基数排序及其基于位操作的优化

采用“大O表示法”客观地分析了基数排序算法的时间复杂度,给出了基数排序算法的实现和正确性的证明,并与比较排序算法作了横向的运行时间的对比。对基数排序效率不佳的现状,提出了用位操作方法来优化基数排序,并通过实验证实:优化后的基数排序算法明显提高了排序的运行速度,具有一定的实用价值,使基数排序在一定程度上可与目前最快的快速排序相比拟。     

求解带有等式约束的混合整数非线性规划问题的粒子群算法

针对带有等式约束的混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)问题,建立了一种改进的粒子群优化(PSO)算法--简约空间法.利用等式约束将问题的维数降低,使带有等式约束的优化问题转化为无等式约束优化问题.通过测试函数和过程综合的实例对该算法进行了测试并与其他算法所得的结果进行了比较,结果表明,PSO算法在使用的普遍性、求解的准确性等方面都优于一般的算法,尤其对于非凸的MINLP问题,PSO算法是一种有效的求解方法.     

一种求解化工动态优化问题的迭代自适应粒子群方法

智能优化方法因其简单、易实现且具有良好的全局搜索能力,在动态优化中的应用越来越广泛,但传统的智能方法收敛速度相对较慢。提出了一种迭代自适应粒子群优化方法(IAPSO)来求解一般的化工动态优化问题。首先通过控制变量参数化将原动态优化问题转化为非线性规划问题,再利用所提出的迭代自适应粒子群优化方法进行求解。相比传统的粒子群优化方法,该种迭代自适应粒子群优化方法具有收敛速度更快的优点,主要原因是:该算法根据粒子种群分布特性自适应调整参数;该算法通过缩减搜索空间并迭代使用粒子群算法搜索最优解。将提出的迭代自适应粒子群方法应用到多个经典动态优化问题中,测试结果表明,该方法简单、有效,精度高,且收敛速度比传统粒子群算法有显著提升。     

一种求解化工动态优化问题的迭代自适应粒子群方法

智能优化方法因其简单、易实现且具有良好的全局搜索能力,在动态优化中的应用越来越广泛,但传统的智能方法收敛速度相对较慢。提出了一种迭代自适应粒子群优化方法（IAPSO）来求解一般的化工动态优化问题。首先通过控制变量参数化将原动态优化问题转化为非线性规划问题,再利用所提出的迭代自适应粒子群优化方法进行求解。相比传统的粒子群优化方法,该种迭代自适应粒子群优化方法具有收敛速度更快的优点,主要原因是：该算法根据粒子种群分布特性自适应调整参数;该算法通过缩减搜索空间并迭代使用粒子群算法搜索最优解。将提出的迭代自适应粒子群方法应用到多个经典动态优化问题中,测试结果表明,该方法简单、有效,精度高,且收敛速度比传统粒子群算法有显著提升。     

基于聚类选择k近邻的LLE算法及故障检测

针对化工过程在多种运行模式下多种流形结构具有不同最优近邻数问题,提出了基于聚类选择k近邻的局部线性嵌入(LLE)过程监控方法。使用LLE算法提取高维数据的低维子流形,通过局部线性回归得到高维数据空间到特征空间的映射矩阵;选择Silhouette指标作为聚类有效性指标评估嵌入空间样本信息的相似性,进而确定最优近邻数,根据映射矩阵构建故障监控统计量及其控制限,进行故障检测。最后将所提算法与其他经典算法应用于TE化工过程对比分析,验证了算法的有效性。     

气液两相流中液滴识别及体积计算

气液两相流形态受到两相性质、气流和壁面等条件的影响，通常液滴在空间上的分布结构丰富多变，使得在空间中识别液滴及计算液滴体积变得十分复杂。为解决这些问题，将带有噪声的基于密度的空间聚类算法(Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, DBSCAN)和光滑粒子流体动力学方法(Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics Method, SPH)结合使用。该结合方法可利用DBSCAN算法来解决液滴识别问题，并使用SPH方法计算液滴体积。经过对比验证，计算结果表明，该方法可以正确识别气液两相流中液滴数量及其体积计算，计算结果最大误差不超过真实值的2.2%,相较于目前已有的体素法更优，并且适用于液滴大形变情况。通过对横向射流雾化过程计算分析，表明该结合方法可以正确反应液体破碎的雾化程度及雾化效果。     

基于空间变论域的自适应时空耦合模糊控制器

针对时空耦合系统控制精度不高的问题,提出一种空间变论域自适应时空耦合模糊控制器设计方法。首先基于时空耦合模糊集建立随空间物理变化的初始论域,并设计时空耦合论域伸缩因子在线实时调整模糊空间论域;其次采用变主导空间点的方法,分段调节空间加权因子,设计空间加权因子调节算法;最后通过仿真算例对方法进行验证。     

驱动高压锅炉水泵的汽轮机节能技术改造

分析在高压锅炉水泵使用背压式汽轮机驱动情况下,造成动力煤的用量增加、低压蒸汽富余浪费以及循环水浪费等问题。为有效利用热能、减少资源浪费,将驱动水泵汽轮机由背压式改为全凝式,减少了富余蒸汽浪费并节省了动力煤,降低了生产成本,取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益。     

基于统计信号重构的传感器故障诊断

主元分析、偏最小二层等数据驱动的多元统计监控方法由于不依赖于精确的数学模型,在化工过程监控与故障检测方面取得了广泛应用.通过研究基于统计信号重构的传感器故障诊断算法,给出了统计信号重构算法的一般形式,并推导了基于统计信号重构算法进行传感器故障诊断的可检测与可分离性条件,定义了模型空间和余差空间的故障识别指标.通过CSTR仿真对象的应用比较了不同统计信号重构算法间的差异,验证了故障诊断算法的有效性.     

基于知识改进的文化算法及其在化工动态优化中的应用

针对化工以及生化过程的动态优化问题,提出了一种基于改进知识引导的文化算法。该算法首先对控制搜索域与时间域分别进行了等分和离散化,利用"软约束"思想编码控制序列,采用"种群产生"-"控制域进化"-"种群寻优"迭代过程实现对控制序列的逐步寻优;其次在种群空间采用遗传算法,在信度空间采用差分算法,并将进化过程中的已有种群信息设计为3种知识,通过分析知识、提取知识、管理知识来指导进化过程。由于引入了文化进化理念和机制,大大提高了动态优化问题的搜索效率。通过3种典型化工动态优化问题的仿真实例,表明该算法具有较好的寻优效率以及更好的优化结果,验证了该算法在解决具有非线性动态约束问题的有效性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。