关于印染清洁生产技术的探讨

纺织印染行业是排污大户,但是清洁生产和环境无害化技术的途径和机会还是很多的。可以通过工艺设计和替代化学药剂削减废水中有毒物质的数量和浓度,通过对水和化学药剂的回收与再利用实现废物减量化。纺织业要走出低效益、污染重的困境,只有走清洁生产的道路,才能获得经济效益与环境效益的双赢。本课题从了解国内和国际上印染行业的清洁生产发展情况出发,分析印染行业清洁生产的发展情况,对行业的工作流程和行业特点作进一步的分析和深入的了解,从而比较全面地掌握印染行业在生产过程中对环境的影响,重点从废水处理、回水利用、节能降耗等方面分析了行业的清洁生产发展潜力。     

二氧化钛粉体处理印染废水的试验性研究

利用半导体二氧化钛粉体光催化氧化法,对影响分散大红和活性艳兰两种染料的光降解率的因素--染料初始浓度、光照时间、催化剂TiO2用量、溶液初始pH值进行了研究,找出了最佳的反应条件,使处理后的水达到较高的标准.并对羟基和H+离子在光催化氧化法中对染料发色基团作用机理进行了初步分析.     

膜技术处理印染废水研究进展

介绍了膜分离及集成技术在印染水处理中的应用,分析了膜污染存在的原因及解决膜污染问题的研究现状,重点介绍具有自清洁功能的电催化膜及其抗污染机理.最新结果显示,电催化膜利用膜分离与间接氧化协同作用能够实现印染废水高效降解,是一种绿色环保的污水处理新技术,具有广阔的应用前景.开发具有抗污染、长寿命、高通量的膜材料以及集成技术...     

臭氧氧化处理印染废水膜浓缩液

印染废水膜浓缩液具有盐分高、所含有机物以难降解物质为主的特点,常规工艺很难处理。采用臭氧氧化工艺对某印染厂膜浓缩液进行深度处理研究,结果表明,在进水COD≤250mg/L,色度≤256倍,苯胺≤2.29mg/L的条件下,当臭氧投加量为250 mg/L,停留时间为3h时,水质满足要求。     

正渗透处理印染废水的性能及回用研究

采用正渗透工艺处理印染废水,探究不同膜朝向、pH、温度对膜性能及膜污染的影响,并用出水回用染色.结果表明,膜朝向为原料液朝向活性层(AL-FS)时,其通量恢复率可达94.23%;随着pH的升高,对锑、钙和镁截留率分别可以提升13.14%、3.19%和2.83%;进料温度由25℃增加至45℃,其水通量提升了13.58%.运行结束后的正渗透膜的扫描电镜(SEM)和三维荧光光谱(EEM)结果表明膜污染主要为无机结垢及有机污染;处理后的出水回用染色,上染率与传统工艺基本一致.     

内电解法处理印染废水的研究

用内电解法对模拟印染废水进行了研究,结果表明,pH≤4.5时,处理30min色度去除率达到95.14%以上,CODcr去除率也达到88.96%以上.用内电解法对衡阳市某纺织印染厂废水进行处理,BOD5、CODcr由原来的0.04,提高到0.35,使可生化性得到提高.对内电解柱每隔3天曝气5～10分钟可以解决结块现象,实现稳定运行.     

新型印染废水脱色材料的研究

以一种低成本的粘土矿物--杭锦2 #土为原料,通过酸活化、碱复合、造粒、烘干、煅烧后制得了新型高效印染废水脱色材料.当脱色材料投加量为5g/L,静态作用10min后对0.1mol/L、初始pH值为10～12的三种不同性质的活性红、分散红、还原红单一染料废水均有90%以上的脱色率;对实际印染废水的脱色率可达95%以上;经750℃煅烧后的颗粒脱色材料,经水溶液浸泡20天不散裂,有效地解决了传统的粉末脱色材料处理过程中存在的固液难以分离以及染料无法回收的问题.     

气相分子吸收光谱法测定印染废水中的氨氮

本文用气相分子吸收光谱法测定印染废水中的氨氮。气相分子吸收光谱法应用国内的气相分子吸收光谱仪测定印染废水中氨氮,与纳氏试剂法相比较,该方法快捷简单、受干扰小、分析精度高。     

浅谈印染废水水质特征及处理技术

根据印染废水的来源不同，分别介绍了水质特点及排放规律，重点对印染废水的处理方法进行了归纳和总结。并建议解决印染废水污染问题应坚持改革工艺，从源头减少污染物排放和积极治理所排放污水、实现污水回用相结合的方针。     

氢氧化镁吸附-陶瓷膜微滤对印染废水脱色的研究

采用氢氧化钱吸附与陶瓷膜微滤过程相结合进行活性染料废水脱色处理,重点在于对预处理条伯及微滤操作条件的考察。研究表明,采用氢氧化镁吸附预处理的同滤技术对含活性产的印染放废水脱色处理是完全可行的。具有脱色率高、操作简单的优点,在合适的条件下,脱色率可达９８％以上,１．０μｍ膜的通量在１５０Ｌ／（ｍ＾２．ｈ）左右。     

A consignment stock coordination scheme for the production,remanufacturing and waste disposal problem

This paper extends the model of a production, remanufacturing and waste disposal system by adding a buyer (retailer) to the vendor’s system to form a two-level forward/reverse supply chain. The vendor and the buyer are assumed to operate according to a consignment stock policy. A mathematical model is developed for the cases when the production and remanufacturing batches are of different and equal sizes. The model also accounts for transportation, inspection and sorting costs. Numerical examples are provided and results are discussed. The results show that the collection rate of used items and the repairable rate have a significant impact on the total cost of the system and the batch sizes. It was suggested that it may not be possible to operate a system like the one described in the paper at its maximum environmental edge without receiving some incentives or tax brackets. Another possibility is for the system to undergo a continuous improvement process to reduce its operational costs, which may require additional investment.     

清洁生产工艺在有机氟工业中的应用介绍

介绍了F113替代技术、全氟辛酸回收、等离子体处理高危害有机氟残液应用技术在有机氟工业的应用以及取得的效果。     

Using waste to treat waste: clean production of erdite/zeolite composite flocculant from groundwater treatment sludge for real electroplating wastewater treatment

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - Groundwater sludge was a water treatment sludge containing Fe, Al and Si. Herein, the groundwater sludge was recycled to produce erdite/zeolite...     

热染料升华打印技术发展的现状和前景

本文阐述了热染料升华打印技术的原理、优势与不足，同时对某几个厂家的热染料升华打印机的性能及成像耗材的结构进行了阐明，并对市场前景进行了分析。     

生活污水的厌氧处理及应用效果分析

应用户用沼气池厌氧发酵原理,通过发酵流程技术改进后对公厕污水进行生物降解处理和物理沉淀截流辅助处理,经检测污水排放指标达到GB8978-88《污水综合排放标准》的Ⅱ级标准,从而提高了水源质量。其实用效果显著,并分析和讨论相关的技术问题。     

Materials for separation membranes in hydrogen and oxygen production and future power generation

Future fossil fuel power generation is likely to include technologies which increase process efficiency and reduce its impact on the environment, for example, CO₂ sequestration. Some of the key technologies identified for clean coal and natural gas combustion to produce power or hydrogen or both include O₂ generation/separation, H₂ and CO₂ separation. Hydrogen is considered as a potentially excellent substitute for transport fuels due to the concern over dwindling oil reserves and global warming. This paper discusses various separation processes that may be used in the industrial production of hydrogen from fossil fuels, with an emphasis on membrane separation technologies. Membrane separation has the advantage over other separation methods in that it is simple and potentially less energy intensive. Depending on the particular separation process utilised, however, the membrane materials can differ substantially. The materials used for H₂, O₂ and CO₂ separation are discussed and the major similarities and differences between the membranes highlighted. Critical design aspects of the membrane such as multiple phase design, nano-structure control, the need for surface layers and fabrication processes are also reviewed as they represent the areas where most research and development effort is likely to be directed in the future.     

Materials for separation membranes in hydrogen and oxygen production and future power generation

Abstract

Future fossil fuel power generation is likely to include technologies which increase process efficiency and reduce its impact on the environment, for example, CO₂ sequestration. Some of the key technologies identified for clean coal and natural gas combustion to produce power or hydrogen or both include O₂ generation/separation, H₂ and CO₂ separation. Hydrogen is considered as a potentially excellent substitute for transport fuels due to the concern over dwindling oil reserves and global warming. This paper discusses various separation processes that may be used in the industrial production of hydrogen from fossil fuels, with an emphasis on membrane separation technologies. Membrane separation has the advantage over other separation methods in that it is simple and potentially less energy intensive. Depending on the particular separation process utilised, however, the membrane materials can differ substantially. The materials used for H₂, O₂ and CO₂ separation are discussed and the major similarities and differences between the membranes highlighted. Critical design aspects of the membrane such as multiple phase design, nano-structure control, the need for surface layers and fabrication processes are also reviewed as they represent the areas where most research and development effort is likely to be directed in the future.     

超滤技术用于饮用水、工业用水及废水处理

在世界范围内，膜技术越来越多地用于满足高质量供水的需求．由于饮用水中难以杀灭的，而又致命的细茵的历史性的爆发，人们发现膜可以作为去除这些细菌和病毒的安全屏障，从而被广泛用于引用水生产和供应．在废水处理领域，膜可以用于分离废水中的悬浮颗粒和物质，通过膜技术深度处理后的水可以回用．文章对超滤膜在饮用水、工业用水及废水回用方面的应用情况进行了综述．     

Thermal treatment of harzardous waste for heavy metal recovery

In this study, a new method for recovering heavy metals from hazardous waste is introduced. The process is characterized by a separation of heavy metals and residues during the thermal treatment under a sub-stoichiometric atmosphere in a rotary kiln. After leaving the rotary kiln the separated heavy metals are precipitated in a hot gas ceramic filter. Using this technology, hazardous materials, both liquids and pasty hazardous waste containing heavy metals, can be treated and a product with a quasi-raw material condition can be formed. In contrast to current methods,the harmful substances should not be immobilized and disposed. In fact, a saleable product highly concentrated with heavy metals should be formed. During preliminary investigations with a solution containing sodium chromate tetrahydrate, the process was tested in a pilot plant. Here,the separation of chromium could be demonstrated with leaching tests and characterization of the filter dust. Analysis concerning the disposability of the residues had not been carried out because only the process and the characteristic of the filter dust were in the centre of attention.     

无机膜在工业废水处理中的应用与展望

对无机膜在工业废水处理领域的技术进展和应用现状进行了较全面的综述,由于材料特性所决定,无机膜将在苛刻条件下的废水处理领域中发挥重要的作用,无机膜集成技术的应用也将受到重视。