB。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。      

基于雷达发射波形和非匹配滤波联合设计的间歇采样转发干扰抑制方法

间歇采样转发干扰(ISRJ)是基于欠采样原理的新型雷达相干干扰技术,能够形成密集假目标干扰。该文针对抗间歇采样转发干扰问题,提出一种雷达发射波形和非匹配滤波联合设计的抗干扰方法。首先,以发射信号脉冲压缩积分旁瓣能量和干扰信号非匹配滤波输出积分能量为目标函数,综合考虑发射信号的幅度约束,建立了间歇采样转发干扰抑制的数学优化模型。然后,通过问题分解推导了雷达发射波形和非匹配滤波器的解析表达式,基于迭代算法设计了发射波形和非匹配滤波器。最后,通过仿真实验的方式验证了发射波形和非匹配滤波器的性能、抗间歇采样转发干扰性能以及所提方法的间歇采样转发干扰抑制能力。     

Time-varying AR modeling and adaptive IIR notch filter for anti-jamming DSSS receiver

Using Time-Varying AR (TVAR) model and adaptive notch filter is a new method for the non-stationary jammer suppression in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). The performance of TVAR model for Instantaneous Frequency (IF) estimation will be affected by some factors such as basis functions. Focusing on this problem, the optimal basis function of TVAR model for the IF estimation of the LFM signal is obtained in this paper. Besides the depth and width of notching, the phase properties of notch filter affect the Signal-to-Interference plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of correlation output to the narrowband jammer suppression in DSSS, in response to the problem the closed solution of correlation output SINR improvement has been derived when a single frequency jammer passes through direct IIR notch filter, and its performance has been compared with those of five coefficient FIR filters. Later, a novel method for LFM jammer suppression based on Fourier basis TVAR model and direct IIR notch filter is proposed. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Joint Estimation of Doubly Selective Channels and Carrier Frequency Offsets in High Mobility MIMO-OFDMA Uplink

In this paper, we address the joint estimation of doubly selective channels (DSCs) and carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) in multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiple access uplink with highly mobile users. Since the channel coefficients are rapidly varying over time and the base station has to perform the estimation task from the received composite signal, the exact solution to this joint estimation problem requires multidimensional search which is computationally intensive. We propose an iterative technique for the joint estimation of DSCs and CFOs based on space alternating generalized expectation maximization algorithm which will decompose the multidimensional optimization to many one dimensional searches. The proposed method works even in the presence of residual timing offsets and it does not require the knowledge of channel statistics at the receiver. Convergence properties of the proposed algorithm in terms of rate matrix is studied and analytically proved that the proposed joint estimation algorithm converges. Simulation studies illustrate that the proposed technique offers good performance even at very high mobile speeds.

     

非线性高斯系统边缘分布多目标贝叶斯滤波器

为解决存在数据关联不确定、检测不确定和杂波情况下的多目标跟踪问题,提出了一种新的多目标贝叶斯滤波器.代替维持多目标状态的联合后验密度,所提出的贝叶斯滤波器联合传递各个目标状态的边缘分布和它们的存在概率.为了处理目标运动和传感器测量模型中的非线性,利用无迹变换技术提出了一种非线性高斯条件下边缘分布贝叶斯滤波器的近似实现算法.仿真实验结果表明,与PHD(Probability Hypothesis Density)滤波器相比,所提出的滤波器具有更好的多目标跟踪能力.     

采用合成方法的多路信号自适应时延联合估计

本文关注的是多路信号之间时延差异的联合估计问题。不同于传统的自适应时延估计算法,本文以合成信号作为自适应时延估计的参考信号,给出了基于信号合成的联合自适应时延估计算法。同时本文推导和仿真了该算法时延估计的均值、学习曲线及方差特性。性能分析和仿真结果均显示,本文提出的基于合成的多路信号自适应时延估计为渐进无偏的时延估计。在不明显增加计算量的条件下,当算法收敛时,联合时延估计算法的方差显著低于传统的两路信号之间自适应时延估计算法方差。      

杂波背景下基于交替方向乘子法的低截获频控阵MIMO雷达收发联合优化方法

针对相控阵雷达无法有效实现特定区域能量控制的问题,该文提出一种杂波环境下基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的频控阵MIMO(FDA-MIMO)雷达低截获(LPI)优化设计方法。该方法的优化准则是在保证目标参数估计性能的条件下,通过联合设计发射波束和接收滤波器使FDA-MIMO雷达在目标2维(距离-方位)区域上辐射的能量尽量小,即尽可能地降低雷达被截获的概率;接着利用加权求和的方法将优化准则构造成多比例分式规划(FP)和的问题;然后利用循环迭代的方法,将优化问题转化成两个子优化问题;最后基于ADMM方法消除等式约束,并通过最小化2阶2次近似优化问题获得发射波束的闭合解。此外,也分析了该方法的计算复杂度。仿真部分通过输出信干燥比(SINR)、发射和接收方向图验证了该方法的有效性。     

乘积型指数滤波器及其在多目标时延估计中的应用

指数滤波器是一类新构造出来的输出信噪比和目标时延分辨力随指数变化的滤波器,该滤波器在损失一定输出信噪比的前提下可以有效提高目标时延分辨力,从而提高目标时延估计精度,但仅采用单个指数滤波器仍存在输出信噪比和目标时延分辨力均达不到实际需求的情况。在乘积型高阶模糊函数乘积运算的启发下,在指数滤波器的基础上提出了一种新的乘积型指数滤波器,并分析了该乘积型指数滤波器的输出信噪比及目标时延分辨力等性能。仿真实验表明,所提的乘积型指数滤波器在低信噪比情况下可以更有效提高多目标时延估计精度,且算法简单易于实现,适用于背景复杂的多目标参数估计任务。     

杂波背景下基于交替方向乘子法的低截获频控阵MIMO雷达收发联合优化方法

针对相控阵雷达无法有效实现特定区域能量控制的问题,该文提出一种杂波环境下基于交替方向乘子法(ADMM)的频控阵MIMO(FDA-MIMO)雷达低截获(LPI)优化设计方法.该方法的优化准则是在保证目标参数估计性能的条件下,通过联合设计发射波束和接收滤波器使FDA-MIMO雷达在目标2维(距离-方位)区域上辐射的能量尽量小,即尽可能地降低雷达被截获的概率;接着利用加权求和的方法将优化准则构造成多比例分式规划(FP)和的问题;然后利用循环迭代的方法,将优化问题转化成两个子优化问题;最后基于ADMM方法消除等式约束,并通过最小化2阶2次近似优化问题获得发射波束的闭合解.此外,也分析了该方法的计算复杂度.仿真部分通过输出信干燥比(SINR)、发射和接收方向图验证了该方法的有效性.